- onehome
... the aristocracy and enjoyed a monopoly of power—military, political, religious and legal; power was their birthright because only they had the expertise in these important fields. The plebeians were their dependents, relying on them for advice, financial help, and legal and religious assistance. The ...
... the aristocracy and enjoyed a monopoly of power—military, political, religious and legal; power was their birthright because only they had the expertise in these important fields. The plebeians were their dependents, relying on them for advice, financial help, and legal and religious assistance. The ...
ALEXANDER YAKOBSON, Cicero, the Constitution and the Roman
... precedent of sorts for the laws that gave legal sanction to autocracy). Specifically, in Caesar’s case, these laws put him at the head of the army that he later used to overthrow the Republic. The strongest link that can be established between the legislative ‘absolutism’ (41) of the popular assembl ...
... precedent of sorts for the laws that gave legal sanction to autocracy). Specifically, in Caesar’s case, these laws put him at the head of the army that he later used to overthrow the Republic. The strongest link that can be established between the legislative ‘absolutism’ (41) of the popular assembl ...
Study Notes on Cicero and Natural Law
... mighty Roman Republic imploded. The Roman Republic was a marvel of efficient and just (for its time), government. In addition to several lesser institutions, the Senate made laws, and two consuls, elected yearly, performed executive duties. As the Republic grew strong, it conquered rivals, and expan ...
... mighty Roman Republic imploded. The Roman Republic was a marvel of efficient and just (for its time), government. In addition to several lesser institutions, the Senate made laws, and two consuls, elected yearly, performed executive duties. As the Republic grew strong, it conquered rivals, and expan ...
Names of Historians for Different Periods of Ancient Rome
... account. The annales maximi were a register of annual events kept by the pontifex maximus, who was the head of the Roman board of priests called pontifices (sing., pontifex). These accounts are not preserved for us, though ancient references give us some notion about them. Every year the pontifex ma ...
... account. The annales maximi were a register of annual events kept by the pontifex maximus, who was the head of the Roman board of priests called pontifices (sing., pontifex). These accounts are not preserved for us, though ancient references give us some notion about them. Every year the pontifex ma ...
A Man For All Seasons
... would be measured for centuries. His actions are still considered the gold standard for leadership around the world. What became the standard by which Roman leaders would be measured for centuries? Cincinnatus’ bravery and honorable character became the standard by which Roman leaders would be measu ...
... would be measured for centuries. His actions are still considered the gold standard for leadership around the world. What became the standard by which Roman leaders would be measured for centuries? Cincinnatus’ bravery and honorable character became the standard by which Roman leaders would be measu ...
Electoral Bribery in the Roman Republic Author(s): Andrew Lintott
... is pernicious, in that it distorts the democratic process, the selection by the people of their own representatives, by shifting whatever power lies in the generality of the electorate back into the hands of the people who seek office, so that a democratic procedure becomes in effect oligarchic. We ...
... is pernicious, in that it distorts the democratic process, the selection by the people of their own representatives, by shifting whatever power lies in the generality of the electorate back into the hands of the people who seek office, so that a democratic procedure becomes in effect oligarchic. We ...
ROMAN HISTORY
... the controlling power in Italy, remain to us. These, by the accepted chronology, represent a period of four hundred and sixty years. Books XI-XX, being the second "decade," according to a division attributed to the fifth century of our era are missing. They covered seventy-five years, and brought t ...
... the controlling power in Italy, remain to us. These, by the accepted chronology, represent a period of four hundred and sixty years. Books XI-XX, being the second "decade," according to a division attributed to the fifth century of our era are missing. They covered seventy-five years, and brought t ...
The History of Rome, Book II
... that the "king for offering sacrifice" (-rex sacrorum- or -sacrificulus-) --whom they considered it their duty to create that the gods might not miss their accustomed mediator--should be disqualified from holding any further office, so that this man became the foremost indeed, but also the most ...
... that the "king for offering sacrifice" (-rex sacrorum- or -sacrificulus-) --whom they considered it their duty to create that the gods might not miss their accustomed mediator--should be disqualified from holding any further office, so that this man became the foremost indeed, but also the most ...
CICERO AND THE TRIAL OF VERRES1 Toe legal
... wine, olive oil and fruit, and of harbour dues were by Verres' time as governor awarded in Rome. Every five years the censors in Rome called for tenders for the collection of the various taxes in the provinces, and companies of financiers (publicani) bid for the business. Contracts for specific tax ...
... wine, olive oil and fruit, and of harbour dues were by Verres' time as governor awarded in Rome. Every five years the censors in Rome called for tenders for the collection of the various taxes in the provinces, and companies of financiers (publicani) bid for the business. Contracts for specific tax ...
History of Rome from the Earliest Times Down to 476 AD
... Volsinii, the head of the confederacy, Veii, Volaterrae, Caere, and Clusium. This people also formed scattering settlements in other parts of Italy, but gained no firm foothold. At one time, in the sixth century, they were in power at Rome. Corsica, too, was at this time under their control. Their c ...
