The Fall of the Roman Republic
... endowed. These include the tribune’s right/duty to interpose his person between those of an ‘arresting’ magistrate and an ‘oppressed’ plebeian. This later became a political veto, by which a tribune could halt business anywhere in the political process. The veto was the more potent because of the fa ...
... endowed. These include the tribune’s right/duty to interpose his person between those of an ‘arresting’ magistrate and an ‘oppressed’ plebeian. This later became a political veto, by which a tribune could halt business anywhere in the political process. The veto was the more potent because of the fa ...
The Senatus Consultum Ultimum and its Relation to
... mentioned, which is generally considered as the beginning of the Late Republic, is the tribunate of Tiberius Gracchus.4 Though Tiberius Gracchus' political career predates the first instance of the SCU by roughly a decade, it is a substantial event, not just with regards to the actions of his broth ...
... mentioned, which is generally considered as the beginning of the Late Republic, is the tribunate of Tiberius Gracchus.4 Though Tiberius Gracchus' political career predates the first instance of the SCU by roughly a decade, it is a substantial event, not just with regards to the actions of his broth ...
Financing War in the Roman Republic 201 BCE
... Harris about the reasons motivating Roman expansion, Eckstein did not question the idea that war was lucrative for Roman citizens.3 Monographs on the Roman army of the Republic itself have mostly covered the evolution of military structures and the changing nature of the army after the ‘Marian refo ...
... Harris about the reasons motivating Roman expansion, Eckstein did not question the idea that war was lucrative for Roman citizens.3 Monographs on the Roman army of the Republic itself have mostly covered the evolution of military structures and the changing nature of the army after the ‘Marian refo ...
imageREAL Capture
... conquest of Italy itself was scarcely completed. It seems, on the face of it at least, unlikely that in the circumstances of the time there would have been any crying need for a new judicial officer to concern himself with cases involving litigants who were not Roman citizens, while the praetor urba ...
... conquest of Italy itself was scarcely completed. It seems, on the face of it at least, unlikely that in the circumstances of the time there would have been any crying need for a new judicial officer to concern himself with cases involving litigants who were not Roman citizens, while the praetor urba ...
Tarpeia
... The soldiers said “Take thy reward” and instead crushed her to the ground with his heavy shield Tarpeia was dead Sabines entered the city and marched over her dead body ...
... The soldiers said “Take thy reward” and instead crushed her to the ground with his heavy shield Tarpeia was dead Sabines entered the city and marched over her dead body ...
The Roman senate and the post
... The expansion of the size of the Senate was thus accompanied by a significant shift in the role of a senator.22 For the decade after Sulla, being a senator involved jury service and attendance at Senate meetings; but for a substantial group of senators, it involved little else. This transformation i ...
... The expansion of the size of the Senate was thus accompanied by a significant shift in the role of a senator.22 For the decade after Sulla, being a senator involved jury service and attendance at Senate meetings; but for a substantial group of senators, it involved little else. This transformation i ...
The History of Rome, Book II
... never tolerate a king; by the blind hatred with which the name of king was ever afterwards regarded in Rome; and above all by the enactment that the "king for offering sacrifice" (-rex sacrorum- or -sacrificulus-) --whom they considered it their duty to create that the gods might not miss their ...
... never tolerate a king; by the blind hatred with which the name of king was ever afterwards regarded in Rome; and above all by the enactment that the "king for offering sacrifice" (-rex sacrorum- or -sacrificulus-) --whom they considered it their duty to create that the gods might not miss their ...
Roman Macedonia (168 BC - AD 284)
... wealthy Macedonians, although this last action, ideologically inconsistent with the rest of his conduct, may more likely have been dictated by a desire for booty, as would in addition be suggested by the execution of a number of his own supporters. On the other hand, it is also a fact that the Maced ...
... wealthy Macedonians, although this last action, ideologically inconsistent with the rest of his conduct, may more likely have been dictated by a desire for booty, as would in addition be suggested by the execution of a number of his own supporters. On the other hand, it is also a fact that the Maced ...
Virtus in the Roman World - The Cupola: Scholarship at Gettysburg
... only served as an emergency position. 146 In numerous Latin accounts from Livy, Cicero, Cato, and others, men who had obtained imperium via the cursus honorum automatically had virtus. Cicero specifically stated that a man with imperium had “singular virtus.” 147 This commonality between accounts su ...
... only served as an emergency position. 146 In numerous Latin accounts from Livy, Cicero, Cato, and others, men who had obtained imperium via the cursus honorum automatically had virtus. Cicero specifically stated that a man with imperium had “singular virtus.” 147 This commonality between accounts su ...
ALEXANDER YAKOBSON, Cicero, the Constitution and the Roman
... has largely moved from constitutional questions to wider political and social ones and, increasingly, to analyzing the Republican political culture.1 However, the ‘increased unease about traditional constitutional history’2 and its limitations, characteristic of contemporary scholarship, does not im ...
