Optics characterization at IPHT: Measurement Techniques and
... where state-of-the-art computer chips with feature sizes of 22nm are produced using intense, deep ultra-violet (DUV) laser light. Another important technology is laser processing (welding, cutting…) by means of multi-kW lasers, e.g. in the automotive industry. In order to enable these technologies, ...
... where state-of-the-art computer chips with feature sizes of 22nm are produced using intense, deep ultra-violet (DUV) laser light. Another important technology is laser processing (welding, cutting…) by means of multi-kW lasers, e.g. in the automotive industry. In order to enable these technologies, ...
Palladium Ultra Thin Layer Profiles Evaluation by Evanescent Light
... Processing techniques to be displayed finally by 3D perspective images as shown in Figure 1 for 2 typical Pd samples with different average thicknesses. In Figure 2, 6 typical 2D square area sampled images of Pd nanolayers and their mean typical 1D thickness profiles are shown. For each sample, the ...
... Processing techniques to be displayed finally by 3D perspective images as shown in Figure 1 for 2 typical Pd samples with different average thicknesses. In Figure 2, 6 typical 2D square area sampled images of Pd nanolayers and their mean typical 1D thickness profiles are shown. For each sample, the ...
The Influence of Air-hole Filling Fraction of Photonics Crystal Fibers
... Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS) [1, 2] is a type of nonlinear optical phenomena in optical fiber. Because of the electrostrictive effect, it can lead to periodic modulation of refractive index of medium when the pump’s power is greater than the Brillouin threshold power. The index grating gene ...
... Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS) [1, 2] is a type of nonlinear optical phenomena in optical fiber. Because of the electrostrictive effect, it can lead to periodic modulation of refractive index of medium when the pump’s power is greater than the Brillouin threshold power. The index grating gene ...
Acousto-Optic Devices Based on Potassium Rare
... (modulators, deectors, tunable lters) made of those materials are able to withstand high power laser radiation, which is very important for laser industrial applications. For example, acousto-optic (AO) mode lockers for high power lasers are usually made of α-SiO2 , so they require a cooling syste ...
... (modulators, deectors, tunable lters) made of those materials are able to withstand high power laser radiation, which is very important for laser industrial applications. For example, acousto-optic (AO) mode lockers for high power lasers are usually made of α-SiO2 , so they require a cooling syste ...
Making Silicon Lase
... points of the interband transactions) some 10,000 times larger. have the same momentum. This equality An indirect band gap limits the effiof momentum occurs in commonly used ciency of a silicon laser, but it does not lasing materials such as gallium arsenide prohibit lasing by itself. Two other facan ...
... points of the interband transactions) some 10,000 times larger. have the same momentum. This equality An indirect band gap limits the effiof momentum occurs in commonly used ciency of a silicon laser, but it does not lasing materials such as gallium arsenide prohibit lasing by itself. Two other facan ...
Optical fibres solutions
... speed of light in a vacuum is the fastest anything can travel, n can not be less than 1. Thus A is incorrect. To have total internal reflection the core must be greater than the cladding. Thus C and D are incorrect. B (ANS) ...
... speed of light in a vacuum is the fastest anything can travel, n can not be less than 1. Thus A is incorrect. To have total internal reflection the core must be greater than the cladding. Thus C and D are incorrect. B (ANS) ...
The electrical conductivity of a semiconductor at absolute zero of
... When a Pentavalent impurity is added to pure semiconductor it becomes N-Type semiconductor Addition of Pentavalent impurity to a Semiconductor creates Free Electrons A hole in a Semiconductor is defined as a In-complete part of an electron pair bond Fermi energy level for intrinsic semiconductors li ...
... When a Pentavalent impurity is added to pure semiconductor it becomes N-Type semiconductor Addition of Pentavalent impurity to a Semiconductor creates Free Electrons A hole in a Semiconductor is defined as a In-complete part of an electron pair bond Fermi energy level for intrinsic semiconductors li ...
Demonstration of high waveguide bending efficiency (>90%) in a m wavelengths µ
... These even and odd states have strong similarity [2] with respectively transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) states in two dimensions. For TE-like modes, there exists a large fundamental TE photonic bandgap at ω=0.2630.341. There is also a higher-order TM gap at ω=0.345-0.378. Operat ...
... These even and odd states have strong similarity [2] with respectively transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) states in two dimensions. For TE-like modes, there exists a large fundamental TE photonic bandgap at ω=0.2630.341. There is also a higher-order TM gap at ω=0.345-0.378. Operat ...
IR Optical Taggants
... fluoride and oxyfluoride optical glasses such as NaYF, SiO2-Al2O3-NaF-YF3, and in oxide glass/ceramics, including SiO2, ZrO2, Y2O3 and Y3Al5O12 (yttrium aluminum garnet, or YAG). They are generally optically transparent, especially in the IR spectral region. IR-emitting quantum dots: Quantum confine ...
