Microbiology
... 3. Gram-negative bacteria are coloured red because they take up the stain safranine a. Their cell walls are made of: a second, outer layer of lipid and carbohydrate molecules ...
... 3. Gram-negative bacteria are coloured red because they take up the stain safranine a. Their cell walls are made of: a second, outer layer of lipid and carbohydrate molecules ...
File - Down the Rabbit Hole
... Use a color pigment marker that is present when a particular enzyme is present ...
... Use a color pigment marker that is present when a particular enzyme is present ...
Food preservation - Eduspace
... Which conditions cause bacteria to reproduce? Bacteria reproduce in warm, moist conditions. They require nutrients, water and good temperature Which conditions prevent bacteria growth? Bacteria do not reproduce in cold or dry conditions. Salt and acids can kill bacteria or prevent bacteria reproduct ...
... Which conditions cause bacteria to reproduce? Bacteria reproduce in warm, moist conditions. They require nutrients, water and good temperature Which conditions prevent bacteria growth? Bacteria do not reproduce in cold or dry conditions. Salt and acids can kill bacteria or prevent bacteria reproduct ...
Classification_Lowy
... There is a chart at the end of these lecture notes on the general phenotypic classification of many of the clinically important bacteria. This is provided as a reference. By the end of the course you will be able to recognize most of these microorganisms. Gram stain and bacterial morphology: Of all ...
... There is a chart at the end of these lecture notes on the general phenotypic classification of many of the clinically important bacteria. This is provided as a reference. By the end of the course you will be able to recognize most of these microorganisms. Gram stain and bacterial morphology: Of all ...
The Bacteria - De Anza College
... Fimbriae vs Pili These structures consist of a protein called pilin ...
... Fimbriae vs Pili These structures consist of a protein called pilin ...
Bacterial Classification, Structure and Function
... strand. The final step is the transpeptidation reaction catalyzed by a transpeptidase enzyme (also called penicillin binding proteins) that crosslinks the growing strand with others. ...
... strand. The final step is the transpeptidation reaction catalyzed by a transpeptidase enzyme (also called penicillin binding proteins) that crosslinks the growing strand with others. ...
microbial growth requirements
... aerotolerant; organisms that cannot use oxygen for growth but they tolerate it fairly well. They produce the enzyme superoxide dismutase. Microaerophilic; organism that require oxygen concentrations at lower levels than those found in air. Capnophilic; organisms that have environment rich in carbon ...
... aerotolerant; organisms that cannot use oxygen for growth but they tolerate it fairly well. They produce the enzyme superoxide dismutase. Microaerophilic; organism that require oxygen concentrations at lower levels than those found in air. Capnophilic; organisms that have environment rich in carbon ...
Viruses and Monera
... We’re not all bad…. Bacteria are most widely known for causing diseases such as strep throat, tetanus, meningitis, and tuberculosis. However, most bacteria are very useful: E. coli helps us digest our food. Many are important decomposers in our ecosystem. Rhizobium provides plants with nitro ...
... We’re not all bad…. Bacteria are most widely known for causing diseases such as strep throat, tetanus, meningitis, and tuberculosis. However, most bacteria are very useful: E. coli helps us digest our food. Many are important decomposers in our ecosystem. Rhizobium provides plants with nitro ...
Foods Made Using Bacteria
... year or more; and very hard cheeses, like Parmesan, can take twelve to eighteen months. The blue veins found in cheeses, like Stilton and Roquefort, are caused by growth Penicillium roqueforti, which is deliberately added now to cheese. Originally, it was found as a natural contaminant of the areas ...
... year or more; and very hard cheeses, like Parmesan, can take twelve to eighteen months. The blue veins found in cheeses, like Stilton and Roquefort, are caused by growth Penicillium roqueforti, which is deliberately added now to cheese. Originally, it was found as a natural contaminant of the areas ...
Review of Key Microbial Groups
... common in soil; includes botulism & tetanus; significant contaminant in food industry & medicine Bacillus: Facultatively anaerobic, spore-forming rods; common in soil; frequent contaminant; includes Bacillus anthracis Mycoplasma: Have no cell walls; respiratory tract flora & pathogens of humans & ot ...
... common in soil; includes botulism & tetanus; significant contaminant in food industry & medicine Bacillus: Facultatively anaerobic, spore-forming rods; common in soil; frequent contaminant; includes Bacillus anthracis Mycoplasma: Have no cell walls; respiratory tract flora & pathogens of humans & ot ...
Taxonomy - Bosna Sema
... into group based on their similarities and relationship. On the many classification that systems were developed the one designed by Carlos Linnaeus has survived with some modification to the present day. Use of analogues organs in classification was replaced with use of homologues organs. Scientist ...
... into group based on their similarities and relationship. On the many classification that systems were developed the one designed by Carlos Linnaeus has survived with some modification to the present day. Use of analogues organs in classification was replaced with use of homologues organs. Scientist ...