... has largely moved from constitutional questions to wider political and social ones and, increasingly, to analyzing the Republican political culture.1 However, the ‘increased unease about traditional constitutional history’2 and its limitations, characteristic of contemporary scholarship, does not im ...
The Nobility under Augustus Spencer Williams
... by the fasces, a bundle of rods and an axe, carried by an escort of lictors, attendants of the magistrates. Election to the consulate or praetorship brought individuals both honor and imperium. The number of accompanying lictors denoted rank. A dictator had 24 lictors, a consul 12, a praetor 6. In a ...
... by the fasces, a bundle of rods and an axe, carried by an escort of lictors, attendants of the magistrates. Election to the consulate or praetorship brought individuals both honor and imperium. The number of accompanying lictors denoted rank. A dictator had 24 lictors, a consul 12, a praetor 6. In a ...
the rise of the roman republic the rise of the roman
... Important Rules Note: Whenever you see the word Legion in the rules, it means the combat units associated with both the RL and AL elements of the same Legion. HISTORICAL & DESIGN NOTE: The “paper” numerical strength of legions varied from decade to decade, consul to consul, campaign to campaign, bat ...
... Important Rules Note: Whenever you see the word Legion in the rules, it means the combat units associated with both the RL and AL elements of the same Legion. HISTORICAL & DESIGN NOTE: The “paper” numerical strength of legions varied from decade to decade, consul to consul, campaign to campaign, bat ...
Ch 8 Sec 1 Review Questions.notebook
... 2a) What were the important features of the Roman Republic? Wanted some "say" NO KINGS! Senateelected by citizens represented the citizens made laws consulelected by citizens 1 year term 2 of them enforced laws leaders of the gov't had to agree veto power Dictator ...
... 2a) What were the important features of the Roman Republic? Wanted some "say" NO KINGS! Senateelected by citizens represented the citizens made laws consulelected by citizens 1 year term 2 of them enforced laws leaders of the gov't had to agree veto power Dictator ...
The praetor as a promoter of bonum commune
... That place we can fix as follows: wherever the praetor has determined to exercise jurisdiction, having due regard to the majesty of his own imperium and to the customs of our ancestors, that place is correctly called ius”17. That last statement explains why the initial phase of the two older types o ...
... That place we can fix as follows: wherever the praetor has determined to exercise jurisdiction, having due regard to the majesty of his own imperium and to the customs of our ancestors, that place is correctly called ius”17. That last statement explains why the initial phase of the two older types o ...
DEADLY STRUGGLES
... At this time a terrible famine is striking north central Europe. As a result, millions of Germanic tribesmen begin migrating to the southwest. The Romans, ever mindful of the Gallic invasion of 390 B.C. want their absolute best general to defend their country. That man is Gaius Marius. ...
... At this time a terrible famine is striking north central Europe. As a result, millions of Germanic tribesmen begin migrating to the southwest. The Romans, ever mindful of the Gallic invasion of 390 B.C. want their absolute best general to defend their country. That man is Gaius Marius. ...
Forerunners of the Gracchi
... the state, there was some conflict with the Senate which claimed that appeals should be presented not to the tribunes but to the senators as a body. In I93 when tribunes were preparing to examine the cases of soldiers in the urban legions who asked for dismissal because of illness or length of servi ...
... the state, there was some conflict with the Senate which claimed that appeals should be presented not to the tribunes but to the senators as a body. In I93 when tribunes were preparing to examine the cases of soldiers in the urban legions who asked for dismissal because of illness or length of servi ...
The Cambridge Companion to THE ROMAN REPUBLIC
... versity of Neuchâtel, Switzerland) received his Ph.D. from Columbia University in 1991. He is interested in the legal, economic, and social history of the Roman world and is currently working on the Theodosian Code. T. COREY BRENNAN (Associate Professor of Classics, Rutgers Uni- ...
... versity of Neuchâtel, Switzerland) received his Ph.D. from Columbia University in 1991. He is interested in the legal, economic, and social history of the Roman world and is currently working on the Theodosian Code. T. COREY BRENNAN (Associate Professor of Classics, Rutgers Uni- ...
The Professionalization of the Roman Army in the Second Century BC
... Volunteers and Professional before Marius •••••••• 136 Volunteerism in the Early Republic ••••••••••• 137 Evocati and Time-Expired Veterans •••••••••••• 142 Social Origins of the Voluntarii ••••••.•...••...• 144 The Career of Spurius Ligustinus ••••.•••••.•• l45 The Development of a Corporate Identi ...
... Volunteers and Professional before Marius •••••••• 136 Volunteerism in the Early Republic ••••••••••• 137 Evocati and Time-Expired Veterans •••••••••••• 142 Social Origins of the Voluntarii ••••••.•...••...• 144 The Career of Spurius Ligustinus ••••.•••••.•• l45 The Development of a Corporate Identi ...
