LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034
... 6. The macrophages present in the kidney are called kupffer cells. 7. Phagolysosome formation is associated with exogenous mode of antigen processing. 8. Native forms of antigens are more immunogenic than denatured antigens. 9. Monoclonal antibodies take longer time span to be produced and are labou ...
... 6. The macrophages present in the kidney are called kupffer cells. 7. Phagolysosome formation is associated with exogenous mode of antigen processing. 8. Native forms of antigens are more immunogenic than denatured antigens. 9. Monoclonal antibodies take longer time span to be produced and are labou ...
The Human Immune System
... How long does active immunity last? • It depends on the antigen • Some disease-causing bacteria multiply into new forms that our body doesn’t recognize, requiring annual vaccinations, like the flu shot • Booster shot - reminds the immune system of the antigen • Others last a lifetime, like chicken ...
... How long does active immunity last? • It depends on the antigen • Some disease-causing bacteria multiply into new forms that our body doesn’t recognize, requiring annual vaccinations, like the flu shot • Booster shot - reminds the immune system of the antigen • Others last a lifetime, like chicken ...
Cellular Immune Response
... In some cases, no treatment is required for DiGeorge syndrome because T lymphocyte production improves, otherwise fetal thymus transplant or bone marrow transplant. ...
... In some cases, no treatment is required for DiGeorge syndrome because T lymphocyte production improves, otherwise fetal thymus transplant or bone marrow transplant. ...
Appendix B University of Delaware Hepatitis B Vaccination Declination Form
... The dates of vaccination, to the best of my knowledge, are: Vaccine 1: ________________ Vaccine 2: ________________ Vaccine 3: ________________ Please attach a copy of any vaccination verification if possible. ...
... The dates of vaccination, to the best of my knowledge, are: Vaccine 1: ________________ Vaccine 2: ________________ Vaccine 3: ________________ Please attach a copy of any vaccination verification if possible. ...
Name ______ Class __________ Date _____________ Immune
... system. It is caused by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) which is a viral disease that damages the immune system leaving it unable to fight infections and cancerous cells. People who have AIDS are very susceptible or vulnerable to other infections because their immune systems no longer work proper ...
... system. It is caused by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) which is a viral disease that damages the immune system leaving it unable to fight infections and cancerous cells. People who have AIDS are very susceptible or vulnerable to other infections because their immune systems no longer work proper ...
Health Information Synopsis for New Admissions
... A minimum 10 panel drug screen (with urine alcohol screen for Radiologic Technology Students) will be required for students after acceptance into health science programs as a condition for beginning clinical education. This drug screen must be within 90-days of the 1st day of your clinical rotation. ...
... A minimum 10 panel drug screen (with urine alcohol screen for Radiologic Technology Students) will be required for students after acceptance into health science programs as a condition for beginning clinical education. This drug screen must be within 90-days of the 1st day of your clinical rotation. ...
PDF full-Text
... 2014, XV, 616 p. 261 illus., 171 illus. in color. ISBN 9783-642-37250-6 • Provides detailed information on numerous aspects of nasal physiology and pathophysiology. • Covers all four functions of the nose: respiration, defense, olfaction, and cosmesis. ...
... 2014, XV, 616 p. 261 illus., 171 illus. in color. ISBN 9783-642-37250-6 • Provides detailed information on numerous aspects of nasal physiology and pathophysiology. • Covers all four functions of the nose: respiration, defense, olfaction, and cosmesis. ...
Pig Health - Porcine Parvovirus Pig Health - Porcine
... Natural challenge can be achieved by active exposure of unserved gilts to weaner faeces up to 2 weeks prior to service as a form of controlled exposure to other agents for which no vaccine is available, known on the farm and should only occur under veterinary direction. Exposure of gilts to cull sow ...
... Natural challenge can be achieved by active exposure of unserved gilts to weaner faeces up to 2 weeks prior to service as a form of controlled exposure to other agents for which no vaccine is available, known on the farm and should only occur under veterinary direction. Exposure of gilts to cull sow ...
Immunity - Yengage
... Alternate pathway— Activation of alternate pathway is triggered due to binding of a protein present in the circulation “factor1” with the polysaccharide present on the cell membrane of invading organism. This activates C3 and C5 which ultimately attack the organism. ...
... Alternate pathway— Activation of alternate pathway is triggered due to binding of a protein present in the circulation “factor1” with the polysaccharide present on the cell membrane of invading organism. This activates C3 and C5 which ultimately attack the organism. ...
