103. Oxalates as Activating Groups for Alcohols in Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis: Formation of Quaternary Centers by Redox-Neutral Fragment Coupling
... 93% yield). Cyclopentanol-derived oxalates also underwent coupling in good yield (33 and 39, 85−92% yield), but very low conversion was observed for 1-methylcyclopropanol- and 1methylcyclobutanol-derived oxalates. Heterocycles (e.g., pyrrolidines, piperidines, tetrahydrofurans, pyridines, and indole ...
... 93% yield). Cyclopentanol-derived oxalates also underwent coupling in good yield (33 and 39, 85−92% yield), but very low conversion was observed for 1-methylcyclopropanol- and 1methylcyclobutanol-derived oxalates. Heterocycles (e.g., pyrrolidines, piperidines, tetrahydrofurans, pyridines, and indole ...
Electrochemistry
... (voltage) and current from chemical reactions. The current is caused by the reactions releasing and accepting electrons at the different ends of a conductor. An electrochemical cell consists of two half-cells. The two half-cells may use the same electrolyte, or they may use different electrolytes. E ...
... (voltage) and current from chemical reactions. The current is caused by the reactions releasing and accepting electrons at the different ends of a conductor. An electrochemical cell consists of two half-cells. The two half-cells may use the same electrolyte, or they may use different electrolytes. E ...
4.9 Preparation of Alkyl Halides from Alcohols and Hydrogen Halides
... Figure 4.9 Stabilization of carbocations via the inductive effect ...
... Figure 4.9 Stabilization of carbocations via the inductive effect ...
Salt-Doped Polymer Light-Emitting Devices
... Polymer Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells (PLECs) are solid state devices based on the in situ electrochemical doping of the luminescent polymer and the formation of a p-n junction where light is emitted upon the application of a bias current or voltage. PLECs answer the drawbacks of polymer ligh ...
... Polymer Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells (PLECs) are solid state devices based on the in situ electrochemical doping of the luminescent polymer and the formation of a p-n junction where light is emitted upon the application of a bias current or voltage. PLECs answer the drawbacks of polymer ligh ...
Pseudoasymmetry as a Means for Distinguishing Meso
... be extended to include systems which correspond to axial and planar chirality.8 Thus, systems with planar and axial pseudoasymmetry are possible, and molecules bearing such structural features have been prepared.' b,14,15 Nuclear magnetic resonance ( N M R ) spectroscopy can be used as a tool for ma ...
... be extended to include systems which correspond to axial and planar chirality.8 Thus, systems with planar and axial pseudoasymmetry are possible, and molecules bearing such structural features have been prepared.' b,14,15 Nuclear magnetic resonance ( N M R ) spectroscopy can be used as a tool for ma ...
13: Carbonyl Compounds: Ketones, Aldehydes, Carboxylic Acids
... to those used for inorganic molecules. The H atoms are assigned an oxidation number of +1 when they are bonded to C or to more electronegative atoms. In contrast, oxygen atoms, whether singly or doubly bonded, are assigned the oxidation number -2 except when they are bonded to another oxygen. We des ...
... to those used for inorganic molecules. The H atoms are assigned an oxidation number of +1 when they are bonded to C or to more electronegative atoms. In contrast, oxygen atoms, whether singly or doubly bonded, are assigned the oxidation number -2 except when they are bonded to another oxygen. We des ...
Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 766 (2016) 141–146
... peak with an onset partially overlapping with the tail of the cathodic peak for the reduction of the platinum oxide formed during the anodic scan (peak C). The response observed in the electronic current density for the different peaks when GHB concentration and scan rate were changed was used to co ...
... peak with an onset partially overlapping with the tail of the cathodic peak for the reduction of the platinum oxide formed during the anodic scan (peak C). The response observed in the electronic current density for the different peaks when GHB concentration and scan rate were changed was used to co ...