Electoral Bribery in the Roman Republic Author(s): Andrew Lintott
... is pernicious, in that it distorts the democratic process, the selection by the people of their own representatives, by shifting whatever power lies in the generality of the electorate back into the hands of the people who seek office, so that a democratic procedure becomes in effect oligarchic. We ...
... is pernicious, in that it distorts the democratic process, the selection by the people of their own representatives, by shifting whatever power lies in the generality of the electorate back into the hands of the people who seek office, so that a democratic procedure becomes in effect oligarchic. We ...
aus: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 88 (1991) 291–295
... during which time its meaning changed in accordance with the character of the group of persons under the leadership of an individual. In a general sense, a phylarch was the head of a group of families, or of a body of people united by ties of descent from a common ancestor, or of an official in char ...
... during which time its meaning changed in accordance with the character of the group of persons under the leadership of an individual. In a general sense, a phylarch was the head of a group of families, or of a body of people united by ties of descent from a common ancestor, or of an official in char ...
Some Minor Magistrates of the Roman Republic
... the passage of the Lex Villia Annalis alone. Their names are frequently preserved by Livy, most often during his standard, annalistic accounts of the magistrates elected in each year and their assignments. Both Livy, and later political writers, most notably Cicero, include a large number of anecdot ...
... the passage of the Lex Villia Annalis alone. Their names are frequently preserved by Livy, most often during his standard, annalistic accounts of the magistrates elected in each year and their assignments. Both Livy, and later political writers, most notably Cicero, include a large number of anecdot ...
1 The Roman gens` influence on loci of power in
... period, it is hard to involve them in such a discussion. There is not enough information on priestly offices during the early Republic to be able to determine whether the gens had influence on these institutions as it appears to have had with political offices (Smith, 1996, p. 309). The ancient sour ...
... period, it is hard to involve them in such a discussion. There is not enough information on priestly offices during the early Republic to be able to determine whether the gens had influence on these institutions as it appears to have had with political offices (Smith, 1996, p. 309). The ancient sour ...
Sources A–T
... qualifications, a class of people who used not to be accepted by commanders in the past, who gave arms, like other honours, only to those in the right income groups — the idea being that the possession of property guaranteed a man’s loyalty to the state. But Marius made enemies in other ways than th ...
... qualifications, a class of people who used not to be accepted by commanders in the past, who gave arms, like other honours, only to those in the right income groups — the idea being that the possession of property guaranteed a man’s loyalty to the state. But Marius made enemies in other ways than th ...
“Where have all the leaders gone
... Catulus belonged to a consular family – his father had been consul in 102 and was executed by the Marians, which is sufficient to explain the son’s pro-Sullan stance. Cicero was a constant admirer – and that ought to make us wary. In the year after his consulship Catulus had to contend with the insu ...
... Catulus belonged to a consular family – his father had been consul in 102 and was executed by the Marians, which is sufficient to explain the son’s pro-Sullan stance. Cicero was a constant admirer – and that ought to make us wary. In the year after his consulship Catulus had to contend with the insu ...
Tekmeria - Journal
... Following are some characteristic examples of different types of resistance to Roman rule, in which the most prominent citizens of the Peloponnesian towns always play a central role either as inciters of an action of protest or as «channels» conveying complaints of the towns to the Roman authorities ...
... Following are some characteristic examples of different types of resistance to Roman rule, in which the most prominent citizens of the Peloponnesian towns always play a central role either as inciters of an action of protest or as «channels» conveying complaints of the towns to the Roman authorities ...
Legislative assemblies of the Roman Republic
The legislative assemblies of the Roman Republic were political institutions in the ancient Roman Republic. According to the contemporary historian Polybius, it was the people (and thus the assemblies) who had the final say regarding the election of magistrates, the enactment of new statutes, the carrying out of capital punishment, the declaration of war and peace, and the creation (or dissolution) of alliances. Under the Constitution of the Roman Republic, the people (and thus the assemblies) held the ultimate source of sovereignty.Since the Romans used a form of direct democracy, citizens, and not elected representatives, voted before each assembly. As such, the citizen-electors had no power, other than the power to cast a vote. Each assembly was presided over by a single Roman Magistrate, and as such, it was the presiding magistrate who made all decisions on matters of procedure and legality. Ultimately, the presiding magistrate's power over the assembly was nearly absolute. The only check on that power came in the form of vetoes handed down by other magistrates.In the Roman system of direct democracy, two primary types of gatherings were used to vote on legislative, electoral, and judicial matters. The first was the Assembly (comitia), which was a gathering that was deemed to represent the entire Roman people, even if it did not contain all of the Roman citizens or, like the comitia curiata, excluded a particular class of Roman citizens (the plebs). The second was the Council (concilium), which was a gathering of citizens of a specific class. In contrast, the Convention was an unofficial forum for communication. Conventions were simply forums where Romans met for specific unofficial purposes, such as, for example, to hear a political speech. Voters always assembled first into Conventions to hear debates and conduct other business before voting, and then into Assemblies or Councils to actually vote.