1 INTRODUCTION I Bacterial Morphology and Classification
... 4. Opportunistic pathogen: These are commensals which can cause disease when they gain access to other sites or tissues (non-enterotoxin producing E. coli when they gain access to the urinary tract). Opportunistic infections can arise when the host immune defenses are impaired ...
... 4. Opportunistic pathogen: These are commensals which can cause disease when they gain access to other sites or tissues (non-enterotoxin producing E. coli when they gain access to the urinary tract). Opportunistic infections can arise when the host immune defenses are impaired ...
lec3
... 2. Moderate activity against gram negative bacteria. 3. some activity against pseudomonas aerogenosa ...
... 2. Moderate activity against gram negative bacteria. 3. some activity against pseudomonas aerogenosa ...
Microlog Minutes/1
... NOTE: It will not be streaked for isolation. Try growing the organism at different temperatures to find optimum growth temperature. Try using 26°C, 30°C or 35-37°C. Remember that the optimum temperature used for growing the organism is the same temperature that should be used for incubating the Micr ...
... NOTE: It will not be streaked for isolation. Try growing the organism at different temperatures to find optimum growth temperature. Try using 26°C, 30°C or 35-37°C. Remember that the optimum temperature used for growing the organism is the same temperature that should be used for incubating the Micr ...
Bad news to Bad bugs: Northern Antibiotics develops novel
... In vivo rat studies also show remarkable differences in parameters that are considered to indicate early kidney damage, such as serum urea nitrogen, albuminuria and cylindrouria. The derivatives fall in to two groups that differ in their mode of action. The lead compound of the first group, NAB 7061 ...
... In vivo rat studies also show remarkable differences in parameters that are considered to indicate early kidney damage, such as serum urea nitrogen, albuminuria and cylindrouria. The derivatives fall in to two groups that differ in their mode of action. The lead compound of the first group, NAB 7061 ...
Type 2, Unicellular - Association of Surgical Technologists
... a common cause of surgical site infections. Legionella pneumophila (transmission electron micrograph) is Gramnegative,rod-shaped bacteria that causes Legionnaires’disease ...
... a common cause of surgical site infections. Legionella pneumophila (transmission electron micrograph) is Gramnegative,rod-shaped bacteria that causes Legionnaires’disease ...
3.1.3 Monera, e.g. Bacteria
... Endospore formation Cell Parts & Function Cell wall - shape & structure Cytoplasm - contains ribosomes and storage granules but no mitochondria or chloroplasts Nuclear material - single chromosome of DNA Capsule* - protection Flagella* - movement Plasmid* - circular piece of DNA containing few genes ...
... Endospore formation Cell Parts & Function Cell wall - shape & structure Cytoplasm - contains ribosomes and storage granules but no mitochondria or chloroplasts Nuclear material - single chromosome of DNA Capsule* - protection Flagella* - movement Plasmid* - circular piece of DNA containing few genes ...
Brown garden snail: Their microbial associates a proposal to use
... Department of Entomology and Nematology and Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. Helix aspersa, the Brown Garden Snail, is a common terrestrial mollusk in California. It is native to the Mediterranean and was introduced to Santa Rosa, California in the 1850’ ...
... Department of Entomology and Nematology and Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. Helix aspersa, the Brown Garden Snail, is a common terrestrial mollusk in California. It is native to the Mediterranean and was introduced to Santa Rosa, California in the 1850’ ...
Shape Matters: Why bacteria care how they look
... cells: nonmotile rods, cocci, motile rods and filaments. shapes (here singular, paired Does shape change have anything to do with pathogenesis? and filamentous in red) © CDC For fungi we know it does. Most pathogenic fungi are dimorphic, with yeast and hyphal (filamentous) stages, and only one form ...
... cells: nonmotile rods, cocci, motile rods and filaments. shapes (here singular, paired Does shape change have anything to do with pathogenesis? and filamentous in red) © CDC For fungi we know it does. Most pathogenic fungi are dimorphic, with yeast and hyphal (filamentous) stages, and only one form ...
幻灯片 1
... Endospores (Spores) •A highly resistant resting structure produced within a bacterium. It enables the bacterium in soil to survive many years. It can withstand heating, freezing, chemicals and radiation. •Spore has no ability for propagation (multiplication). •Under favorable conditions, one spore ...
... Endospores (Spores) •A highly resistant resting structure produced within a bacterium. It enables the bacterium in soil to survive many years. It can withstand heating, freezing, chemicals and radiation. •Spore has no ability for propagation (multiplication). •Under favorable conditions, one spore ...
Mastering Concepts 17.1 1. What are two domains that contain
... that they share a close evolutionary relationship. Instead, the evidence shows a closer relationship between the archaea and the eukaryotes. 3. Give five examples that illustrate how bacteria and archaea are important to other types of organisms. Prokaryotes play a vital role in global nutrient cycl ...
