Open Research Online Stacked regression ensemble for cancer
... cancer [34]. Similarly ovarian cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer related deaths in American women of all ages as well as being the most prevalent cause of death from gynaecologic malignancies in the United States [35]. Mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2 and Sporadic (without BRCA1 and BRCA2 mu ...
... cancer [34]. Similarly ovarian cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer related deaths in American women of all ages as well as being the most prevalent cause of death from gynaecologic malignancies in the United States [35]. Mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2 and Sporadic (without BRCA1 and BRCA2 mu ...
Appearance Of Seasonal Allergens
... additional areas that predispose individuals to prostate cancer • HPCX which appeared in Nature in 1998 • Epidemiologic observations suggest that men with a brother affected with prostate cancer are more likely to get prostate cancer than those whose father was only affected • This suggests linkage ...
... additional areas that predispose individuals to prostate cancer • HPCX which appeared in Nature in 1998 • Epidemiologic observations suggest that men with a brother affected with prostate cancer are more likely to get prostate cancer than those whose father was only affected • This suggests linkage ...
But I’m Too Young! A Case Study of Ovarian Cancer
... “I learned about those genes on the Internet! Is it true that some ovarian cancers are associated with mutated copies of genes called BRCA1 or BRCA2?” asked Abby. “Yes,” said Dr. Allen. “You likely were born with one mutated copy of these genes already. A mutation of the second copy could have occur ...
... “I learned about those genes on the Internet! Is it true that some ovarian cancers are associated with mutated copies of genes called BRCA1 or BRCA2?” asked Abby. “Yes,” said Dr. Allen. “You likely were born with one mutated copy of these genes already. A mutation of the second copy could have occur ...
The Genetics of Breast and Ovarian Cancer I: A Model of Family
... rare in the population, and moreover there are hundreds of different mutations in each. Most of these have only ever been observed in one family. Only the most expensive form of genetic testing (full gene sequencing, currently costing about U.S. $2 400 for both genes) can detect any mutation; cheape ...
... rare in the population, and moreover there are hundreds of different mutations in each. Most of these have only ever been observed in one family. Only the most expensive form of genetic testing (full gene sequencing, currently costing about U.S. $2 400 for both genes) can detect any mutation; cheape ...
Molecular-3
... silencing, has also been observed in some cancer cells. In the sporadic form of retinoblastoma, both alleles are also inactivated, but in this case, the inactivation results from two somatic events occurring in the same cell. ...
... silencing, has also been observed in some cancer cells. In the sporadic form of retinoblastoma, both alleles are also inactivated, but in this case, the inactivation results from two somatic events occurring in the same cell. ...
What is Cancer?
... Abby had already learned a lot about ovarian cancer so she followed Dr. Allen’s explanation. “I’m only 20 years old. How did I get ovarian cancer? Isn’t this a disease of older women? “Typically ovarian cancer does affect older women. However, you may have a genetic predisposition for it. Cancer cel ...
... Abby had already learned a lot about ovarian cancer so she followed Dr. Allen’s explanation. “I’m only 20 years old. How did I get ovarian cancer? Isn’t this a disease of older women? “Typically ovarian cancer does affect older women. However, you may have a genetic predisposition for it. Cancer cel ...
BRCA mutation
A BRCA mutation is a mutation in either of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, which are tumor suppressor genes. Hundreds of different types of mutations in these genes have been identified, some of which have been determined to be harmful, while others as benign or of still unknown or uncertain impact. Harmful mutations in these genes may produce a hereditary breast-ovarian cancer syndrome in affected persons. Only 5-10% of breast cancer cases in women are attributed to BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations (with BRCA1 mutations being slightly more common than BRCA2 mutations), but the impact on women with the gene mutation is more profound. Women with harmful mutations in either BRCA1 or BRCA2 have a risk of breast cancer that is about five times the normal risk, and a risk of ovarian cancer that is about ten to thirty times normal. The risk of breast and ovarian cancer is higher for women with a high-risk BRCA1 mutation than with a BRCA2 mutation. Having a high-risk mutation does not guarantee that the woman will develop any type of cancer, or imply that any cancer that appears was actually caused by the mutation, rather than some other factor.High-risk mutations, which disable an important error-free DNA repair process (homology directed repair), significantly increase the person's risk of developing breast cancer, ovarian cancer and certain other cancers. Why BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations lead preferentially to cancers of the breast and ovary is not known, but lack of BRCA1 function seems to lead to non-functional X-chromosome inactivation. Not all mutations are high-risk; some appear to be harmless variations. The cancer risk associated with any given mutation varies significantly and depends on the exact type and location of the mutation and possibly other individual factors.Mutations can be inherited from either parent and may be passed on to both sons and daughters. Each child of a genetic carrier, regardless of sex, has a 50% chance of inheriting the mutated gene from the parent who carries the mutation. As a result, half of the people with BRCA gene mutations are male, who would then pass the mutation on to 50% of their offspring, male or female. The risk of BRCA-related breast cancers for men with the mutation is higher than for other men, but still low. However, BRCA mutations can increase the risk of other cancers, such as colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, and prostate cancer.Methods to diagnose the likelihood of a patient with mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 getting cancer were covered by patents owned or controlled by Myriad Genetics. Myriad's business model of exclusively offering the diagnostic test led to Myriad growing from being a startup in 1994 to being a publicly traded company with 1200 employees and about $500M in annual revenue in 2012; it also led to controversy over high prices and the inability to get second opinions from other diagnostic labs, which in turn led to the landmark Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics lawsuit.