Examples of Solved Problems for Chapter 3, 5, 6, 7
... occupies one byte, in which case the eighth bit can either be set to 0 or it can be used to indicate the parity of the other bits to ensure a more reliable transmission. Parallel-to-serial conversion can be done by means of a shift register. Assume that a circuit accepts parallel data, B = b7 , b6 , ...
... occupies one byte, in which case the eighth bit can either be set to 0 or it can be used to indicate the parity of the other bits to ensure a more reliable transmission. Parallel-to-serial conversion can be done by means of a shift register. Assume that a circuit accepts parallel data, B = b7 , b6 , ...
Chemistry 0310 - Organic Chemistry 1 Chapter 12. Reactions of
... - Syn-Hydroxylations of alkenes are most conveniently performed with catalytic OsO4 and NMO (N-methylmorpholine N-oxide) as co-oxidant. Attack occurs from the less-hindered face of the alkene, and a vicinal syn-diol is isolated after reductive workup. - Oxidative cleavage of 1,2-disubstituted alken ...
... - Syn-Hydroxylations of alkenes are most conveniently performed with catalytic OsO4 and NMO (N-methylmorpholine N-oxide) as co-oxidant. Attack occurs from the less-hindered face of the alkene, and a vicinal syn-diol is isolated after reductive workup. - Oxidative cleavage of 1,2-disubstituted alken ...
Influence of Temperature on Electrical
... a standard temperature of 25 °C. For this reason, most current conductivity monitors have an integrated temperature sensor and offer algorithms to convert measured values to the standard temperature. This article looks at the physicalchemical basics of electrical conductivity measurement and discuss ...
... a standard temperature of 25 °C. For this reason, most current conductivity monitors have an integrated temperature sensor and offer algorithms to convert measured values to the standard temperature. This article looks at the physicalchemical basics of electrical conductivity measurement and discuss ...
Chemistry 162 Workbook 10.6
... environment when taking these exams. Many students unfortunately suffer from test anxiety and much of this anxiety can be avoided by increased knowledge of material, as well as experience ...
... environment when taking these exams. Many students unfortunately suffer from test anxiety and much of this anxiety can be avoided by increased knowledge of material, as well as experience ...
Improved Synthesis of (3E,6Z,9Z)-1,3,6,9
... then quenched with a saturated NH4Cl solution (17 mL) at -35 °C and allowed to warm to room temperature. After additional stirring for 20 min, the solid was filtered, the layers were separated, the aqueous layer was extracted with hexanes/ ether, 1:1 (50 mL), and the combined organic extracts were w ...
... then quenched with a saturated NH4Cl solution (17 mL) at -35 °C and allowed to warm to room temperature. After additional stirring for 20 min, the solid was filtered, the layers were separated, the aqueous layer was extracted with hexanes/ ether, 1:1 (50 mL), and the combined organic extracts were w ...
13: Carbonyl Compounds: Ketones, Aldehydes, Carboxylic Acids
... an oxidation number of +1 when they are bonded to C or to more electronegative atoms. In contrast, oxygen atoms, whether singly or doubly bonded, are assigned the oxidation number -2 except when they are bonded to another oxygen atom. We designate the unknown oxidation number of C in each molecule a ...
... an oxidation number of +1 when they are bonded to C or to more electronegative atoms. In contrast, oxygen atoms, whether singly or doubly bonded, are assigned the oxidation number -2 except when they are bonded to another oxygen atom. We designate the unknown oxidation number of C in each molecule a ...
Supercritical Degradation of Unsaturated Polyester Resin
... Figure 2: UP composite from experiment 3. Appearance after step 1 and appearance after step 2 3.2 GC-MS investigations Figure 3 shows the total ion chromatograms obtained after supercritical ethanol treatment and supercritical 1propanol treatment with and without addition of the catalyst R-67-7H. Th ...
... Figure 2: UP composite from experiment 3. Appearance after step 1 and appearance after step 2 3.2 GC-MS investigations Figure 3 shows the total ion chromatograms obtained after supercritical ethanol treatment and supercritical 1propanol treatment with and without addition of the catalyst R-67-7H. Th ...