... Volsinii, the head of the confederacy, Veii, Volaterrae, Caere, and Clusium. This people also formed scattering settlements in other parts of Italy, but gained no firm foothold. At one time, in the sixth century, they were in power at Rome. Corsica, too, was at this time under their control. Their c ...
The Lex Sempronia Agraria: A Soldier`s Stipendum
... cities, especially Rome, to take advantage of the economic boom that was still going on in 133 BCE. What enticement was there for citizens to go fight for meager pay in the face of this booming economy? Lastly, it was an important element of the mos maiorum or ancient customs of the Roman people to ...
... cities, especially Rome, to take advantage of the economic boom that was still going on in 133 BCE. What enticement was there for citizens to go fight for meager pay in the face of this booming economy? Lastly, it was an important element of the mos maiorum or ancient customs of the Roman people to ...
aus: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 92 (1992) 181–195
... previous tenure of the praetorship was a necessary qualification for the consulship prior to Sulla's legislation and further that there are strong grounds for assigning this regulation to 197 or soon after; so that it is not likely to have formed part of the Lex Villia. On the other hand there is re ...
... previous tenure of the praetorship was a necessary qualification for the consulship prior to Sulla's legislation and further that there are strong grounds for assigning this regulation to 197 or soon after; so that it is not likely to have formed part of the Lex Villia. On the other hand there is re ...
Augustus and the Principate
... Last but not least there was ‘the people’: Popular assemblies of the common Roman citizens. Historians still debate what ‘the people’ consisted of at these assemblies, as it is hard to imagine how in Polybius’ day over four hundred thousand men could gather to vote on issues at a single spot.31 It i ...
... Last but not least there was ‘the people’: Popular assemblies of the common Roman citizens. Historians still debate what ‘the people’ consisted of at these assemblies, as it is hard to imagine how in Polybius’ day over four hundred thousand men could gather to vote on issues at a single spot.31 It i ...
Master`s thesis - MD-SOAR
... destroyed the entire city thus transporting the entirety of its population to Rome, and added its wealthy classes to the Roman nobility. Another incident was where Rome subjugated the Sabines and in doing so appointed 100 new senators to the king’s cabinet from the Sabine families in order to show ...
... destroyed the entire city thus transporting the entirety of its population to Rome, and added its wealthy classes to the Roman nobility. Another incident was where Rome subjugated the Sabines and in doing so appointed 100 new senators to the king’s cabinet from the Sabine families in order to show ...
Caesar`s Rule and Caesar`s Death : Who Lost? Who Gained?
... proscriptions, and another civil war. These horrors were followed by a decade of political and social turbulence. Within less than two decades of Julius Caesar’s murder these effects would combine to emasculate all surviving forms of Republican government, which became subservient to one man who rea ...
... proscriptions, and another civil war. These horrors were followed by a decade of political and social turbulence. Within less than two decades of Julius Caesar’s murder these effects would combine to emasculate all surviving forms of Republican government, which became subservient to one man who rea ...
May 2013 - CSUN ScholarWorks - California State University
... The assassination of Tiberius Gracchus in 133 B.C.E. came to be seen by later historians, both ancient and modern, as a watershed moment in the history of Rome’s Republic for two reasons. First, it was thought to have been the first instance of bloodshed in the “Struggle of the Orders” that had exis ...
... The assassination of Tiberius Gracchus in 133 B.C.E. came to be seen by later historians, both ancient and modern, as a watershed moment in the history of Rome’s Republic for two reasons. First, it was thought to have been the first instance of bloodshed in the “Struggle of the Orders” that had exis ...
Layout 2 - McGill University
... of larger works (Livy’s Periochae) or else are so brief as to be of little use to historians (Veilleius, Valerius Maximus). The two principal sources upon which we must rely for any understanding of the years between 133 and 123 are the biographies of the Gracchi written by Plutarch most likely towa ...
... of larger works (Livy’s Periochae) or else are so brief as to be of little use to historians (Veilleius, Valerius Maximus). The two principal sources upon which we must rely for any understanding of the years between 133 and 123 are the biographies of the Gracchi written by Plutarch most likely towa ...
RETHINKING SULLA: THE CASE OF THE ROMAN SENATE*
... outside Rome, it remains unclear why they now tended to stay (they did not, after all, receive new responsibilities as the praetors did which prevented their departure). F. Pina Polo, The consul at Rome (Cambridge, 2011), 316-28 discusses the change in the tempo of political life which followed from ...
... outside Rome, it remains unclear why they now tended to stay (they did not, after all, receive new responsibilities as the praetors did which prevented their departure). F. Pina Polo, The consul at Rome (Cambridge, 2011), 316-28 discusses the change in the tempo of political life which followed from ...
