Dusty plasma effects in near earth space and interplanetary medium
... dedicated dusty plasma experiments. Many processes in astrophysics rely on dust-plasma interactions and they often play a notable role, as, for instance, in the evolution of the interstellar medium. Although the parameters of dusty plasmas cover an extremely wide range, certain fundamental concepts ...
... dedicated dusty plasma experiments. Many processes in astrophysics rely on dust-plasma interactions and they often play a notable role, as, for instance, in the evolution of the interstellar medium. Although the parameters of dusty plasmas cover an extremely wide range, certain fundamental concepts ...
The influence of cavity photons on the transient transport
... the Rashba SOI. Persistent equilibrium spin currents due to geometrical phases were addressed for the Zeeman interaction with an inhomogeneous, static magnetic field [34]. Later, Balatsky and Altshuler studied persistent spin currents related to the AC phase [35]. Several authors addressed the persi ...
... the Rashba SOI. Persistent equilibrium spin currents due to geometrical phases were addressed for the Zeeman interaction with an inhomogeneous, static magnetic field [34]. Later, Balatsky and Altshuler studied persistent spin currents related to the AC phase [35]. Several authors addressed the persi ...
Eric Mazur Practice - Interactive Learning Toolkit
... might know from chemistry that water has an atomic mass of 18 g/mole and that one mole is 6x1023 particles, which makes the inertia of a single water molecule 18x10-3 kg/(6x1023)= 310-26 kg. Alternatively, you can use the fact that water consists of two hydrogen atoms (1 proton each) and one oxygen ...
... might know from chemistry that water has an atomic mass of 18 g/mole and that one mole is 6x1023 particles, which makes the inertia of a single water molecule 18x10-3 kg/(6x1023)= 310-26 kg. Alternatively, you can use the fact that water consists of two hydrogen atoms (1 proton each) and one oxygen ...
Modern Physics by Serway, Moses, and Moyer (third
... Style. We have attempted to write this book in a style that is clear and succinct yet somewhat informal, in the hope that readers will find the text appealing and enjoyable to read. All new terms have been carefully defined, and we have tried to avoid jargon. Worked Examples. A large number of worke ...
... Style. We have attempted to write this book in a style that is clear and succinct yet somewhat informal, in the hope that readers will find the text appealing and enjoyable to read. All new terms have been carefully defined, and we have tried to avoid jargon. Worked Examples. A large number of worke ...
Transverse Beer-Can Distribution Electron Beam
... As an important upgrade of RHIC, eRHIC[2, 3] is brought out as an advance experiment tool to answer more questions of fundamental structure of matters, such as the structure (both momentum distribution and spin properties) of hadrons, the role of quarks and gluons with dynamics of confinement, etc. ...
... As an important upgrade of RHIC, eRHIC[2, 3] is brought out as an advance experiment tool to answer more questions of fundamental structure of matters, such as the structure (both momentum distribution and spin properties) of hadrons, the role of quarks and gluons with dynamics of confinement, etc. ...
electric dipoles - Project PHYSNET
... “charges”) certainly do. For most purposes an electron can be considered an example of a point monopole with charge q = −1.6 × 10−19 C. It also has mass and a magnetic dipole moment.4 The proton also carries an electric monopole charge q = +1.6 × 10−19 C. Obviously, the hydrogen atom consisting of a ...
... “charges”) certainly do. For most purposes an electron can be considered an example of a point monopole with charge q = −1.6 × 10−19 C. It also has mass and a magnetic dipole moment.4 The proton also carries an electric monopole charge q = +1.6 × 10−19 C. Obviously, the hydrogen atom consisting of a ...
Characterization of the ANTARES Photomultiplier R 7081-20
... background, mostly consisting of the cosmic microwave background [6]. This interaction leads to the creation of electron-positron pairs. Since high energy gamma rays from distances further away than 100 Mpc, are not detectable, it seems impossible to say something about their source of origin. Fortu ...
