field trip guide field trip guide
... a total opening of ~1100 km along the trough Baja Verapaz shear zone (Ortega-Gutiérrez et constrains the minimum displacement between al., 2007). This interpretation is controversial. the Caribbean and North American plates. The Chortís block south of the fault contains The western portion of the tr ...
... a total opening of ~1100 km along the trough Baja Verapaz shear zone (Ortega-Gutiérrez et constrains the minimum displacement between al., 2007). This interpretation is controversial. the Caribbean and North American plates. The Chortís block south of the fault contains The western portion of the tr ...
Evolution of the Eastern Alps
... The plate movements shifted from E-W towards a N-S convergence during the Cenozoic or Tertiary orogenesis (Pfiffner, 2010). The orogenesis included large overthrusts and folding that influenced the inversion and relief of the mountain range. In this period the Piedmont Ocean was closed completely by ...
... The plate movements shifted from E-W towards a N-S convergence during the Cenozoic or Tertiary orogenesis (Pfiffner, 2010). The orogenesis included large overthrusts and folding that influenced the inversion and relief of the mountain range. In this period the Piedmont Ocean was closed completely by ...
An explanation of the landforms and geology between Broken Hill
... continent, and was the scene of distinctive and unique development of animal species. Gondwana remained intact until 180 million years ago when it started to break up in the Jurassic period to form the Australian and other continents after which evolution continued on a continent scale. Large areas ...
... continent, and was the scene of distinctive and unique development of animal species. Gondwana remained intact until 180 million years ago when it started to break up in the Jurassic period to form the Australian and other continents after which evolution continued on a continent scale. Large areas ...
Metamorphic reworking of a high - Lamont
... The Guatemala suture zone is a major east–west left-lateral strike slip boundary that separates the North American and Caribbean plates in Guatemala. The Motagua fault, the central active strand of the suture zone, underwent two major collisional events within a system otherwise dominated by strike– ...
... The Guatemala suture zone is a major east–west left-lateral strike slip boundary that separates the North American and Caribbean plates in Guatemala. The Motagua fault, the central active strand of the suture zone, underwent two major collisional events within a system otherwise dominated by strike– ...
Contributions of poroelastic rebound and a weak volcanic arc to the
... GPS stations (GEONET) processed in ITRF2008 (Altamimi et al., 2011) by the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (GSI) (Miyazaki et al. 1998). The GPS time series span from as early as 1996 to March 2013. The GPS time series represent a combined signal of non-tectonic seasonal deformation, inter ...
... GPS stations (GEONET) processed in ITRF2008 (Altamimi et al., 2011) by the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (GSI) (Miyazaki et al. 1998). The GPS time series span from as early as 1996 to March 2013. The GPS time series represent a combined signal of non-tectonic seasonal deformation, inter ...
Mantle-drip magmatism beneath the Altiplano
... to develop where there is extensive intermediate arc-like magmatism in the upper plate, as the residual masses complementing these magmatic products are typically denser than the underlying mantle. Mafic volcanic rocks erupted on the central Andean Altiplano-Puna plateau during the past 25 m.y. cont ...
... to develop where there is extensive intermediate arc-like magmatism in the upper plate, as the residual masses complementing these magmatic products are typically denser than the underlying mantle. Mafic volcanic rocks erupted on the central Andean Altiplano-Puna plateau during the past 25 m.y. cont ...
AM N Pz Scale 1:8 500 000 - Norges geologiske undersøkelse
... orogeny (ca. 1140 – 900 Ma) and now form a series of crustal blocks separated by N-S trending deformation belts (Viola et al., 2013). One of the major features in the Sveconorwegian area is the Rogaland Anorthosite Province, S of Stavanger, which includes the world-class Tellnes ilmenite deposit. Th ...
... orogeny (ca. 1140 – 900 Ma) and now form a series of crustal blocks separated by N-S trending deformation belts (Viola et al., 2013). One of the major features in the Sveconorwegian area is the Rogaland Anorthosite Province, S of Stavanger, which includes the world-class Tellnes ilmenite deposit. Th ...
- 8Semester
... These are huge bodies of igneous masses that show both concordant and discordant relations with the country rock. Their dimensions vary considerably but it is generally agreed that to qualify as a batholith the igneous mass should be greater than 100 square kilometers in area and its depth sho ...
