Chakriya Bowman Economies
... Asian currency baskets during the 1980s. An increase in the significance of β, coupled with an increased R2, indicated that all the regional currencies had increased their relationship with the yen during the latter part of the study (1988 – 1992). To reproduce this regression, the US dollar, yen an ...
... Asian currency baskets during the 1980s. An increase in the significance of β, coupled with an increased R2, indicated that all the regional currencies had increased their relationship with the yen during the latter part of the study (1988 – 1992). To reproduce this regression, the US dollar, yen an ...
Stock prices and the East Asian Financial Crisis
... Edin and Vredin (1993), this is only used as a basis for the empirical investigation and as with the leading indicator literature in general, other leading indicators are also incorporated into the empirical tests, without specific theoretic modeling. The stock market is included in the money demand ...
... Edin and Vredin (1993), this is only used as a basis for the empirical investigation and as with the leading indicator literature in general, other leading indicators are also incorporated into the empirical tests, without specific theoretic modeling. The stock market is included in the money demand ...
Two Economic Crisis and Dollarization for Cambodia, Laos, and
... Vietnam, covering the period 1997.6-2000.12 for Asian economic crisis, and 2007.8-2010.12 for global economic crisis, respectively.7) The average market exchange rate for the exchange rate, and the foreign currency deposits and domestic currency (M1 and M2) for the holdings of foreign currency, are ...
... Vietnam, covering the period 1997.6-2000.12 for Asian economic crisis, and 2007.8-2010.12 for global economic crisis, respectively.7) The average market exchange rate for the exchange rate, and the foreign currency deposits and domestic currency (M1 and M2) for the holdings of foreign currency, are ...
The Effects of Exchange Controls on the Venezuelan
... drain money out of the economy. As the money stock falls, so do price levels. In the case of Venezuela, this auction has been relegated to a parallel market where banks instead of the government reap the profits of these auctions. Since the implementation of the exchange controls, imports have falle ...
... drain money out of the economy. As the money stock falls, so do price levels. In the case of Venezuela, this auction has been relegated to a parallel market where banks instead of the government reap the profits of these auctions. Since the implementation of the exchange controls, imports have falle ...
Pegging the future West African single currency in regard to
... Among the new questions, the choice of the exchange rate regime is at the forefront of the discussions though the academic work at still in a burgeoning step and rare. Some authors are concerned with the trade-off between floating and fixed exchange rate. For instance, Batte et al. (2008) study such ...
... Among the new questions, the choice of the exchange rate regime is at the forefront of the discussions though the academic work at still in a burgeoning step and rare. Some authors are concerned with the trade-off between floating and fixed exchange rate. For instance, Batte et al. (2008) study such ...
Tilburg University Stability of Monetary Unions
... policies. Regions trade off efficiency gains from integration and the cost of not having redistribution policy preferred by the median voter. When income inequality differs across regions and the efficiency gains from integration are small, unions break up. Alesina and Spolaore (1997) present a mod ...
... policies. Regions trade off efficiency gains from integration and the cost of not having redistribution policy preferred by the median voter. When income inequality differs across regions and the efficiency gains from integration are small, unions break up. Alesina and Spolaore (1997) present a mod ...
Mobile termination rates in the EU15 European jurisdictions
... PPP (purchasing power parity) exchange rates are widely used by international organisations as an alternative to monetary exchange rates when making international economic comparisons. They are, in effect, “real” exchange rates, based on a comparison of the relative purchasing power of each country’ ...
... PPP (purchasing power parity) exchange rates are widely used by international organisations as an alternative to monetary exchange rates when making international economic comparisons. They are, in effect, “real” exchange rates, based on a comparison of the relative purchasing power of each country’ ...
Currency
A currency (from Middle English: curraunt, ""in circulation"", from Latin: currens, -entis) in the most specific use of the word refers to money in any form when in actual use or circulation as a medium of exchange, especially circulating banknotes and coins. A more general definition is that a currency is a system of money (monetary units) in common use, especially in a nation. Under this definition, British pounds, U.S. dollars, and European euros are examples of currency. These various currencies are stores of value, and are traded between nations in foreign exchange markets, which determine the relative values of the different currencies. Currencies in this sense are defined by governments, and each type has limited boundaries of acceptance.Other definitions of the term ""currency"" are discussed in their respective synonymous articles banknote, coin, and money. The latter definition, pertaining to the currency systems of nations, is the topic of this article. Currencies can be classified into two monetary systems: fiat money and commodity money, depending on what guarantees the value (the economy at large vs. the government's physical metal reserves). Some currencies are legal tender in certain jurisdictions, which means they cannot be refused as payment for debt. Others are simply traded for their economic value. Digital currency arose with the popularity of computers and the Internet.