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”  ⊙    Prohibited Substances [1] Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids
” ⊙ Prohibited Substances [1] Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

... cardiovascular system. (Parssinen M, 2002) (b) Mortality rates among elite power lifters during the years of follow up was 12.9% in the body-builders compared with 3.1 % in the controll population. The causes of death among the power lifters include suicide, acute myocardial infarction, hepatic coma ...
Candy or Medicine? - poison prevention and education
Candy or Medicine? - poison prevention and education

... coronary artery disease (CAD), the leading cause of death in the US. VLDL is also known as a “bad” cholesterol, as it carries triglycerides to organs and tissues. LDL and VLDL are the reasons why your doctor tells you to reduce your cholesterol intake. HDL on the other hand, is known as the “good” c ...
Managing congestive heart failure
Managing congestive heart failure

... Class I: General agreement or evidence that a therapy is beneficial ►(therapy is recommended) Class II: Conflicting evidence IIa: evidence in favor of efficacy ►( therapy should be considered)  IIb: evidence less well established ►( therapy may be considered) ...
Congestive Heart failure - Lebanese Society of Family
Congestive Heart failure - Lebanese Society of Family

... Class I: General agreement or evidence that a therapy is beneficial ►(therapy is recommended) Class II: Conflicting evidence IIa: evidence in favor of efficacy ►( therapy should be considered)  IIb: evidence less well established ►( therapy may be considered) ...
Common Mechanisms
Common Mechanisms

... “A total of 956 children with a male to female ratio of 3.5:1 had been diagnosed with autism during the period 1971–2000. Figure 1 shows the incidence rates according to calendar year and age band. The incidence was stable until 1990 and thereafter it increased in all age groups until 1999. Generall ...
Dissolving Illusions: Disease, Vaccines, and the Forgotten History A
Dissolving Illusions: Disease, Vaccines, and the Forgotten History A

... vaccine had its susceptibility, had its spreading factor. The diseases are all different and the stories behind the vaccines are all different. But when I started with smallpox, which is a disease I really knew nothing about, except that when I was in school, the way they decided if we were immune o ...
Role of Communities in Coverage and Demand
Role of Communities in Coverage and Demand

... supply delivery mechanisms are equally important. ...
Title: A longitudinal study of BCG vaccination: dynamics
Title: A longitudinal study of BCG vaccination: dynamics

... disease outcome later in life [9,10] or for responses to vaccination at infancy [11]. ...
Changes to MenC conjugate vaccine schedule
Changes to MenC conjugate vaccine schedule

... Intussusception •Intussusception is a naturally occurring condition of the intestines – around 120 cases per 100,000 children under 1 year. •Research from some countries suggests that Rotarix® may be associated with a very small increased risk of intussusception – possibly 2 cases per 100,000 first ...
Sawyer-Banda Travel Clinic Nursing - Bonnie Sawyer
Sawyer-Banda Travel Clinic Nursing - Bonnie Sawyer

... raises the risk for many health and safety problems) Destination – travel to remote, rural and underdeveloped destinations. Travel to areas with inadequate health and safety services; and travel to areas of unrest add to risk. Season of travel – risk of infectious disease and climate related illness ...
Slides - CT-AAP
Slides - CT-AAP

... • Need to monitor blood level for therapeutic range and to follow liver function tests • May be useful in patients with seizures and aggression ...
Poliomyelitis: Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (PDF)
Poliomyelitis: Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (PDF)

... Trivalent OPV was the vaccine of choice in the United States (and most other countries of the world) since it was licensed in 1963. The nearly exclusive use of OPV led to elimination of wild-type poliovirus from the United States in less than 20 years. However, one case of VAPP occurred for every 2 ...
Upper and Lower Respiratory Disorders Upper Respiratory Infection
Upper and Lower Respiratory Disorders Upper Respiratory Infection

General Anesthetics
General Anesthetics

... prefer to use intravenous injections, as they are faster, generally less painful and more reliable than intramuscular or subcutaneous injections. Among the most widely used drugs are: Propofol, Etomidate, Barbiturates such as methohexital and thiopentone/thiopental, Benzodiazepine such as midazolam ...
Gugulipid (Gum Guggul)
Gugulipid (Gum Guggul)