... These are huge bodies of igneous masses that show both concordant and discordant relations with the country rock. Their dimensions vary considerably but it is generally agreed that to qualify as a batholith the igneous mass should be greater than 100 square kilometers in area and its depth sho ...
Hoggar Shield gold mineralization- Khoudour
... bearing field Tiririne studies [3, 4, 5], this type veins consist of several generations of quartz. Gold only occurs in “young” quartz that has pink color and creates exfoliation joints and “gas chambers” in it. Low sulphide mineralzation represented by pyrite, chalcopyrite, galenite, fahlites, spha ...
... bearing field Tiririne studies [3, 4, 5], this type veins consist of several generations of quartz. Gold only occurs in “young” quartz that has pink color and creates exfoliation joints and “gas chambers” in it. Low sulphide mineralzation represented by pyrite, chalcopyrite, galenite, fahlites, spha ...
Alteration of the oceanic lithosphere and its implications for seafloor
... environments, serpentinized mantle peridotite and lower crustal plutonic rocks may represent 20-25% of the seafloor exposed through faulting (Cannat et al., 1995). Recent studies have imaged broad, dome-like massifs with exceptional relief (>2.5 km) and with arched upper surfaces marked by distincti ...
... environments, serpentinized mantle peridotite and lower crustal plutonic rocks may represent 20-25% of the seafloor exposed through faulting (Cannat et al., 1995). Recent studies have imaged broad, dome-like massifs with exceptional relief (>2.5 km) and with arched upper surfaces marked by distincti ...
An Overview of the Carlton Rhyolite Group: Cambrian A
... in the Wichita Mountains. The total volume of these mafic rocks is ~210,000 km3 (Hanson et al., 2013). Modern isotopic age constraints are available for parts of the Wichita Igneous Province, but many of the results have been published only in abstracts. The Glen Mountains Layered Complex has yielde ...
... in the Wichita Mountains. The total volume of these mafic rocks is ~210,000 km3 (Hanson et al., 2013). Modern isotopic age constraints are available for parts of the Wichita Igneous Province, but many of the results have been published only in abstracts. The Glen Mountains Layered Complex has yielde ...
1 I-68/I-70: A WINDOW TO THE APPALACHIANS by Dr. John J
... Section of the Valley and Ridge Physiographic Province extends from the Allegheny Structural Front to the Great Valley and constitutes what is commonly referred to as the Appalachian Mountains. The name reflects the dominance of northeast-southwest-trending parallel valleys and ridges within the pro ...
... Section of the Valley and Ridge Physiographic Province extends from the Allegheny Structural Front to the Great Valley and constitutes what is commonly referred to as the Appalachian Mountains. The name reflects the dominance of northeast-southwest-trending parallel valleys and ridges within the pro ...
Stratigraphy, structure and regional correlations of crustal
... overlain by Upper Silurian and Devonian rocks of the Gaspé Belt. The Humber Zone is subdivided into External and Internal Zones (Tremblay & Castonguay, 2002). The External Humber Zone consists of very low-grade sedimentary and volcanic rocks deformed into a series of northwest-directed thrust nappes ...
... overlain by Upper Silurian and Devonian rocks of the Gaspé Belt. The Humber Zone is subdivided into External and Internal Zones (Tremblay & Castonguay, 2002). The External Humber Zone consists of very low-grade sedimentary and volcanic rocks deformed into a series of northwest-directed thrust nappes ...
Geology of Sandia Park quadrangle, Bernalillo and Sandoval
... rarely more than 2 m thick, and bedrock is everywhere near the channel bed. Locally, such as at San Pedro Spring and in the northern quarter of the quadrangle, the stream flows on a bedrock channel. San Pedro Creek is a major tributary to Arroyo Tonque, the master drainage and regional base-level co ...
... rarely more than 2 m thick, and bedrock is everywhere near the channel bed. Locally, such as at San Pedro Spring and in the northern quarter of the quadrangle, the stream flows on a bedrock channel. San Pedro Creek is a major tributary to Arroyo Tonque, the master drainage and regional base-level co ...
Geology - Archean Environment: The habitat of early life.
... information by erosion of the older record. The data in Figure 2 plot in particular periods, and there is a clear distinction between the Archean, where the data are minimal, and the Proterozoic and Phanerozoic, where the data are abundant, and between the preNeoproterozoic, where UHP metamorphism d ...