... fluoride and oxyfluoride optical glasses such as NaYF, SiO2-Al2O3-NaF-YF3, and in oxide glass/ceramics, including SiO2, ZrO2, Y2O3 and Y3Al5O12 (yttrium aluminum garnet, or YAG). They are generally optically transparent, especially in the IR spectral region. IR-emitting quantum dots: Quantum confine ...
5. Optical fiber
... is then transmitted through the optical fiber. The receiver receives the modulated carrier wave which is then demodulated and the information is retrieved. The carrier wave is electromagnetic radiation such as radio waves, microwaves, light etc. The frequency of light waves is very high which means ...
... is then transmitted through the optical fiber. The receiver receives the modulated carrier wave which is then demodulated and the information is retrieved. The carrier wave is electromagnetic radiation such as radio waves, microwaves, light etc. The frequency of light waves is very high which means ...
[pdf]
... Experimental setup used in this study is presented in Fig. 1. It consists of argon ion laser 共wavelength is 532 nm, a beam diameter is 1 mm, maximal laser power is 5 W兲, an attenuator, lens 共focal distance is 250 mm兲, a cuvette with the sample, an optical detecting fiber maintained on a two-coordina ...
... Experimental setup used in this study is presented in Fig. 1. It consists of argon ion laser 共wavelength is 532 nm, a beam diameter is 1 mm, maximal laser power is 5 W兲, an attenuator, lens 共focal distance is 250 mm兲, a cuvette with the sample, an optical detecting fiber maintained on a two-coordina ...
The Making of a Quantum Movie - Max-Planck
... a single layer of metal atoms. This passage is of key importance for both physics and technology. Its direct observation can one day aid in developing substantially faster electronic switching elements and microprocessors. Basic researchers are interested in the complex behavior of the electrons in ...
... a single layer of metal atoms. This passage is of key importance for both physics and technology. Its direct observation can one day aid in developing substantially faster electronic switching elements and microprocessors. Basic researchers are interested in the complex behavior of the electrons in ...
Multimode optical fiber - BSNL Durg SSA(Connecting India)
... those used to measure pollutants and to detect the dissemination of bioterrorist chemical agents. # They found that the new class of fiber provided more versatility not just in the visible spectrum, but also in the infrared --electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths longer than those of visible li ...
... those used to measure pollutants and to detect the dissemination of bioterrorist chemical agents. # They found that the new class of fiber provided more versatility not just in the visible spectrum, but also in the infrared --electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths longer than those of visible li ...
CHAPTER 4 REFLECTED LIGHT OPTICS
... always less thanc ,n is always greater than 1.0,although for airn = 1.0003 (~I) . Since the refractive index is a ratio of two velocities, it is a dimensionless number. Those materials through which monochromatic light travels at the same speed, regardless of the direction oflight vibration relative ...
... always less thanc ,n is always greater than 1.0,although for airn = 1.0003 (~I) . Since the refractive index is a ratio of two velocities, it is a dimensionless number. Those materials through which monochromatic light travels at the same speed, regardless of the direction oflight vibration relative ...
2. Spectral Stray Light
... The results of the spectral stray light characterisation measurements (Damm 2007) are illustrated in fig. 3. It can be seen that the spectral stray light can span 60 or more channels. The gap around channel 0 is due to the fact that only the out-of-band channels are shown (Damm 2007). While this met ...
... The results of the spectral stray light characterisation measurements (Damm 2007) are illustrated in fig. 3. It can be seen that the spectral stray light can span 60 or more channels. The gap around channel 0 is due to the fact that only the out-of-band channels are shown (Damm 2007). While this met ...
Document
... provides the basis for defining the optic sign of uniaxial minerals. Optically positive uniaxial minerals n omega < n epsilon (if extrordinary ray is the slow ray, then the mineral is optically positive.) Optically negative uniaxial minerals n omega > nepsilon (if extraordinary ray is the fast r ...
... provides the basis for defining the optic sign of uniaxial minerals. Optically positive uniaxial minerals n omega < n epsilon (if extrordinary ray is the slow ray, then the mineral is optically positive.) Optically negative uniaxial minerals n omega > nepsilon (if extraordinary ray is the fast r ...
Angle Resolved Scattering Combined with Optical Profilometry as
... resolved scattering method. The rst method measures the light reected from a lm during scan of the surface, while the second method measures light intensity as a function of the scattering angle. The angle resolved scattering and optical prolometry measurements, being complementary to the atomic ...
... resolved scattering method. The rst method measures the light reected from a lm during scan of the surface, while the second method measures light intensity as a function of the scattering angle. The angle resolved scattering and optical prolometry measurements, being complementary to the atomic ...
Mechanisms of structural colour in the Morpho butterfly: cooperation
... correlation causes a modulation corresponding to the diffraction spots due to the interference between neighbouring ridges, while the decrease in the number of effective layers is related to the transmission loss at the other layers. The remaining difference of the large angular range in the experim ...
