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Northern bayberry, Myrica pensylvanica
Northern bayberry, Myrica pensylvanica

... Look for oval leaves that alternate and have fine teeth near the tip. The waxy leaves are very fragrant with a sweet smell when crushed. Leaves are crowded toward the end of the branch. ...
Thank fungus for that
Thank fungus for that

... fill up with dead timber. Like it did in Carboniferous days when coal seams were laid down! Ever wondered what happens to all the leaves that fall from the trees, or the branches that fall to the ground in storms, or when a tree dies? Somehow there’s never a build up of all this organic matter, but ...
Diversity of Plant Life
Diversity of Plant Life

... generation is called the gametophyte because it gives rise to gametes; the sporophyte, which produces spores, is the diploid generation. The links between the two generations are the processes of fertilization and meiosis. During fertilization, haploid gametes fuse to form a diploid zygote, which de ...
Summer Assignment for AP BIOLOGY
Summer Assignment for AP BIOLOGY

... the text first and then attempting to answer the questions. Many of the questions may not be in order of presentation in the text. 3) Plant observations with proper laboratory notebook formatting. (See LABORATORY NOTEBOOK PROCEDURES first.) You must go out and observe/draw 5 monocots, 5 dicots, 2 gy ...
World of Plants C - World of Teaching
World of Plants C - World of Teaching

... Plants- the first link Plants are the link between the energy in the sun being converted into a form which animals can eat and get the energy to survive… ...
Scott Foresman Science
Scott Foresman Science

... Lots of plants can grow in an oasis because there is water. Sometimes, palm trees will grow in an oasis. They stand tall over the land and can be seen from far away. They let people know where an oasis is. If an oasis is large enough, people can live on it. Another kind of oasis is a stream that sta ...
Thank fungus for that!
Thank fungus for that!

... fill up with dead timber. Like it did in Carboniferous days when coal seams were laid down! Ever wondered what happens to all the leaves that fall from the trees, or the branches that fall to the ground in storms, or when a tree dies? Somehow there’s never a build up of all this organic matter, but ...
Range Plant Pictionary
Range Plant Pictionary

... Milkweed is a plant commonly found throughout fields and pastures and along roadsides in eastern and central North America. It gets its name from the milky white sap that oozes when the plant is broken or cut. Milkweed plants bloom in June and July. When fertilized, the flowers form large seedpods t ...
Lepidium latifolium A.K.A.
Lepidium latifolium A.K.A.

... North American Distribution (very common) ...
Roots and Stems
Roots and Stems

... By using active transport to _____________________ mineral ions from the soil, cells of the epidermis create conditions under which osmosis causes water to “follow” those ions and flow into the root. Next, the water and dissolved minerals pass through the ____________ and move toward the vascular cy ...
Central Core CD - New Mexico FFA
Central Core CD - New Mexico FFA

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Chalara `Ash dieback` - tree
Chalara `Ash dieback` - tree

... ‘Pendula’ and F. ‘Jaspidea’ being particularly susceptible. Also included in that level of susceptibility are F. mandshurica, F. nigra and F. angustifolia. Ongoing work in Denmark and Germany suggests that F. ‘Altena’ is more tolerant of the disease and further promising results have been obtained i ...
Common Rush
Common Rush

... Senescense can take up to 260 days, dependant on temperature. Growth is increased if planted near running water (6). Seedlings are sensitive to shading (3). Propagation: Reproduces from rhizomes or seeds. Water disperses the heavy seed, allowing for off-site establishment (3). When propagating J. ef ...
Scope and Development of Plant Taxonomy - Powerpoint for
Scope and Development of Plant Taxonomy - Powerpoint for

... • Taxa which occur in single restricted geographical areas are known as endemics • Endemism is a relative concept, but is normally applied only where there is considerable restriction in area of distribution • Often the term is used in the same way as indigenous which means native to an area, but to ...
Plants - GZ @ Science Class Online
Plants - GZ @ Science Class Online

... All plants belong to the same kingdom (Plantae). Plants are called autotrophs, which means they make their own food through the process of photosynthesis which also produces sufficient oxygen to the atmosphere to allow all living organisms to respire. Plants have laid down the fossil fuels that prov ...
From the Ground Up - Pueblo County Extension
From the Ground Up - Pueblo County Extension

... Earthworms form casts as they pass through soil. These casts are rich in calcium, nitrogen, potassium and phosphorous, all necessary for healthy plant growth. Their burrows help to aerate the soil, bringing oxygen to plant roots and the microorganisms that live there. Arthropods such as spiders, pil ...
PLANTS PLANT BITS - Junta de Andalucía
PLANTS PLANT BITS - Junta de Andalucía

... the stem, from the air around it and from the sunlight shining on it. The food is used to make all parts of the plant grow. ...
Eucalyptus caesia
Eucalyptus caesia

... This plant occurs naturally on granite outcrops and thrives in all soil types, but it is important that the site is free-draining and in full sun. The Silver Princess is best planted in the autumn and winter months. Watering Water well at planting time and monitor soil moisture until rains return in ...
lecture outline
lecture outline

