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... control over inventories and process rates contributes directly to profitability. For many sophisticated producers, internal billing around process costs directly impacts the bottom line. ...
“Consecutive Integer” Problems
“Consecutive Integer” Problems

... 5. If the product of two consecutive odd integers is decreased by one-third the lesser integer, the result is 250. Find the integers. ...
On long time integration of the heat equation
On long time integration of the heat equation

... and M is spectrally equivalent to the matrix on the left up to a factor of (kBk/γL )2 . It is therefore natural to apply the conjugate gradient method to the above algebraic system with M as preconditioner. The structure and application of M−1 and N−1 is similar to the heat equation on a bounded tem ...
Section and Topic Item In section Notes TITLE/ ABSTRACT
Section and Topic Item In section Notes TITLE/ ABSTRACT

... and methods involved including how and when measurements were taken, and/or cite references for index tests and reference standard. Describe definition of and rationale for the units, cut-offs and/or categories of the results of the index tests and the reference standard. Describe the number, traini ...
Governing Equation
Governing Equation

... of specific interest to the natural gas and petroleum researchers and engineers. Calculations of friction factor are used to determine the parameters such as pressure drop in the piping system. For laminar flow, friction factor calculation is simple as it is a function of the Reynolds number (Re). Bu ...
This is by no means a complete list, but I`ve done my best to include
This is by no means a complete list, but I`ve done my best to include

... either a complex number or is a radical expression. (p. 280 #28-33 and p.269 #11-18) 19) Know how to add/subtract/multiply/divide or find the composition of functions. (p. 432 #3-10, 12-19, 20-35) 20) Know how to find the equation of a line given 2 points the line goes through. (p. 102 #30-38) 21) K ...
Absolute Value Equations and Inequalities
Absolute Value Equations and Inequalities

... Serena skates toward Darius and then passes by him. She skates at a constant speed of 20 ft/s. At what time(s) is Serena 60 ft from Darius? Explain your reasoning. Serena ...
Bayesian updating of mechanical models - Application in fracture mechanics
Bayesian updating of mechanical models - Application in fracture mechanics

... response quantities. The Bayesian scheme is applied to the prediction of fatigue crack lengths. The prior model reveals poor and unable to predict the observed crack propagation curve. The posterior model obtained from the MCMC approach allows to update the prediction in a way that is consistent wit ...
Squirrel Cage of Induction Motors Simulation via Simulink
Squirrel Cage of Induction Motors Simulation via Simulink

L6 Protoplanetary disks Part II
L6 Protoplanetary disks Part II

... objects, and much more than the age of the universe... If viscosity is to play a role in the evolution of these disks, there must be a source of abnormal viscosity as molecular viscosity cannot be of importance! Many possible explanation have been proposed to account for the extra-viscosity but one ...
Systems of Equations
Systems of Equations

... solving for the variables x, y, and z. One more question needs to be considered, what if there is no lone variable? If there is no lone variable substitution can still work to solve, we will just have to select one variable to solve for and use fractions as we solve. ...
Substitute.
Substitute.

Hydrostatic Forces on Plane Surfaces
Hydrostatic Forces on Plane Surfaces

... gradient du/dy. Such fluids are called Newtonian fluids. On the other hand , liquid which is not subject to Newton's law of viscosity , such as a liquid pulp , a high-molecular-weight solution or asphalt , is called a non-Newtonian fluid. These fluids are further classified as shown in Fig.4 by the ...
Derivation of the Heat Conduction Equation
Derivation of the Heat Conduction Equation

... is a proportionality factor called the thermal conductivity and is determined by material properties ...
Study of Reaction turbines
Study of Reaction turbines

... In dynamic machines, there is no closed volume; instead, rotating blades supply or extract energy to or from the fluid. For pumps, these rotating blades are called impeller blades, while for turbines, the rotating blades are called runner blades or buckets ...
The Physics of Sailing - University of Colorado Boulder
The Physics of Sailing - University of Colorado Boulder

... yacht club), and it was thereafter known as the America’s Cup. This began a series of matches between the holder of the Cup and a challenger (or challengers) that today are known as the America’s Cup sailing regattas. Interestingly, the New York Yacht Club held the cup for 132 years after it’s first ...
SolidsOfRevTwoCurves_Student
SolidsOfRevTwoCurves_Student

... 3. Write the equation of the line and the parabola that when rotated forms the 3D volume shown. The x-value of which function will form the outer radius? Solve for x for function. ...
Uniqueness of solutions to the Laplace and Poisson equations
Uniqueness of solutions to the Laplace and Poisson equations

... certain boundary conditions is guaranteed to exist. The question of existence is usually more difficult to address as compared with the question of uniqueness. But, in these notes, we imagine that we have discovered a solution to eq. (1) subject to certain boundary conditions on S by following some ...
Laplace transforms of probability distributions
Laplace transforms of probability distributions

Lecture 9: Numerical solution of boundary value problems
Lecture 9: Numerical solution of boundary value problems

... If we use y2 (0) = −0.648270, then the result is shown in Figure 3. As shown in the figure, when we use a gues of y2 (0) = −0.64827, we end up with a slope at x = 1 of y2 (1) = −0.999999, which is the exact value (or close enough)! The result in Figure 3 is therefore the solution of the boundary val ...
Introduction Computing shear wave velocity models for the near-surface is one...
Introduction Computing shear wave velocity models for the near-surface is one...

Chapter 4
Chapter 4

... Observe figure 4.6 carefully and note how the plume temperature, plume velocity and plume mass flow rate chang with height. The radius of the plume is defined by the value where the centerline temperature has declined to 0.5·T. This is illustrated in figure 4.b. ...
(1) Fermat`s last theorem for (2) the area of a Pythagorean triangle
(1) Fermat`s last theorem for (2) the area of a Pythagorean triangle

... triples satisfying the equations (2.4) or (2.3). This completes the proof of the two theorems. References [1] P.Ribenboim, Fermat’s last theorem for amateurs, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1991 [2] H.M. Edwards, Fermat’s last theorem, A Genetic Introduction to Algebraic Number Theory, Springer Verlag, ...
Monitoring of flaps
Monitoring of flaps

Obtaining consensus probability distributions
Obtaining consensus probability distributions

... The Delphi technique as a generic form typically involves repeated interrogation cr questionnaire inquiry of the experts, making it both a costly ...
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Computational fluid dynamics



Computational fluid dynamics, usually abbreviated as CFD, is a branch of fluid mechanics that uses numerical analysis and algorithms to solve and analyze problems that involve fluid flows. Computers are used to perform the calculations required to simulate the interaction of liquids and gases with surfaces defined by boundary conditions. With high-speed supercomputers, better solutions can be achieved. Ongoing research yields software that improves the accuracy and speed of complex simulation scenarios such as transonic or turbulent flows. Initial experimental validation of such software is performed using a wind tunnel with the final validation coming in full-scale testing, e.g. flight tests.
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