... LDL to HDL-cholesterol ratio, in a manner that is associated with a reduced risk of heart disease and related cardiovascular disorders. One of these trials tested Gugulipid against the cholesterol lowering drug clofibrate, in a study involving 228 hypercholesterolemic patients. Results showed that ...
Lecture 14 Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Lecture 14 Complementary and Alternative Medicine

... What is evidence-based medicine? Treatment that will improve patient outcomes by well-designed, appropriately powered, randomized, controlled clinical trials. There is not good evidence (Grade A) that many of the commonly used therapies in conventional medicine are effective (ex: heparin, aspirin, a ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... large blister, fills with pus, and begins to drain. During the second week, the blister begins to dry up and a scab forms. The scab falls off in the third week, leaving a small scar. People who are being vaccinated for the first time have a stronger ...
Bridging the Gap: Human Diploid Cell Strains and the Origin of AIDS
Bridging the Gap: Human Diploid Cell Strains and the Origin of AIDS

... of the animal colony were vaccinated with attenuated virus in order to protect them against possible exposure to the virulent poliomyelitis used for challenge of vaccinated chimpanzees.'' If HIV-1 actually originated from SIV infection of chimpanzees (Gao et al., 1999), it is conceivable that the po ...
Steedman2015-1090-R1-jebFinal
Steedman2015-1090-R1-jebFinal

... Millennium Development Goals, which include goals on improving maternal health and reducing child mortality, millions of mothers and newborns still die tragically and unnecessarily each year. Many of these deaths result from vaccinepreventable diseases, where obstacles such as cost and accessibility ...
A novel bivalent morphine/heroin vaccine that prevents relapse to
A novel bivalent morphine/heroin vaccine that prevents relapse to

... chain of carbon atoms of low structural complexity, which may reduce its potential role as immunopredominant determinant when haptenized morphine is exposed to immune cells. 3.2. Vaccine immunogenicity and characterization of humoral response We further investigated the immunogenic capability of the ...
General Recommendations on Immunization
General Recommendations on Immunization

... programs and maximizing their benefits. Any person or institution that provides vaccination services should adopt these standar protect children, adolescents, and adults from vaccine-preventable diseases. To maximize the benefits of vaccination, this report provides general information regarding im ...
Infant and Toddler Growth and Development
Infant and Toddler Growth and Development

... Children> 2- 10 years ↑risk factors Sickle cell disease. ...
Infant and Toddler Growth and Development
Infant and Toddler Growth and Development

... Children> 2- 10 years ↑risk factors Sickle cell disease. ...
Consensus Statement on the use of Human Papillomavirus (HPV
Consensus Statement on the use of Human Papillomavirus (HPV

... 6,11,16,18,31,33,45,52,58) have been registered in Hong Kong for the prevention of cervical cancer and/or other HPV-related diseases. All three vaccines could prevent infections from HPV-16 and 18, which account for about 70% of all cervical cancer worldwide. The 9-valent vaccine covers five additio ...
Pharmacology
Pharmacology

... Gimme ‘da DRUGS, man! ...
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Non-specific effect of vaccines



Non-specific effects of vaccines (also called “heterologous effects"" or ""off-target effects"") are effects which go beyond the specific protective effects against the targeted diseases. Non-specific effects can be strongly beneficial, increasing protection against non-targeted infections, but also at times negative, increasing susceptibility to non-targeted infections. This depends on both the vaccine and the sex of the infant.All live attenuated vaccines studied so far (BCG vaccine, measles vaccine, oral polio vaccine, smallpox vaccine) have been shown to reduce mortality more than can be explained by prevention of the targeted infections. In contrast, inactivated vaccines (diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine (DTP), hepatitis B vaccine, inactivated polio vaccine) may increase overall mortality despite providing protection against the target diseases.These effects may be long-lasting, at least up to the time point where a new type of vaccine is given. The non-specific effects can be very pronounced, with significant effects on overall mortality and morbidity. In a situation with herd immunity to the target disease, the non-specific effects can be more important for overall health than the specific vaccine effects.The non-specific effects should not be confused with the side effects of vaccines (such as local reactions at the side of vaccination or general reactions such as fever, head ache or rash, which usually resolve within days to weeks - or in rare cases anaphylaxis). Rather, non-specific effects represent a form of general immunomodulation, with important consequences for the immune system’s ability to handle subsequent challenges.It is estimated that millions of child deaths in low income countries could be prevented every year if the non-specific effects of vaccines were taken into consideration in immunization programs.
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