... that they share a close evolutionary relationship. Instead, the evidence shows a closer relationship between the archaea and the eukaryotes. 3. Give five examples that illustrate how bacteria and archaea are important to other types of organisms. Prokaryotes play a vital role in global nutrient cycl ...
Special structure
... positive or gram negative based on differences in cell wall structure and their response to Gram staining. Gram-positive walls have thick,homogeneous layers of peptidoglycan and teichoid acid. Gramnegative bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan layer surrounded by a complex outer membrane containing lip ...
... positive or gram negative based on differences in cell wall structure and their response to Gram staining. Gram-positive walls have thick,homogeneous layers of peptidoglycan and teichoid acid. Gramnegative bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan layer surrounded by a complex outer membrane containing lip ...
From lec. 2, Kluyver and van Niel proposed that all photosynthetic
... A similar process occurs in photosynthetic organisms, i.e. they use membrane-bound proteins to pass electrons down a gradient, generating a proton motive force. ...
... A similar process occurs in photosynthetic organisms, i.e. they use membrane-bound proteins to pass electrons down a gradient, generating a proton motive force. ...
Document
... enzyme, fragments of different lengths are generated. By performing a Gel electrophoresis with the digested samples, the fragments can be visualised as lines on the gel, where larger fragments are close to the start of the gel, and smaller fragments further down. ...
... enzyme, fragments of different lengths are generated. By performing a Gel electrophoresis with the digested samples, the fragments can be visualised as lines on the gel, where larger fragments are close to the start of the gel, and smaller fragments further down. ...
Chapter 24-Bacteria
... • Bacteria MOST susceptible die FIRST; however, a few MUTANT resistant bacteria SURVIVE and continue to grow with RESISTANCE. NOTE: Bacterial DEFENSES include cell walls that PREVENT passage of the antibiotic as well as secretion of bacterial ENZYMES that destroy or alter the antibiotic, REDUCING it ...
... • Bacteria MOST susceptible die FIRST; however, a few MUTANT resistant bacteria SURVIVE and continue to grow with RESISTANCE. NOTE: Bacterial DEFENSES include cell walls that PREVENT passage of the antibiotic as well as secretion of bacterial ENZYMES that destroy or alter the antibiotic, REDUCING it ...
Bacteria
Bacteria (/bækˈtɪəriə/; singular: bacterium) constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a number of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals. Bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats. Bacteria inhabit soil, water, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, and the deep portions of Earth's crust. Bacteria also live in symbiotic and parasitic relationships with plants and animals. They are also known to have flourished in manned spacecraft.There are typically 40 million bacterial cells in a gram of soil and a million bacterial cells in a millilitre of fresh water. There are approximately 5×1030 bacteria on Earth, forming a biomass which exceeds that of all plants and animals. Bacteria are vital in recycling nutrients, with many of the stages in nutrient cycles dependent on these organisms, such as the fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere and putrefaction. In the biological communities surrounding hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, bacteria provide the nutrients needed to sustain life by converting dissolved compounds, such as hydrogen sulphide and methane, to energy. On 17 March 2013, researchers reported data that suggested bacterial life forms thrive in the Mariana Trench, which with a depth of up to 11 kilometres is the deepest part of the Earth's oceans. Other researchers reported related studies that microbes thrive inside rocks up to 580 metres below the sea floor under 2.6 kilometres of ocean off the coast of the northwestern United States. According to one of the researchers, ""You can find microbes everywhere — they're extremely adaptable to conditions, and survive wherever they are.""Most bacteria have not been characterized, and only about half of the phyla of bacteria have species that can be grown in the laboratory. The study of bacteria is known as bacteriology, a branch of microbiology.There are approximately ten times as many bacterial cells in the human flora as there are human cells in the body, with the largest number of the human flora being in the gut flora, and a large number on the skin. The vast majority of the bacteria in the body are rendered harmless by the protective effects of the immune system, and some are beneficial. However, several species of bacteria are pathogenic and cause infectious diseases, including cholera, syphilis, anthrax, leprosy, and bubonic plague. The most common fatal bacterial diseases are respiratory infections, with tuberculosis alone killing about 2 million people per year, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa. In developed countries, antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections and are also used in farming, making antibiotic resistance a growing problem. In industry, bacteria are important in sewage treatment and the breakdown of oil spills, the production of cheese and yogurt through fermentation, and the recovery of gold, palladium, copper and other metals in the mining sector, as well as in biotechnology, and the manufacture of antibiotics and other chemicals.Once regarded as plants constituting the class Schizomycetes, bacteria are now classified as prokaryotes. Unlike cells of animals and other eukaryotes, bacterial cells do not contain a nucleus and rarely harbour membrane-bound organelles. Although the term bacteria traditionally included all prokaryotes, the scientific classification changed after the discovery in the 1990s that prokaryotes consist of two very different groups of organisms that evolved from an ancient common ancestor. These evolutionary domains are called Bacteria and Archaea.