... information by erosion of the older record. The data in Figure 2 plot in particular periods, and there is a clear distinction between the Archean, where the data are minimal, and the Proterozoic and Phanerozoic, where the data are abundant, and between the preNeoproterozoic, where UHP metamorphism d ...
Tectonics, Dynamics, and Seismic Hazard in the Canada–Alaska
... and Queen Charlotte–Fairweather transform) are significantly larger than elsewhere in the Cordillera. They range between 30 and 60 mm/a, in agreement with the relative plate motions, confirming that a large fraction of this relative motion is accommodated along the western margin. In most of the Cordi ...
... and Queen Charlotte–Fairweather transform) are significantly larger than elsewhere in the Cordillera. They range between 30 and 60 mm/a, in agreement with the relative plate motions, confirming that a large fraction of this relative motion is accommodated along the western margin. In most of the Cordi ...
Tectonics, sedimentation and volcanism in the East African Rift
... of the Toro-Ankole volcanism are discussed in relation to reworked lithosphere at the margin of the Tanzanian Craton and as potential diamontiferous rocks. Seismicity and rifting An important addition to understanding the seismicity of the Kenya Rift is provided by Hollnack and Stangl (1998) from a ...
... of the Toro-Ankole volcanism are discussed in relation to reworked lithosphere at the margin of the Tanzanian Craton and as potential diamontiferous rocks. Seismicity and rifting An important addition to understanding the seismicity of the Kenya Rift is provided by Hollnack and Stangl (1998) from a ...
latest eocene to middle miocene plate tectonic model of the caribbean
... controversial in the sense that it introduces several new perspectives into Caribbean plate tectonic reconstructions. The issue, however, is not the model itself, but the series of geologic facts on which it was based. These facts, properly taken into consideration, will lead to a better understandi ...
... controversial in the sense that it introduces several new perspectives into Caribbean plate tectonic reconstructions. The issue, however, is not the model itself, but the series of geologic facts on which it was based. These facts, properly taken into consideration, will lead to a better understandi ...
Exhumation of high-pressure rocks beneath the Solund Basin
... emplacement. (iii) The youngest sedimentary rocks in the Lower Allochthon are Wenlockian (Bassett, 1985), requiring that the faults bounding the Lower Allochthon be no older than Wenlockian. (iv) The youngest sedimentary rocks in the Upper Allochthon are upper Llandoverian (c. 430 Ma), and these are ...
... emplacement. (iii) The youngest sedimentary rocks in the Lower Allochthon are Wenlockian (Bassett, 1985), requiring that the faults bounding the Lower Allochthon be no older than Wenlockian. (iv) The youngest sedimentary rocks in the Upper Allochthon are upper Llandoverian (c. 430 Ma), and these are ...
Crustal contamination of mafic magmas: evidence from a
... The mid-Proterozoic Isortoq dike swarm in the Gardar Province, South Greenland, comprises a variety of alkaline rocks ranging from gabbroic to syenitic in composition. Major magmatic mineral phases are olivine, clinopyroxene, Fe – Ti oxides, amphibole, plagioclase and alkali feldspar. Quartz occurs ...
... The mid-Proterozoic Isortoq dike swarm in the Gardar Province, South Greenland, comprises a variety of alkaline rocks ranging from gabbroic to syenitic in composition. Major magmatic mineral phases are olivine, clinopyroxene, Fe – Ti oxides, amphibole, plagioclase and alkali feldspar. Quartz occurs ...
Science
... Many dredged basalts from the Mid- ly, was suggested as the explanation of that they comprise a distinct, relatively uniform low-potassium variety of tho- Atlantic Ridge showed evidence of either the anomaly patterns (24). The high inleiitic basalt (16). Further study of rocks weathering or metamorp ...
... Many dredged basalts from the Mid- ly, was suggested as the explanation of that they comprise a distinct, relatively uniform low-potassium variety of tho- Atlantic Ridge showed evidence of either the anomaly patterns (24). The high inleiitic basalt (16). Further study of rocks weathering or metamorp ...
