Observation of a collimated bunch of high
... there is a sizeable number of electrons up to energies of several tens of MeV. The energy distribution is strongly depressed at the lower energies side due to the electron absorption by the thin quartz plate 100 m thick, used to collect the transmitted laser radiation (see g.1). Due to the very s ...
... there is a sizeable number of electrons up to energies of several tens of MeV. The energy distribution is strongly depressed at the lower energies side due to the electron absorption by the thin quartz plate 100 m thick, used to collect the transmitted laser radiation (see g.1). Due to the very s ...
Measuring the Hyperfine Splittings of Lowest Energy Atomic
... thanks to Dennis and Barbara Graber; although you don’t remember the last time you could help with my math homework, none of this would be possible without your unending love and support. ...
... thanks to Dennis and Barbara Graber; although you don’t remember the last time you could help with my math homework, none of this would be possible without your unending love and support. ...
INFRA-RED OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS*
... of the laser was the beginning of renewed interest in the use of optical frequencies for communication purposes. Here was a source which was extremely bright and which emitted light that was coherent, just as radio waves are coherent. What one could do at radio frequencies was now possible at optica ...
... of the laser was the beginning of renewed interest in the use of optical frequencies for communication purposes. Here was a source which was extremely bright and which emitted light that was coherent, just as radio waves are coherent. What one could do at radio frequencies was now possible at optica ...
Laser multipass system with interior cell configuration
... have used a particular multipass cell configuration [14,15]. The major components of the Raman multipass cell are (i) a pair of 50:2 mm diameter concave mirrors made out of BK7 glass with a 100:0 mm radius of curvature, separated by a distance of about 200 mm. The nominal reflectivity of the mirrors ...
... have used a particular multipass cell configuration [14,15]. The major components of the Raman multipass cell are (i) a pair of 50:2 mm diameter concave mirrors made out of BK7 glass with a 100:0 mm radius of curvature, separated by a distance of about 200 mm. The nominal reflectivity of the mirrors ...
Doppler-Free Saturated Absorption Spectroscopy of Rubidium Using a Tunable Diode Laser
... was arranged as shown in Figure 2. The optical isolator was aligned to maximize transmission, and the half-wave plate was adjusted such that one to two mW of power was going into the saturated absorption spectroscopy setup. A function generator (Simpson 420) was connected to the tunable diode laser’ ...
... was arranged as shown in Figure 2. The optical isolator was aligned to maximize transmission, and the half-wave plate was adjusted such that one to two mW of power was going into the saturated absorption spectroscopy setup. A function generator (Simpson 420) was connected to the tunable diode laser’ ...
Quantum Noise in Linear Amplifiers Revisited
... bounded A(ν) in terms of the amplifier gain γ(ν) (in photons), A(ν) ≥ 12 1 − γ −1 (ν) . As γ(ν) → ∞, A(ν) → 21 , i. e. half a photon is added to the signal. Noise density can be well approximated in the high-gain regime by kB T + hν. This noise model is built on the wave nature of light and makes e ...
... bounded A(ν) in terms of the amplifier gain γ(ν) (in photons), A(ν) ≥ 12 1 − γ −1 (ν) . As γ(ν) → ∞, A(ν) → 21 , i. e. half a photon is added to the signal. Noise density can be well approximated in the high-gain regime by kB T + hν. This noise model is built on the wave nature of light and makes e ...
Photonic laser thruster
A photonic laser thruster is an amplified laser thruster that generates thrust directly from the laser photon momentum, rather than laser-heating propellant. The concept of single-bounce laser-pushed lightsails that utilize the photon momentum was first developed in the 1960s, however, its conversion of laser power to thrust is highly inefficient, thus has been considered impractical. Over 50 years, there had been numerous theoretical and experimental efforts to increase the conversion efficiency by recycling photons, bouncing them repetitively between two reflective mirrors in an empty optical cavity, without success. In December 2006, Young Bae successfully solved this problem and demonstrated the conversion efficiency enhancement by a factor of 100 and a photon thrust of 35 micronewtons by putting the laser energizing media between the two mirrors as in typical lasers, and the photonic laser thruster was born. In August 2015, the photonic laser thruster was demonstrated to increase the conversion efficiency enhancement by a factor over 1,000 and to achieve a photon thrust of 3.5 millinewtons at Y.K. Bae Corporation. In addition, Propelling, slowing and stopping of a small satellite, 1U CubeSat, in simulated zero-gravity were demonstrated. The photonic laser thruster was initially developed for use in nanometer precision spacecraft formation, for forming ultralarge space telescopes and radars. The photonic laser thruster is currently developed for high-precision and high-speed maneuver of small spacecraft, such as formation flying, orbit adjustments, drag compensation, and rendezvous and docking. The photonic laser thruster can be used for beaming thrust from a conventional heavy resource vehicle to a more expensive & lightweight mission vehicle, similar to tankers in aerial refueling.The practical usage of the photonic laser thruster for main space propulsion would require extremely high laser powers and overcoming technological challenges in achieving the laser power and fabricating the required optics. Photonic laser thrusters have a very high specific impulse, and can permit spacecraft reach much higher speeds than with conventional rockets, which are limited by the Tsiolkovsky rocket equation. If the photonic laser thruster is scalable for the use in such main space propulsion, multiple photonic laser thrusters can be used to construct a 'photonic railway' that has been proposed as a potential permanent transport infrastructure for interplanetary or interstellar commutes, allowing the transport craft themselves to carry very little fuel.