Europe: 100 BC to 0
... had instituted a reign of terror, dissolved the Senate and ruled with "iron hands" until Marius' death. When Sulla returned he made himself a dictator and while restoring law and order and the Senate to power, he desolated large parts of Italy, executing over 5,000 people. He tried to establish a pe ...
... had instituted a reign of terror, dissolved the Senate and ruled with "iron hands" until Marius' death. When Sulla returned he made himself a dictator and while restoring law and order and the Senate to power, he desolated large parts of Italy, executing over 5,000 people. He tried to establish a pe ...
1 The Roman gens` influence on loci of power in
... while the other was left in charge of the city (Livy, Rom. Hist., 4.59.1; Diod. Sic., Lib. Hist., 14.12.1). In 402 BCE, neither Q. Servilius nor C. Servilius were given the command to lead against Veii, though both were consular tribunes (Livy, Rom. Hist., 5.8.1; Diod. Sic., Lib. Hist., 14.38.1). Du ...
... while the other was left in charge of the city (Livy, Rom. Hist., 4.59.1; Diod. Sic., Lib. Hist., 14.12.1). In 402 BCE, neither Q. Servilius nor C. Servilius were given the command to lead against Veii, though both were consular tribunes (Livy, Rom. Hist., 5.8.1; Diod. Sic., Lib. Hist., 14.38.1). Du ...
Tyrants and Tyranny in the Late Roman Republic
... the seventh and last king of Rome, and became the first consul of the Roman Republic. Many generations later, another Brutus – Marcus Junius Brutus, of Shakespearean fame – tried to liberate Rome from a new tyrant, but fell short of his ancestor’s legacy. As Cicero lamented in his De Officiis, “If o ...
... the seventh and last king of Rome, and became the first consul of the Roman Republic. Many generations later, another Brutus – Marcus Junius Brutus, of Shakespearean fame – tried to liberate Rome from a new tyrant, but fell short of his ancestor’s legacy. As Cicero lamented in his De Officiis, “If o ...
exemplars and commentary
... Caesar? After Augustusʼ first sett none left, great men such as Cicero and Brutus had been killed or prescribed by Augustus, this coupled with the three revisions of the senate allowed Augustus to further cull any future opposition. The so called republic that he restored is now corrupt with bribery ...
... Caesar? After Augustusʼ first sett none left, great men such as Cicero and Brutus had been killed or prescribed by Augustus, this coupled with the three revisions of the senate allowed Augustus to further cull any future opposition. The so called republic that he restored is now corrupt with bribery ...
The Nobility under Augustus Spencer Williams
... Republic shifted. The culture of Republican nobility with its themes of balance, mutual celebration, and cooperation, yielded to the force of Augustus. In the new culture that emerged in its place, the nobility were dependent on a princeps, “the first man.” While the scholarship on this transition p ...
... Republic shifted. The culture of Republican nobility with its themes of balance, mutual celebration, and cooperation, yielded to the force of Augustus. In the new culture that emerged in its place, the nobility were dependent on a princeps, “the first man.” While the scholarship on this transition p ...
RRP Final Draft Admas - 2010
... For the Romans, Pompey literally did a lot of good things and therefore the name was greatly deserved. “For the name had become familiar and no longer invidious” (Plutarch 13). Rome really trusted Pompey as a statesman. They had so much trust that they would let Pompey run the whole city by himself. ...
... For the Romans, Pompey literally did a lot of good things and therefore the name was greatly deserved. “For the name had become familiar and no longer invidious” (Plutarch 13). Rome really trusted Pompey as a statesman. They had so much trust that they would let Pompey run the whole city by himself. ...
Constitution of the Roman Republic
The Constitution of the Roman Republic was a set of guidelines and principles passed down mainly through precedent. The constitution was largely unwritten and uncodified, and evolved over time. Rather than creating a government that was primarily a democracy (as was ancient Athens), an aristocracy (as was ancient Sparta), or a monarchy (as was Rome before and, in many respects, after the Republic), the Roman constitution mixed these three elements, thus creating three separate branches of government. The democratic element took the form of the legislative assemblies, the aristocratic element took the form of the Senate, and the monarchical element took the form of the many term-limited consuls.The ultimate source of sovereignty in this ancient republic, as in modern republics, was the demos (people). The people of Rome gathered into legislative assemblies to pass laws and to elect executive magistrates. Election to a magisterial office resulted in automatic membership in the Senate (for life, unless impeached). The Senate managed the day-to-day affairs in Rome, while senators presided over the courts. Executive magistrates enforced the law, and presided over the Senate and the legislative assemblies. A complex set of checks and balances developed between these three branches, so as to minimize the risk of tyranny and corruption, and to maximize the likelihood of good government. However, the separation of powers between these three branches of government was not absolute; and moreover, several constitutional devices that were out of harmony with the Roman constitution were used frequently. A constitutional crisis began in 133 BC, as a result of the struggles between the aristocracy and the common people. This crisis ultimately led to the collapse of the Roman Republic and its eventual subversion into a much more autocratic form of government, the Roman Empire.