Izu detachment hypothesis: A proposal of a unified cause for... event and the Tokai slow event
... Pacific plate (PA) beneath the Philippine Sea plate (PHS) (Fig. 1). Miyakejima is an active basaltic stratovolcano located at the volcanic front, and Niijima and Kozushima are rhyolitic volcanoes further landward. The magma source first arose beneath the east coast of Miyakejima and migrated to the ...
... Pacific plate (PA) beneath the Philippine Sea plate (PHS) (Fig. 1). Miyakejima is an active basaltic stratovolcano located at the volcanic front, and Niijima and Kozushima are rhyolitic volcanoes further landward. The magma source first arose beneath the east coast of Miyakejima and migrated to the ...
early evolution of the North American Cordillera Baltican and
... and Siberia in mid-Palaeozoic time, termed here the Northwest Passage. Westward propagation of a narrow subduction zone coupled with a global change in plate motion, related to the collision of Gondwana with Laurentia– Baltica, are proposed to have led to initiation of subduction along the western p ...
... and Siberia in mid-Palaeozoic time, termed here the Northwest Passage. Westward propagation of a narrow subduction zone coupled with a global change in plate motion, related to the collision of Gondwana with Laurentia– Baltica, are proposed to have led to initiation of subduction along the western p ...
A reassessment of the timing of early Archaean crustal
... Figure 2 shows that the Pb-isotopic compositions of all these samples fall exactly on the regional Amîtsoq field which regresses at 3654 ± 73 Ma and, much more significantly, intersects the mantle evolution curve at 3.65 to 3.66 Ga. We conclude that the magmatic precursors of even those Amîtsoq gnei ...
... Figure 2 shows that the Pb-isotopic compositions of all these samples fall exactly on the regional Amîtsoq field which regresses at 3654 ± 73 Ma and, much more significantly, intersects the mantle evolution curve at 3.65 to 3.66 Ga. We conclude that the magmatic precursors of even those Amîtsoq gnei ...
Unraveling the Tapestry of Ocean Crust
... melt can flow—in a positive feedback loop that spontaneously creates channels that focus the flow. Small channels formed in this fashion coalesce to form larger channels, in a network analogous to a river drainage system. The number and size of melt flow channels we observe in the mantle section of ...
... melt can flow—in a positive feedback loop that spontaneously creates channels that focus the flow. Small channels formed in this fashion coalesce to form larger channels, in a network analogous to a river drainage system. The number and size of melt flow channels we observe in the mantle section of ...
Great Lakes tectonic zone
The Great Lakes tectonic zone is bounded by South Dakota at its tip and heads northeast to south of Duluth, Minnesota, then heads east through northern Wisconsin, Marquette, Michigan, and then trends more northeasterly to skim the northern-most shores of lakes Michigan and Huron before ending in the Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, area.During the Late Archean Era the Algoman orogeny added landmass to the Superior province by volcanic activity and continental collision along a boundary that stretches from present-day South Dakota, U.S., into the Lake Huron region near Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.This crustal boundary is the Great Lakes tectonic zone. It is 1,400 km (870 mi) long, and separates the older Archean gneissic terrane to the south from younger Late Archean greenstone-granite terrane to the north.The zone is characterized by active compression during the Algoman orogeny (about 2,700 million years ago), a pulling-apart (extensional) tectonics (2,450 to 2,100 million years ago), a second compression during the Penokean orogeny (1,900 to 1,850 million years ago), a second extension during Middle Proterozoic time (1,600 million years ago) and minor reactivation during Phanerozoic time (the past 500 million years).Collision began along the Great Lakes tectonic zone (GLTZ) with the Algoman mountain-building event and continued for tens of millions of years. During the formation of the GLTZ, the gneissic Minnesota River Valley subprovince was thrust up onto the Superior province's edge as it consumed the Superior province's oceanic crust. Fragmentation of the Kenorland supercontinent began 2,450 million years ago and was completed by 2,100 million years ago. The Wyoming province is the continental landmass that is hypothesized to have rifted away from the southern Superior province portion of Kenorland, before moving rapidly west and docking with the Laurentia supercontinent 1,850 to 1,715 million years ago. Sedimentation from the GLTZ-rifting environment continued into the Penokean orogeny, which is the next major tectonic event in the Great Lakes region. Several earthquakes have been documented in Minnesota, Michigan's Upper Peninsula and Sudbury in the last 120 years along the GLTZ.