... correlation causes a modulation corresponding to the diffraction spots due to the interference between neighbouring ridges, while the decrease in the number of effective layers is related to the transmission loss at the other layers. The remaining difference of the large angular range in the experim ...
On the theory of light scattering in gases
... scattering. The case in point was a controversy about whether a medium can be homogeneous despite the thermal molecular motion in the medium. Or whether a medium without fluctuations is possible, as we would put it today. But at that time the concept of fluctuations, their unavoidable and universal ...
... scattering. The case in point was a controversy about whether a medium can be homogeneous despite the thermal molecular motion in the medium. Or whether a medium without fluctuations is possible, as we would put it today. But at that time the concept of fluctuations, their unavoidable and universal ...
Concepts for the simulation of volume and surface scattering based
... • Physical optical simulation of surface and volume scattering requires modeling of diffraction and interference effects. • Numerical simulation enables high flexibility of scattering simulations for various surface and ...
... • Physical optical simulation of surface and volume scattering requires modeling of diffraction and interference effects. • Numerical simulation enables high flexibility of scattering simulations for various surface and ...
Advanced Characterization methods lectures
... bands can not be measured with usual IR absorption. Raman spectroscopy (scattering) offers a way around this - since the interactions involve more than one photon, the selection rules are different than in standard absorption spectroscopy. Raman spectroscopy also has the useful advantage of much few ...
... bands can not be measured with usual IR absorption. Raman spectroscopy (scattering) offers a way around this - since the interactions involve more than one photon, the selection rules are different than in standard absorption spectroscopy. Raman spectroscopy also has the useful advantage of much few ...
Raman Scattering in Solids
... power of typically 1…100 mW coming from one of various types of lasers which normally provide several lines throughout the visible and near infrared or ultraviolet spectral range. As the intensity of the light has to be extremely stable as a function of time mostly noble gas ion lasers (such as Ar+ ...
... power of typically 1…100 mW coming from one of various types of lasers which normally provide several lines throughout the visible and near infrared or ultraviolet spectral range. As the intensity of the light has to be extremely stable as a function of time mostly noble gas ion lasers (such as Ar+ ...
Light Simulation with Participating Media - HAL
... We will explain general theory underlying light behavior. The theory will describe what happen when light hits a material interface and how light interacts inside these materials. We will then describe the already existing techniques in the field of subsurface scattering. ...
... We will explain general theory underlying light behavior. The theory will describe what happen when light hits a material interface and how light interacts inside these materials. We will then describe the already existing techniques in the field of subsurface scattering. ...
Light scattering models of white blood cells and back
... of biological cells have become one of the hot research issues. WBCs, with the various types, are divided into five types which include neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes and lymphocytes. According to the optical scattering detection theory on cells: light scattering occurs when the beam ...
... of biological cells have become one of the hot research issues. WBCs, with the various types, are divided into five types which include neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes and lymphocytes. According to the optical scattering detection theory on cells: light scattering occurs when the beam ...
Transparency and translucency
In the field of optics, transparency (also called pellucidity or diaphaneity) is the physical property of allowing light to pass through the material without being scattered. On a macroscopic scale (one where the dimensions investigated are much, much larger than the wavelength of the photons in question), the photons can be said to follow Snell's Law. Translucency (also called translucence or translucidity) is a super-set of transparency: it allows light to pass through, but does not necessarily (again, on the macroscopic scale) follow Snell's law; the photons can be scattered at either of the two interfaces where there is a change in index of refraction, or internally. In other words, a translucent medium allows the transport of light while a transparent medium not only allows the transport of light but allows for image formation. The opposite property of translucency is opacity. Transparent materials appear clear, with the overall appearance of one color, or any combination leading up to a brilliant spectrum of every color.When light encounters a material, it can interact with it in several different ways. These interactions depend on the wavelength of the light and the nature of the material. Photons interact with an object by some combination of reflection, absorption and transmission.Some materials, such as plate glass and clean water, transmit much of the light that falls on them and reflect little of it; such materials are called optically transparent. Many liquids and aqueous solutions are highly transparent. Absence of structural defects (voids, cracks, etc.) and molecular structure of most liquids are mostly responsible for excellent optical transmission.Materials which do not transmit light are called opaque. Many such substances have a chemical composition which includes what are referred to as absorption centers. Many substances are selective in their absorption of white light frequencies. They absorb certain portions of the visible spectrum while reflecting others. The frequencies of the spectrum which are not absorbed are either reflected back or transmitted for our physical observation. This is what gives rise to color. The attenuation of light of all frequencies and wavelengths is due to the combined mechanisms of absorption and scattering.Transparency can provide almost perfect camouflage for animals able to achieve it. This is easier in dimly-lit or turbid seawater than in good illumination. Many marine animals such as jellyfish are highly transparent.