10_12_immuno~2
... European history) is by Thucydides (460-404 BC, Athens), who described the great pestilence of 430-429 BC in Athens, during the second year of the Peloponnesian War, an outbreak that killed more than 30,000 people (out of a population of 172,000) – Thucydides noted that those who had recovered would ...
... European history) is by Thucydides (460-404 BC, Athens), who described the great pestilence of 430-429 BC in Athens, during the second year of the Peloponnesian War, an outbreak that killed more than 30,000 people (out of a population of 172,000) – Thucydides noted that those who had recovered would ...
Vaccines
... • Although initially it was thought that the hepatitis B vaccine did not provide indefinite protection, this is no longer considered the case. Previous reports had suggested vaccination would provide effective cover of between five and seven years, but subsequently it has been appreciated that long- ...
... • Although initially it was thought that the hepatitis B vaccine did not provide indefinite protection, this is no longer considered the case. Previous reports had suggested vaccination would provide effective cover of between five and seven years, but subsequently it has been appreciated that long- ...
The Avian Immune System - EDIS
... B-cells. However, the T-lymphocytes are programmed in the thymus rather than the BF. The T-lymphocytes include a more heterogeneous population than the B-cells. Some T-cells act by producing lymphokines (over 90 different ones have been identified); others directly destroy disease organisms; some T- ...
... B-cells. However, the T-lymphocytes are programmed in the thymus rather than the BF. The T-lymphocytes include a more heterogeneous population than the B-cells. Some T-cells act by producing lymphokines (over 90 different ones have been identified); others directly destroy disease organisms; some T- ...
macrophage - immunology.unideb.hu
... Macrophages ingest and degrade particulate antigens through the use of long pseudopodia that bind and engulf bacteria. The engulfed bacteria are degraded when the phagosome fuses with a vesicle containing proteolytic enzymes (lysosome), forming the phagolysosome. Specialized compartments also exist ...
... Macrophages ingest and degrade particulate antigens through the use of long pseudopodia that bind and engulf bacteria. The engulfed bacteria are degraded when the phagosome fuses with a vesicle containing proteolytic enzymes (lysosome), forming the phagolysosome. Specialized compartments also exist ...
PowerPoint Slides
... •Mumps, measles, rubella, chickenpox, whooping cough, smallpox, diphtheria, tetanus, and polio* ...
... •Mumps, measles, rubella, chickenpox, whooping cough, smallpox, diphtheria, tetanus, and polio* ...
APO-4: Microbes and you: who will win the war
... 4. The measles vaccine is an attenuated strain of the measles virus. What does this mean? Why would an attenuated strain be more effective against a measles infection than a "killed" or inactivated virus? ...
... 4. The measles vaccine is an attenuated strain of the measles virus. What does this mean? Why would an attenuated strain be more effective against a measles infection than a "killed" or inactivated virus? ...
Microbiology Ch 1 p3-10 [4-20
... -Rubella, Syphilis, HIV or cytomegalovirus can infect the fetus -mother endows fetus with antibodies through circulation and through milk Exogenously Encountered Diseases – result from encounters with agents in the environment – catching a cold, or getting typhoid fever from food/water Endogenously ...
... -Rubella, Syphilis, HIV or cytomegalovirus can infect the fetus -mother endows fetus with antibodies through circulation and through milk Exogenously Encountered Diseases – result from encounters with agents in the environment – catching a cold, or getting typhoid fever from food/water Endogenously ...
Vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (whooping cough
... inflammation of the brain (encephalitis) and can result in permanent paralysis. Deaths occur. Today, polio is eradicated in Norway but unvaccinated people can be infected when travelling abroad and infect others upon their return. ...
... inflammation of the brain (encephalitis) and can result in permanent paralysis. Deaths occur. Today, polio is eradicated in Norway but unvaccinated people can be infected when travelling abroad and infect others upon their return. ...
Notes
... disease or a vaccination for a disease at a prior time; the white blood cells will destroy the pathogen once its recognized to prevent it from reproducing and re-infecting the animal. • Active immunity is typically permanent and will usually last the entire life of the animal. However, in some cases ...
... disease or a vaccination for a disease at a prior time; the white blood cells will destroy the pathogen once its recognized to prevent it from reproducing and re-infecting the animal. • Active immunity is typically permanent and will usually last the entire life of the animal. However, in some cases ...
