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Honors Physics Unit 10 Notes
Honors Physics Unit 10 Notes

... • Insulators and conductors can be charged by contact. • Conductors can be charged by induction. • Induction is a process of charging a conductor by bringing it near another charged object and grounding the conductor. ...
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... The total electric flux through the pyramid, ΦE,square+ ΦE,4slanted, vanishes since the electric field is constant and no charges inside it. Thus the flux through the four slanted surfaces is, up to the sign, the same as through the square base: ΦE,square = EA cos180o = 52x62≃ −1.872x103 Nm2 C = −1. ...
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... Fluctuation of topological charges in the presence of magnetic field induces electric current which will separate different charges Lattice gauge theory The excess of electric charge density due to the applied magnetic field. Red — positive charges, blue — negative charges. P.V.Buividovich et al., P ...
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Electric charge



Electric charge is the physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. There are two types of electric charges: positive and negative. Positively charged substances are repelled from other positively charged substances, but attracted to negatively charged substances; negatively charged substances are repelled from negative and attracted to positive. An object is negatively charged if it has an excess of electrons, and is otherwise positively charged or uncharged. The SI derived unit of electric charge is the coulomb (C), although in electrical engineering it is also common to use the ampere-hour (Ah), and in chemistry it is common to use the elementary charge (e) as a unit. The symbol Q is often used to denote charge. The early knowledge of how charged substances interact is now called classical electrodynamics, and is still very accurate if quantum effects do not need to be considered.The electric charge is a fundamental conserved property of some subatomic particles, which determines their electromagnetic interaction. Electrically charged matter is influenced by, and produces, electromagnetic fields. The interaction between a moving charge and an electromagnetic field is the source of the electromagnetic force, which is one of the four fundamental forces (See also: magnetic field).Twentieth-century experiments demonstrated that electric charge is quantized; that is, it comes in integer multiples of individual small units called the elementary charge, e, approximately equal to 6981160200000000000♠1.602×10−19 coulombs (except for particles called quarks, which have charges that are integer multiples of e/3). The proton has a charge of +e, and the electron has a charge of −e. The study of charged particles, and how their interactions are mediated by photons, is called quantum electrodynamics.
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