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TEKK KS-1000
TEKK KS-1000

... approximately 2 watts to a 50 Ohm load. The crystal frequency is multiplied a total of 27 times (3 x 3 x 3) before being amplified to the 2 watt level by the pre-driver, driver, and final transistors. True direct FM modulation is achieved by the use of a voltage variable diode capacitor between the ...
CSC 335 Data Communications and Networking I
CSC 335 Data Communications and Networking I

... of bits sent per cycle can be increased if the encoding scheme permits multiple bits to be encoded in a single cycle of the carrier. • ASK and FSK work well but require at least one cycle of a carrier wave to send a single bit. • PSK changes the timing of the carrier wave abruptly to encode data. Su ...
AN-146 FM Remote Speaker System
AN-146 FM Remote Speaker System

... receiver are tuned for maximum coupling to and from the AC line. Plug in both receiver and transmitter; no carrier modulation is necessary. Insure that both units are operative. Observe or measure with an AC VTVM the waveform at T1 secondary in the receiver. Tune T1 of the transmitter for maximum ob ...
Amplitude Modulator and Demodulator Circuits
Amplitude Modulator and Demodulator Circuits

... The product of the carrier and modulating signal can be generated by applying both signals to a nonlinear component such as a diode. A square-law function is one that varies in proportion to the square of the input signals. A diode gives a good approximation of a squarelaw response. Bipolar and fiel ...
Recommended Levels of Digital Signals Relative to Analog
Recommended Levels of Digital Signals Relative to Analog

... To find the reduction in power from the maximum, in terms of decibels, we take 10.log (0.274), which gives 5.62 dB. In other words, the average power of an RF carrier modulated by a video signal with 50% APL is 5.62 dB below the peak envelope power, or the power of the unmodulated carrier. This give ...
Chapter 14 - William Stallings, Data and Computer Communications
Chapter 14 - William Stallings, Data and Computer Communications

... cellular telephone networks  Analog traffic channels  Designed to be an extension of the public ...
pscc-schFINAL
pscc-schFINAL

... the signal. The complex space-phasor of the converter output voltages is investigated using WVD allowing fast and compact analysis of the three-phase system. Figures 12 and 13 show the estimated frequency representation of the space-phasor. The signal was sampled with the frequency of 5 kHz and 200 ...
Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) Modulation
Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) Modulation

... noise w(t). As is obvious, the correlation detector consists of the product modulator, shown as an encircled multiplier, and the integrator. The vector receiver is a simple binary decision device, such as a comparator. For simplicity, we assumed that the basis function phase reference is perfectly k ...
Signals - theParticle.com
Signals - theParticle.com

... Bandwidth is just a range of frequencies. Now, signals can be of various frequencies, for example, TV needs 6Mhz signal for each channel. There are 68 channels that we can tune to—which means we need what kind of bandwidth capability in our tuning equipment? That’s right: 6 × 68 Mhz. Digital signals ...
Parts of Communication System Channel
Parts of Communication System Channel

... more points through a communication channel, with minimum error; •A system or facility for transferring data between persons and equipment. The system usually consists of a collection of individual communication networks, transmission systems, relay stations, tributary stations and terminal equipmen ...
Modulation Techniques - Al
Modulation Techniques - Al

... positive, negative and no line signal) Bipolar-AMI zero represented by no line signal one represented by positive or negative pulse one pulses alternate in polarity no loss of sync if a long string of ones long runs of zeros still a problem no net dc component lower bandwidth easy error det ...
Formula for two-carrier intermodulation distortion
Formula for two-carrier intermodulation distortion

... cross-phase (XPM) modulation schemes [2] in high bit rate digital channels. Another interesting application of these technologies is the optical frequency translation of analogue or subcarrier multiplexed (SCM) signals [3], [4]. Schemes based on four-wave mixing (FWM) [3] and XGM [4] in SOA’s have b ...
Chapter No
Chapter No