... background, mostly consisting of the cosmic microwave background [6]. This interaction leads to the creation of electron-positron pairs. Since high energy gamma rays from distances further away than 100 Mpc, are not detectable, it seems impossible to say something about their source of origin. Fortu ...
The Thermal Dielectrophoretic Force on a Dielectric Particle in
... through the electrostatic force caused by dielectrophoresis (DEP). Additionally, electrothermal flow in the fluid can be caused by the effects of nonuniform temperature and the temperature-dependent electrical permittivity and conductivity material properties. We examine the effects on a particle im ...
... through the electrostatic force caused by dielectrophoresis (DEP). Additionally, electrothermal flow in the fluid can be caused by the effects of nonuniform temperature and the temperature-dependent electrical permittivity and conductivity material properties. We examine the effects on a particle im ...
Gaseous Secondary Electron Detection and
... and IISC by a particle of charge −e traversing the gap in a typical ESEM containing distributed capacitances and resistances. The gaseous secondary electron detector (GSED) and induced stage current (ISC) amplifiers have time constants R1 C1 and R2 C2 , respectively. The time constant of an insulatin ...
... and IISC by a particle of charge −e traversing the gap in a typical ESEM containing distributed capacitances and resistances. The gaseous secondary electron detector (GSED) and induced stage current (ISC) amplifiers have time constants R1 C1 and R2 C2 , respectively. The time constant of an insulatin ...
Part III General Description of ELIC@CEBAF - JLab
... of both the projected EIC measurement (black numbers at the top) and the existing NMC measurement (red numbers at the bottom) are given for each of the respective x values. ...
... of both the projected EIC measurement (black numbers at the top) and the existing NMC measurement (red numbers at the bottom) are given for each of the respective x values. ...
Size Effects in Nanostructured Superconductors
... λL. In fact, Anderson had predicted in 1959 that there is a third length scale that controls the superconducting order parameter4 in nano-superconductors. According to the Anderson criterion, there will be complete destabilization of superconductivity for grain sizes at which the energy level spacin ...
... λL. In fact, Anderson had predicted in 1959 that there is a third length scale that controls the superconducting order parameter4 in nano-superconductors. According to the Anderson criterion, there will be complete destabilization of superconductivity for grain sizes at which the energy level spacin ...
"Antimatter plasmas and antihydrogen" Physics of Plasma 4 (1997), pp. 1528-43. R. G. Greaves and C. M. Surko (PDF)
... The internal transport of energy and particles across the magnetic field which leads to equilibrium radial profiles is less well understood, and can be influenced by a variety of processes. For an unstable plasma, the initial rapid evolution proceeds via the excitation of diocotron modes58 or other ...
... The internal transport of energy and particles across the magnetic field which leads to equilibrium radial profiles is less well understood, and can be influenced by a variety of processes. For an unstable plasma, the initial rapid evolution proceeds via the excitation of diocotron modes58 or other ...
RASHBA SPIN-ORBIT INTERACTION IN MESOSCOPIC SYSTEMS Frank Erik Meijer
... layers and quantum wells, together with the improvements in microfabrication techniques, have facilitated unprecedented possibilities for fundamental research. In high-purity semiconductors and quantum wells electrons move ballistically, and are phase-coherent over large distances at low enough temp ...
... layers and quantum wells, together with the improvements in microfabrication techniques, have facilitated unprecedented possibilities for fundamental research. In high-purity semiconductors and quantum wells electrons move ballistically, and are phase-coherent over large distances at low enough temp ...
Electric Charge and Electric Field
... responsible for the structure and properties of atoms and molecules—and, indeed, of all ordinary matter—are primarily electrical interactions between electrically charged particles. The structure of ordinary matter can be described in terms of three particles: the negatively charged electron, the po ...
... responsible for the structure and properties of atoms and molecules—and, indeed, of all ordinary matter—are primarily electrical interactions between electrically charged particles. The structure of ordinary matter can be described in terms of three particles: the negatively charged electron, the po ...