Infections in the compromised host
... • HHV-8 has been associated with the development of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) in individuals with AIDS • EBV infection can lead to tumor development ...
... • HHV-8 has been associated with the development of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) in individuals with AIDS • EBV infection can lead to tumor development ...
Chapter 31 Immune System and Diseases
... • Low fevers stimulate the production of interferons, which prevent viruses from reproducing • Low fevers also make white blood cells mature faster, which is important because only mature WBCs can destroy pathogens • High fevers (103°F or above) are dangerous because at that point, the hypothalamus ...
... • Low fevers stimulate the production of interferons, which prevent viruses from reproducing • Low fevers also make white blood cells mature faster, which is important because only mature WBCs can destroy pathogens • High fevers (103°F or above) are dangerous because at that point, the hypothalamus ...
Clostridial Disease Enzootic abortion
... companies including England, Wales and Scotland. It is spread by midges and causes foetal deformities including twisted spines and fused joints. As far as we know it is not transmitted directly between animals. This means that even if a flock has experienced clinical cases in previous years a propor ...
... companies including England, Wales and Scotland. It is spread by midges and causes foetal deformities including twisted spines and fused joints. As far as we know it is not transmitted directly between animals. This means that even if a flock has experienced clinical cases in previous years a propor ...
Chapter 31 Immune System and Diseases
... • Low fevers stimulate the production of interferons, which prevent viruses from reproducing • Low fevers also make white blood cells mature faster, which is important because only mature WBCs can destroy pathogens • High fevers (103°F or above) are dangerous because at that point, the hypothalamus ...
... • Low fevers stimulate the production of interferons, which prevent viruses from reproducing • Low fevers also make white blood cells mature faster, which is important because only mature WBCs can destroy pathogens • High fevers (103°F or above) are dangerous because at that point, the hypothalamus ...
Glossary
... acquired. The innate response occurs very quickly in response to infection and does not depend on recognizing specific proteins or antigens. The acquired, or learned, immune response occurs when the immune system recognizes very specific pathogens (viruses or bacteria) and creates antibodies to comb ...
... acquired. The innate response occurs very quickly in response to infection and does not depend on recognizing specific proteins or antigens. The acquired, or learned, immune response occurs when the immune system recognizes very specific pathogens (viruses or bacteria) and creates antibodies to comb ...
Kirsanova T
... Rotavirus is one of the leading causes of a severe diarrhea leading to dehydration in infants. Most children are infected with these highly contagious viruses before they reach the age of 5 (according to numerous European studies to 80-85% of children of five years of life in blood has IgG to rotavi ...
... Rotavirus is one of the leading causes of a severe diarrhea leading to dehydration in infants. Most children are infected with these highly contagious viruses before they reach the age of 5 (according to numerous European studies to 80-85% of children of five years of life in blood has IgG to rotavi ...
Herd immunity
Herd immunity (also called herd effect, community immunity, population immunity, or social immunity) is a form of indirect protection from infectious disease that occurs when a large percentage of a population has become immune to an infection, thereby providing a measure of protection for individuals who are not immune. In a population in which a large number of individuals are immune, chains of infection are likely to be disrupted, which stops or slows the spread of disease. The greater the proportion of individuals in a community who are immune, the smaller the probability that those who are not immune will come into contact with an infectious individual.Individual immunity can be gained through recovering from a natural infection or through artificial means such as vaccination. Some individuals cannot become immune due to medical reasons and in this group herd immunity is an important method of protection. Once a certain threshold has been reached, herd immunity will gradually eliminate a disease from a population. This elimination, if achieved worldwide, may result in the permanent reduction in the number of infections to zero, called eradication. This method was used for the eradication of smallpox in 1977 and for the regional elimination of other diseases. Herd immunity does not apply to all diseases, just those that are contagious, meaning that they can be transmitted from one individual to another. Tetanus, for example, is infectious but not contagious, so herd immunity does not apply.The term herd immunity was first used in 1923. It was recognized as a naturally occurring phenomenon in the 1930s when it was observed that after a significant number of children had become immune to measles, the number of new infections temporarily decreased, including among susceptible children. Mass vaccination to induce herd immunity has since become common and proved successful in preventing the spread of many infectious diseases. Opposition to vaccination has posed a challenge to herd immunity, allowing preventable diseases to persist in or return to communities that have inadequate vaccination rates.