An Investigation of Different Methods of
... where - Ag, is the Gibb's free energy released and F is the Faraday constant. For a DMFC, the Gibb's free energy released is -698.2 kJ/mol [Larminie, et. al., 2003] and six electrons are released per mole of methanol oxidized. Substituting these values yields an OCV of 1.21 V. Of course this is neve ...
... where - Ag, is the Gibb's free energy released and F is the Faraday constant. For a DMFC, the Gibb's free energy released is -698.2 kJ/mol [Larminie, et. al., 2003] and six electrons are released per mole of methanol oxidized. Substituting these values yields an OCV of 1.21 V. Of course this is neve ...
2EM Ohm`s Law and Simple DC Circuits
... Vary the potential difference applied to the circuit by turning the knob of the potential divider. Record the current I for at least eight different values of the potential difference V between 0 and 4 volts. Repeat this process for the orange resistor, the blue and orange resistors in series, and ...
... Vary the potential difference applied to the circuit by turning the knob of the potential divider. Record the current I for at least eight different values of the potential difference V between 0 and 4 volts. Repeat this process for the orange resistor, the blue and orange resistors in series, and ...
Chapter 2 - diss.fu
... H2SO4 deaerated by N2 to verify initial cleanliness as shown in Figure 2.2. A well defined peak pair of oxidation/reduction of platinum electrode around +0.10 V and +0.30 V was found, which indicated that the platinum electrode had smooth and clean surface [59]. ...
... H2SO4 deaerated by N2 to verify initial cleanliness as shown in Figure 2.2. A well defined peak pair of oxidation/reduction of platinum electrode around +0.10 V and +0.30 V was found, which indicated that the platinum electrode had smooth and clean surface [59]. ...
Catalytic, Enantioselective Alkylations of N,O- and
... acetophenone developed. In addition, the alcohol proton disappeared, indicating Osilylation (Scheme 1). A second equiv of enol silane 4a was then added to the mixture and the reaction was monitored; no product formation was noted even after extended periods of time. After addition of the catalyst 2 ...
... acetophenone developed. In addition, the alcohol proton disappeared, indicating Osilylation (Scheme 1). A second equiv of enol silane 4a was then added to the mixture and the reaction was monitored; no product formation was noted even after extended periods of time. After addition of the catalyst 2 ...
BDTIC www.BDTIC.com/infineon L E D Dr i ve r ... Dr i vin g 2W L...
... ILD4120 is a hysteretic buck LED driver IC for industrial applications. Please refer to the datasheet for the pins descriptions, functions descriptions and specifications. ILD4120 maintains a constant current through a string of LEDS as long as the input voltage exceeds the sum of the forward voltag ...
... ILD4120 is a hysteretic buck LED driver IC for industrial applications. Please refer to the datasheet for the pins descriptions, functions descriptions and specifications. ILD4120 maintains a constant current through a string of LEDS as long as the input voltage exceeds the sum of the forward voltag ...
Electronic Circuits – EE359A
... Figure 11.19 Relevant parts of the SRAM cell circuit during a read operation when the cell is storing a logic 1. Note that initially vQ = VDD and vQ = 0. Also note that the B and B lines are usually precharged to a voltage of about VDD/2. However, in Example 11.2, it is assumed for simplicity that ...
... Figure 11.19 Relevant parts of the SRAM cell circuit during a read operation when the cell is storing a logic 1. Note that initially vQ = VDD and vQ = 0. Also note that the B and B lines are usually precharged to a voltage of about VDD/2. However, in Example 11.2, it is assumed for simplicity that ...
Slide 1
... Metals at the top of the chart are easily oxidized. Metals at the top of the chart are most reactive. Metals above hydrogen react with acids*. Metals will react with ions of metals below them. Metals at the top of the chart are good reducing agents. Ions of metals at the bottom of the chart are good ...
