Article Title
... the dispersion curves are obtained by the study of the modulus of a determinant, which gives the gray scale map represented on Fig. 11. The upper area of this map is the domain of grazing incidences, where this method is not sensitive and gives no information about the guided modes. But for smaller ...
... the dispersion curves are obtained by the study of the modulus of a determinant, which gives the gray scale map represented on Fig. 11. The upper area of this map is the domain of grazing incidences, where this method is not sensitive and gives no information about the guided modes. But for smaller ...
Introduction
... Vector potential thus have the physical significance that its integral around any closed path is equal to the magnetic flux passing through that path. Boundary Condition for Magnetic Fields: Similar to the boundary conditions in the electro static fields, here we will consider the behavior of and at ...
... Vector potential thus have the physical significance that its integral around any closed path is equal to the magnetic flux passing through that path. Boundary Condition for Magnetic Fields: Similar to the boundary conditions in the electro static fields, here we will consider the behavior of and at ...
resistance
... If we apply a given voltage across a conductor, we get a large current. If we apply the same voltage across an insulator, we get very little current (ideal: none). The property of a material that describes its ability to conduct electric currents is called the resistivity, The property of ...
... If we apply a given voltage across a conductor, we get a large current. If we apply the same voltage across an insulator, we get very little current (ideal: none). The property of a material that describes its ability to conduct electric currents is called the resistivity, The property of ...
Electromagnetic acceleration of electrically
... Electrons with the energy of 3 MeV have the range path in aluminum approximately equal to 1 g/cm2, [3], page 957. Assuming the density of aluminum to be equal to: ρAl = 2.7 g/cm3, we find that the extrapolated path of electrons in aluminum is: lAl ≈ 4 mm. Since the average density of the material ch ...
... Electrons with the energy of 3 MeV have the range path in aluminum approximately equal to 1 g/cm2, [3], page 957. Assuming the density of aluminum to be equal to: ρAl = 2.7 g/cm3, we find that the extrapolated path of electrons in aluminum is: lAl ≈ 4 mm. Since the average density of the material ch ...
Electrical conductivity relaxation in thin-film yttria
... frequently observed in ionic conductors. The exponent n was close to 0.6, p is a crossover frequency, and dc is the dc conductivity. Power laws in the conductivity have been ascribed to a nonrandom hopping mechanism resulting from many body interactions between charge carriers and the fractional ...
... frequently observed in ionic conductors. The exponent n was close to 0.6, p is a crossover frequency, and dc is the dc conductivity. Power laws in the conductivity have been ascribed to a nonrandom hopping mechanism resulting from many body interactions between charge carriers and the fractional ...
Differential Forms and Electromagnetic Field Theory
... lines perpendicular to the x-axis spaced a unit distance apart, as shown in Figure 2(b). Graphically, integrals in the plane are similar to integrals in three dimensions: the value of a path integral is the number of lines pierced by the path. In order to graphically integrate a one-form properly, w ...
... lines perpendicular to the x-axis spaced a unit distance apart, as shown in Figure 2(b). Graphically, integrals in the plane are similar to integrals in three dimensions: the value of a path integral is the number of lines pierced by the path. In order to graphically integrate a one-form properly, w ...
Lecture 19
... level, which are no longer stationary. Whether this scattering is serious enough to invalidate the independent electron picture depends on how rapid the rate of scattering is. If the scattering rate is low, electron-electron relaxation time is much larger than other relaxation time, then we can igno ...
... level, which are no longer stationary. Whether this scattering is serious enough to invalidate the independent electron picture depends on how rapid the rate of scattering is. If the scattering rate is low, electron-electron relaxation time is much larger than other relaxation time, then we can igno ...
Field around CCl4
... interaction point. The results obtained in the present study show that the electrostatic potential and electric field around the molecule and the molecular quadrupole moment are reasonably explained by introducing atomic quadrupoles on the chlorine atoms, and suggest that this is not special to HCl ...
... interaction point. The results obtained in the present study show that the electrostatic potential and electric field around the molecule and the molecular quadrupole moment are reasonably explained by introducing atomic quadrupoles on the chlorine atoms, and suggest that this is not special to HCl ...
Electrical and chemical potential distribution in dye
... Even though the first publication of a high efficiency dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) was more than a decade ago [1], we still lack a commonly accepted theory as to how such cells work. Two basic ideas came up over the last decade, one based on the different kinetics of charge generation and recom ...
... Even though the first publication of a high efficiency dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) was more than a decade ago [1], we still lack a commonly accepted theory as to how such cells work. Two basic ideas came up over the last decade, one based on the different kinetics of charge generation and recom ...
The macroscopic Maxwell equations
... magnetic induction, j the current density, and ρ the charge density. The components of these vector and scalar fields constitute a set of 16 unknowns. Depending on the considered medium, the number of unknowns can be reduced considerably. For example, in linear, isotropic, homogeneous and source-fre ...
... magnetic induction, j the current density, and ρ the charge density. The components of these vector and scalar fields constitute a set of 16 unknowns. Depending on the considered medium, the number of unknowns can be reduced considerably. For example, in linear, isotropic, homogeneous and source-fre ...
Electrostatics
Electrostatics is a branch of physics that deals with the phenomena and properties of stationary or slow-moving electric charges with no acceleration.Since classical physics, it has been known that some materials such as amber attract lightweight particles after rubbing. The Greek word for amber, ήλεκτρον electron, was the source of the word 'electricity'. Electrostatic phenomena arise from the forces that electric charges exert on each other. Such forces are described by Coulomb's law.Even though electrostatically induced forces seem to be rather weak, the electrostatic force between e.g. an electron and a proton, that together make up a hydrogen atom, is about 36 orders of magnitude stronger than the gravitational force acting between them.There are many examples of electrostatic phenomena, from those as simple as the attraction of the plastic wrap to your hand after you remove it from a package, and the attraction of paper to a charged scale, to the apparently spontaneous explosion of grain silos, the damage of electronic components during manufacturing, and the operation of photocopiers. Electrostatics involves the buildup of charge on the surface of objects due to contact with other surfaces. Although charge exchange happens whenever any two surfaces contact and separate, the effects of charge exchange are usually only noticed when at least one of the surfaces has a high resistance to electrical flow. This is because the charges that transfer to or from the highly resistive surface are more or less trapped there for a long enough time for their effects to be observed. These charges then remain on the object until they either bleed off to ground or are quickly neutralized by a discharge: e.g., the familiar phenomenon of a static 'shock' is caused by the neutralization of charge built up in the body from contact with insulated surfaces.