... the desired signal is received after a delay due to reflections from the neighboring objects. This phenomenon is known as Multi-path Propagation. The received signal, in this situation, behaves as another information bearing signal in the same frequency range and thus causes interference. It is also ...
Digital Modulation
Digital Modulation

... Digital modulation can be broadly classified as: 1. Linear (change Amplitude or phase) 2. Non linear modulation techniques (change frequency). Linear Modulation Techniques: ...
Optimizing the Heathkit HW-101, SB100-102 Transceivers
Optimizing the Heathkit HW-101, SB100-102 Transceivers

... little closer to the filter center frequency than the Heath spec., i.e., rather than 1.6 kHz off center I went with 1.4 kHz. The frequency of the oscillator is lowered by placing a small amount of capacitance in parallel with the crystal, and the frequency is raised by putting capacitance in series ...
Ring Resonator Gyroscope
Ring Resonator Gyroscope

... counter clockwise (CCW) propagating waves in the ring resonator using a single laser source In OptiSPICE phase delay elements can be used to change the phase of an optical signal using a voltage node In this Ring Resonator Gyroscope design, phase delay elements are used to introduce a linear increas ...
Chapter 5 Low-Noise Design Methodology
Chapter 5 Low-Noise Design Methodology

... However, as the waveform gets more efficient in terms of power-toinformation content, the detection method gets more complex. Some means of recovering the carrier component is needed for the detector to recover the amplitude and frequency of the modulating signal. The DSB signal, although more effic ...
What is the convergence in the field of information and
What is the convergence in the field of information and

... per symbol to minimize the bit error rate. The mathematical analysis shows that QPSK can be used either to double the data rate compared with a BPSK system while maintaining the same bandwidth of the signal, or to maintain the data-rate of BPSK but halving the bandwidth needed. In this latter case, ...
stonz basic manual
stonz basic manual

... IN Jack, LEVEL Pot: Audio input and attenuator pot. Maximum gain is unity. FREQ CV Jack and Pot: Sets the center frequency of the phasing effect. Typically, use 0-10V. Negative voltages will cancel the effect (unless biased with the pot) but allow the unprocessed signal through the module. Regenerat ...
HF Station Installation
HF Station Installation

... Set amplifier meter to monitor plate current. Set amplifier to desired band. Apply a small amount of drive power. Adjust Tune for a dip (minimum) in plate current. Adjust Load for maximum output power. Repeat steps 4 & 5 until maximum power output is ...
Document
Document

...  Bandwidth required by a modulated signal depends on the baseband frequency range (or data rate) and the modulation scheme.  Hartley’s Law: I = k t B where I = amount of information; k = system constant; t = time available; B = channel bandwidth ...
4.1 Introduction Word Document | GCE AS/A
4.1 Introduction Word Document | GCE AS/A

... However if it is possible for Person ‘A’ to turn the sound on and off at will, it is then possible to make up a series of codes that provided ‘A’ and ‘B’ know what the codes mean, they can have a basic ‘conversation’. Over the period of many generations language has developed into what it is today a ...
AM Radio - s3.amazonaws.com
AM Radio - s3.amazonaws.com

... square wave ...
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Analogue Modulation – Amplitude Modulation
Analogue Modulation – Amplitude Modulation

... What is Modulation • Modulation – In the modulation process, some characteristic of a high-frequency carrier signal (bandpass), is changed according to the instantaneous amplitude of the information (baseband) signal. • Why Modulation – Suitable for signal transmission (distance…etc) – Multiple sig ...
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Single-sideband modulation



In radio communications, Single-SideBand modulation (SSB) or Single-SideBand Suppressed-Carrier (SSB-SC) is a refinement of amplitude modulation which uses transmitter power and bandwidth more efficiently. Amplitude modulation produces an output signal that has twice the bandwidth of the original baseband signal. Single-sideband modulation avoids this bandwidth doubling, and the power wasted on a carrier, at the cost of increased device complexity and more difficult tuning at the receiver.
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