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Injection plug length
Injection plug length

... • Separation is carried out by applying a high potential (10-30 kV) to a narrow (25-75 pm) fused silica capillary filled with a mobile phase. The mobile phase generally contains an aqueous component and must contain an electrolyte. Analytes migrate in the applied electric field at a rate dependent o ...
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Presentation silde on Ampere`s Law and Guases Law

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... Unit of charge is measured in coulombs, C. The charge of an electron is the fundamental charge = 1.6  10-19 C. k is the proportionality constant 9.0  109 N • m2/C2 that converts units to force in Coulomb’s law • like signs of charge — force is repulsion • unlike signs of charge — force is attracti ...
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Gauss` Law - University of Colorado Boulder

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... such as polymers, the exclusion is primarily driven by excluded volume interactions. However, the exclusion of co-solvents, such as electrolytes, can be caused by other mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the literature on interparticle depletion forces that arise from repulsive image-charge fo ...
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Electric charge



Electric charge is the physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. There are two types of electric charges: positive and negative. Positively charged substances are repelled from other positively charged substances, but attracted to negatively charged substances; negatively charged substances are repelled from negative and attracted to positive. An object is negatively charged if it has an excess of electrons, and is otherwise positively charged or uncharged. The SI derived unit of electric charge is the coulomb (C), although in electrical engineering it is also common to use the ampere-hour (Ah), and in chemistry it is common to use the elementary charge (e) as a unit. The symbol Q is often used to denote charge. The early knowledge of how charged substances interact is now called classical electrodynamics, and is still very accurate if quantum effects do not need to be considered.The electric charge is a fundamental conserved property of some subatomic particles, which determines their electromagnetic interaction. Electrically charged matter is influenced by, and produces, electromagnetic fields. The interaction between a moving charge and an electromagnetic field is the source of the electromagnetic force, which is one of the four fundamental forces (See also: magnetic field).Twentieth-century experiments demonstrated that electric charge is quantized; that is, it comes in integer multiples of individual small units called the elementary charge, e, approximately equal to 6981160200000000000♠1.602×10−19 coulombs (except for particles called quarks, which have charges that are integer multiples of e/3). The proton has a charge of +e, and the electron has a charge of −e. The study of charged particles, and how their interactions are mediated by photons, is called quantum electrodynamics.
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