... In addition to plastic structural responses of individual plants to specific environments, plant species have adaptations in morphology that benefit them in their specific environments. o For example, cacti have leaves that are reduced to spines and a stem that serves as the primary site of photosyn ...
wholesale only - West Texas Plants
wholesale only - West Texas Plants

... hardy cactus with longlasting, waxy, scarlet flowers making it a favorite among gardeners. These cacti often form large rounded mounds growing to 30-inches across and composed of many individual stems and tightly packed together. ...
`Bloodgood` Japanese Maple
`Bloodgood` Japanese Maple

... Oakleaf hydrangeas can be used wherever a bold texture is needed, such as an accent plant, in a naturalized shrub border, in front of tall evergreens, or near water. In late May and June, the oakleaf hydrangea bears attractive, showy, conical inflorescences of creamy white flowers, which later turn ...
Tuscan Blue Rosemary
Tuscan Blue Rosemary

... lightly-scented blue flowers at the ends of the branches from early spring to early summer. It has attractive grayish green foliage. The fragrant needles are ornamentally significant but remain grayish green through the winter. The fruit is not ornamentally significant. The bark is not particularly ...
Weeping Vernal Witchhazel
Weeping Vernal Witchhazel

... The serrated oval leaves turn an outstanding yellow in the fall. The fruit is not ornamentally significant. Landscape Attributes: Weeping Vernal Witchhazel is a deciduous dwarf tree with a rounded form and gracefully weeping branches. Its average texture blends into the landscape, but can be balance ...
ALIEN PLANT INVADERS: Tansy Ragwort and Common Tansy
ALIEN PLANT INVADERS: Tansy Ragwort and Common Tansy

... Islands, degrading pastures and disrupting native plant communities. We have the opportunity -and the responsibility- to stop their spread by taking action now. The B.C. Weed Control Act “imposes a duty on all land occupiers to control designated noxious plants….to protect our natural resources and ...
Recommended Native Plants for Sunny areas
Recommended Native Plants for Sunny areas

... rootstocks create a dense network that creeps to cover woodland slopes. Once established, a cover of Wild Ginger can fend off Garlic Mustard and other invasive in the woodland environment. As a woodland native this deer resistant plant enjoys shade and tolerates a variety of soil types. An attractiv ...
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Plant ecology



This article is about the scientific discipline, for the journal see Plant EcologyPlant ecology is a subdiscipline of ecology which studies the distribution and abundance of plants, the effects of environmental factors upon the abundance of plants, and the interactions among and between plants and other organisms. Examples of these are the distribution of temperate deciduous forests in North America, the effects of drought or flooding upon plant survival, and competition among desert plants for water, or effects of herds of grazing animals upon the composition of grasslands.A global overview of the Earth's major vegetation types is provided by O.W. Archibold. He recognizes 11 major vegetation types: tropical forests, tropical savannas, arid regions (deserts), Mediterranean ecosystems, temperate forest ecosystems, temperate grasslands, coniferous forests, tundra (both polar and high mountain), terrestrial wetlands, freshwater ecosystems and coastal/marine systems. This breadth of topics shows the complexity of plant ecology, since it includes plants from floating single-celled algae up to large canopy forming trees.One feature that defines plants is photosynthesis. One of the most important aspects of plant ecology is the role plants have played in creating the oxygenated atmosphere of earth, an event that occurred some 2 billion years ago. It can be dated by the deposition of banded iron formations, distinctive sedimentary rocks with large amounts of iron oxide. At the same time, plants began removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, thereby initiating the process of controlling Earth's climate. A long term trend of the Earth has been toward increasing oxygen and decreasing carbon dioxide, and many other events in the Earths history, like the first movement of life onto land, are likely tied to this sequence of events.One of the early classic books on plant ecology was written by J.E. Weaver and F.E. Clements. It talks broadly about plant communities, and particularly the importance of forces like competition and processes like succession. Although some of the terminology is dated, this important book can still often be obtained in used book stores.Plant ecology can also be divided by levels of organization including plant ecophysiology, plant population ecology, community ecology, ecosystem ecology, landscape ecology and biosphere ecology.The study of plants and vegetation is complicated by their form. First, most plants are rooted in the soil, which makes it difficult to observe and measure nutrient uptake and species interactions. Second, plants often reproduce vegetatively, that is asexually, in a way that makes it difficult to distinguish individual plants. Indeed, the very concept of an individual is doubtful, since even a tree may be regarded as a large collection of linked meristems. Hence, plant ecology and animal ecology have different styles of approach to problems that involve processes like reproduction, dispersal and mutualism. Some plant ecologists have placed considerable emphasis upon trying to treat plant populations as if they were animal populations, focusing on population ecology. Many other ecologists believe that while it is useful to draw upon population ecology to solve certain scientific problems, plants demand that ecologists work with multiple perspectives, appropriate to the problem, the scale and the situation.
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