The Dynamics of Near-Surface Dust on Airless Bodies
... mechanism, is of interest since dust particle levitation could significantly change our understanding of the evolution of asteroids as well as pose a hazard to future exploration vehicles. By studying the levitation behavior in a 1D system for a range of particle sizes, a range of central body masse ...
... mechanism, is of interest since dust particle levitation could significantly change our understanding of the evolution of asteroids as well as pose a hazard to future exploration vehicles. By studying the levitation behavior in a 1D system for a range of particle sizes, a range of central body masse ...
Energy and Mass in Relativity Theory (321 Pages)
... using this expression to describe the earth's magnetic field, and making use of the fact that the earth's magneticc'field extends to distances on the order of 10 4 km, Schrodinger concluded that Ay> 10' km [3,4l. Data on the earth's magnetic field, obtained up to the time of SChrodinger work from co ...
... using this expression to describe the earth's magnetic field, and making use of the fact that the earth's magneticc'field extends to distances on the order of 10 4 km, Schrodinger concluded that Ay> 10' km [3,4l. Data on the earth's magnetic field, obtained up to the time of SChrodinger work from co ...
Lepton
A lepton is an elementary, half-integer spin (spin 1⁄2) particle that does not undergo strong interactions, but is subject to the Pauli exclusion principle. The best known of all leptons is the electron, which is directly tied to all chemical properties. Two main classes of leptons exist: charged leptons (also known as the electron-like leptons), and neutral leptons (better known as neutrinos). Charged leptons can combine with other particles to form various composite particles such as atoms and positronium, while neutrinos rarely interact with anything, and are consequently rarely observed.There are six types of leptons, known as flavours, forming three generations. The first generation is the electronic leptons, comprising the electron (e−) and electron neutrino (νe); the second is the muonic leptons, comprising the muon (μ−) and muon neutrino (νμ); and the third is the tauonic leptons, comprising the tau (τ−) and the tau neutrino (ντ). Electrons have the least mass of all the charged leptons. The heavier muons and taus will rapidly change into electrons through a process of particle decay: the transformation from a higher mass state to a lower mass state. Thus electrons are stable and the most common charged lepton in the universe, whereas muons and taus can only be produced in high energy collisions (such as those involving cosmic rays and those carried out in particle accelerators).Leptons have various intrinsic properties, including electric charge, spin, and mass. Unlike quarks however, leptons are not subject to the strong interaction, but they are subject to the other three fundamental interactions: gravitation, electromagnetism (excluding neutrinos, which are electrically neutral), and the weak interaction. For every lepton flavor there is a corresponding type of antiparticle, known as antilepton, that differs from the lepton only in that some of its properties have equal magnitude but opposite sign. However, according to certain theories, neutrinos may be their own antiparticle, but it is not currently known whether this is the case or not.The first charged lepton, the electron, was theorized in the mid-19th century by several scientists and was discovered in 1897 by J. J. Thomson. The next lepton to be observed was the muon, discovered by Carl D. Anderson in 1936, which was classified as a meson at the time. After investigation, it was realized that the muon did not have the expected properties of a meson, but rather behaved like an electron, only with higher mass. It took until 1947 for the concept of ""leptons"" as a family of particle to be proposed. The first neutrino, the electron neutrino, was proposed by Wolfgang Pauli in 1930 to explain certain characteristics of beta decay. It was first observed in the Cowan–Reines neutrino experiment conducted by Clyde Cowan and Frederick Reines in 1956. The muon neutrino was discovered in 1962 by Leon M. Lederman, Melvin Schwartz and Jack Steinberger, and the tau discovered between 1974 and 1977 by Martin Lewis Perl and his colleagues from the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The tau neutrino remained elusive until July 2000, when the DONUT collaboration from Fermilab announced its discovery.Leptons are an important part of the Standard Model. Electrons are one of the components of atoms, alongside protons and neutrons. Exotic atoms with muons and taus instead of electrons can also be synthesized, as well as lepton–antilepton particles such as positronium.