... Metals at the top of the chart are easily oxidized. Metals at the top of the chart are most reactive. Metals above hydrogen react with acids*. Metals will react with ions of metals below them. Metals at the top of the chart are good reducing agents. Ions of metals at the bottom of the chart are good ...
Communications to the Editor - UCLA Chemistry and Biochemistry
... (CCl4) 6 2.12 (s, 3 H), 0.97 (d, 3 H , J = 6 Hz), 0.95 ( s , 3 H); IR (liquid film) 17 10 cm-l) was produced. Pure dione 6a could also be converted to a mixture in which 6b predominated by base treatment. We assumed that 6a and 6b are the endo (syn to carbonyl) and exo (anti to carbonyl) isomers, re ...
... (CCl4) 6 2.12 (s, 3 H), 0.97 (d, 3 H , J = 6 Hz), 0.95 ( s , 3 H); IR (liquid film) 17 10 cm-l) was produced. Pure dione 6a could also be converted to a mixture in which 6b predominated by base treatment. We assumed that 6a and 6b are the endo (syn to carbonyl) and exo (anti to carbonyl) isomers, re ...
Fabrication & Layout - Harvey Mudd College
... Fabrication uses a set of layers that are not natural for a designer: – Some of these layers are really the combination of layers a designer would like to think about. For example “active” is really all the diffusion layers merged together. – Many of these layers can be derived from other layers. Fo ...
... Fabrication uses a set of layers that are not natural for a designer: – Some of these layers are really the combination of layers a designer would like to think about. For example “active” is really all the diffusion layers merged together. – Many of these layers can be derived from other layers. Fo ...
Asymmetric Glycine Enolate Aldol Reactions
... round-bottomed flask equipped with a pressure-equallizing addition funnel, an IS-in. Vigreaux column with a distillation head, and a mechanical stirring apparatus was charged with 200 g (1.21 mol) of (S)phenylalanine and 600 mL of dry tetrahydrofuran (THF). Over a 30min period, 172 g (149 mL, 1.21 m ...
... round-bottomed flask equipped with a pressure-equallizing addition funnel, an IS-in. Vigreaux column with a distillation head, and a mechanical stirring apparatus was charged with 200 g (1.21 mol) of (S)phenylalanine and 600 mL of dry tetrahydrofuran (THF). Over a 30min period, 172 g (149 mL, 1.21 m ...
Polythiophene
Polythiophenes (PTs) are polymerized thiophenes, a sulfur heterocycle. They can become conducting when electrons are added or removed from the conjugated π-orbitals via doping. The study of polythiophenes has intensified over the last three decades. The maturation of the field of conducting polymers was confirmed by the awarding of the 2000 Nobel Prize in Chemistry to Alan J. Heeger, Alan MacDiarmid, and Hideki Shirakawa ""for the discovery and development of conductive polymers"". The most notable property of these materials, electrical conductivity, results from the delocalization of electrons along the polymer backbone – hence the term ""synthetic metals"". However, conductivity is not the only interesting property resulting from electron delocalization. The optical properties of these materials respond to environmental stimuli, with dramatic color shifts in response to changes in solvent, temperature, applied potential, and binding to other molecules. Both color changes and conductivity changes are induced by the same mechanism—twisting of the polymer backbone, disrupting conjugation—making conjugated polymers attractive as sensors that can provide a range of optical and electronic responses.A number of comprehensive reviews have been published on PTs, the earliest dating from 1981. Schopf and Koßmehl published a comprehensive review of the literature published between 1990 and 1994. Roncali surveyed electrochemical synthesis in 1992, and the electronic properties of substituted PTs in 1997. McCullough's 1998 review focussed on chemical synthesis of conducting PTs. A general review of conjugated polymers from the 1990s was conducted by Reddinger and Reynolds in 1999. Finally, Swager et al. examined conjugated-polymer-based chemical sensors in 2000. These reviews are an excellent guide to the highlights of the primary PT literature from the last two decades.