What to Do about Climate Change Executive Summary by Indur M. Goklany
... climate change to human health and environmental threats will generally be overshadowed by factors not related to climate change. Hence, climate change is unlikely to be the world’s most important environmental problem of the 21st century. Analysis using both the Stern Review and the fast-track asse ...
... climate change to human health and environmental threats will generally be overshadowed by factors not related to climate change. Hence, climate change is unlikely to be the world’s most important environmental problem of the 21st century. Analysis using both the Stern Review and the fast-track asse ...
Use of models in detection and attribution of climate change
... also objectively evaluate the ability of climate models to simulate observed climate change, assess the role of external factors versus climate variability in observed climate change, and enable prediction of future climate change that is grounded in changes observed so far.5,6 Before discussing mod ...
... also objectively evaluate the ability of climate models to simulate observed climate change, assess the role of external factors versus climate variability in observed climate change, and enable prediction of future climate change that is grounded in changes observed so far.5,6 Before discussing mod ...
Projected effects of climate change on water supply reliability in Mid
... stock water and irrigation. Water supply reliability is a function of both water availability and water demand. Climate change potentially impacts both. Changes in natural water flows (in rivers and aquifers) and agricultural water demand, in combination with current Regional Council water allocatio ...
... stock water and irrigation. Water supply reliability is a function of both water availability and water demand. Climate change potentially impacts both. Changes in natural water flows (in rivers and aquifers) and agricultural water demand, in combination with current Regional Council water allocatio ...
Marine climate change impacts
... This presents challenges when trying to identify appropriate management responses as there is a need to attribute any impacts to human activities, natural variability, climate change or a combination of these factors. Within networks: The identification and establishment of marine protected areas in ...
... This presents challenges when trying to identify appropriate management responses as there is a need to attribute any impacts to human activities, natural variability, climate change or a combination of these factors. Within networks: The identification and establishment of marine protected areas in ...
ECOSYSTEM-BASED ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE: THE
... This research project is part of the Urban Protected Areas (UPA) Network program: “Urban National Parks in Emerging Countries and Cities” (UNPEC). UNPEC is an interdisciplinary program of both basic and applied research (2012-2015) working about Cape Town, Mumbai, Nairobi, Rio and their national par ...
... This research project is part of the Urban Protected Areas (UPA) Network program: “Urban National Parks in Emerging Countries and Cities” (UNPEC). UNPEC is an interdisciplinary program of both basic and applied research (2012-2015) working about Cape Town, Mumbai, Nairobi, Rio and their national par ...
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... Highland. There are over 200 nursery education providers, 183 Primary Schools, 29 Secondary Schools and 3 Special Schools. Libraries, Leisure Centres and Museums are now managed by High Life Highland on behalf of Highland Council. 1.2.4 Finance: The Service is responsible for the financial affairs o ...
... Highland. There are over 200 nursery education providers, 183 Primary Schools, 29 Secondary Schools and 3 Special Schools. Libraries, Leisure Centres and Museums are now managed by High Life Highland on behalf of Highland Council. 1.2.4 Finance: The Service is responsible for the financial affairs o ...
DRO 2 Natural environment - Department of Infrastructure, Local
... Clean air and water are two of the fundamental services provided by SEQ’s environmental assets. Monitoring data shows that the region generally has good air quality. Maintaining clean air into the future presents a challenge for a region with a rapidly growing population that has a correspondingly h ...
... Clean air and water are two of the fundamental services provided by SEQ’s environmental assets. Monitoring data shows that the region generally has good air quality. Maintaining clean air into the future presents a challenge for a region with a rapidly growing population that has a correspondingly h ...
Article - Cerfacs
... (Figure 1b). The model (CSi) reproduces this warming trend that occurred during the last two decades. Simulated temperatures are warmer (cooler) than observed ones over the 1950– 1979 (1980 – 1999) period. In terms of interannual variability, the average of the correlations between all simulated (CS ...
... (Figure 1b). The model (CSi) reproduces this warming trend that occurred during the last two decades. Simulated temperatures are warmer (cooler) than observed ones over the 1950– 1979 (1980 – 1999) period. In terms of interannual variability, the average of the correlations between all simulated (CS ...
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... In order to assess the systemic general equilibrium effects of climate change on agriculture and land use, we use a multi-region world CGE model called GTAP-EFL, which is a refinement of the GTAP model2 (Hertel, 1997) in the GTAP-E version, modified by Burniaux and Truong (2002)3 . Basically, in the ...
... In order to assess the systemic general equilibrium effects of climate change on agriculture and land use, we use a multi-region world CGE model called GTAP-EFL, which is a refinement of the GTAP model2 (Hertel, 1997) in the GTAP-E version, modified by Burniaux and Truong (2002)3 . Basically, in the ...
Potential Arctic tundra vegetation shifts in
... The factors that drive the observed tundra vegetation composition changes, especially shrub expansion, and their consequences are not yet well understood. Increased air temperatures lead to higher soil temperatures, especially in the shallow layers, and may thus promote microbial activity, thereby i ...
... The factors that drive the observed tundra vegetation composition changes, especially shrub expansion, and their consequences are not yet well understood. Increased air temperatures lead to higher soil temperatures, especially in the shallow layers, and may thus promote microbial activity, thereby i ...
Mean, interannual variability and trends in a regional climate
... Figure 4a, b shows a widespread and statistically significant increase in DJF precipitation over most of Europe north of about 42°N. This is due to at least two factors. The first is the increase in winter storm activity over the central-northern European regions (see Fig. 2a, b) and the second is an ...
... Figure 4a, b shows a widespread and statistically significant increase in DJF precipitation over most of Europe north of about 42°N. This is due to at least two factors. The first is the increase in winter storm activity over the central-northern European regions (see Fig. 2a, b) and the second is an ...
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... on growth of warmer temperatures and longer growing seasons could be cancelled out by a decline in precipitation and an increase in decomposition rates. Although carbon fertilization has already increased productivity in some tropical zones, this effect is likely to be temporary. Particularly in dry ...
... on growth of warmer temperatures and longer growing seasons could be cancelled out by a decline in precipitation and an increase in decomposition rates. Although carbon fertilization has already increased productivity in some tropical zones, this effect is likely to be temporary. Particularly in dry ...
- Wiley Online Library
... of ‘drought avoidance’ (Borland et al., 2011, 2014). This is distinct from ‘drought tolerance’, which is typically observed in arid and semi-arid C3 and C4 plants that show the capacity to endure low cell water potential or in extreme cases, desiccation (Ogburn & Edwards, 2010). Integrated over a 24 ...
... of ‘drought avoidance’ (Borland et al., 2011, 2014). This is distinct from ‘drought tolerance’, which is typically observed in arid and semi-arid C3 and C4 plants that show the capacity to endure low cell water potential or in extreme cases, desiccation (Ogburn & Edwards, 2010). Integrated over a 24 ...
Using the UKCP09 probabilistic scenarios to model the amplified
... period events. Furthermore, for the 2070–2099 High emissions scenario, sediment discharges from 50-yr return period events are predicted to be 5 times larger than baseline values. ...
... period events. Furthermore, for the 2070–2099 High emissions scenario, sediment discharges from 50-yr return period events are predicted to be 5 times larger than baseline values. ...
1 Alpine Treeline of Western North America - UNC
... The effect of a patch on its surroundings may be a positive feedback (Malanson 1997, Callaway et al ????). Once a tree becomes established in a suitable microsite, the growing tree reinforces wind protection and increases snow accumulation and the fine mineral and organic fractions of the soil. This ...
... The effect of a patch on its surroundings may be a positive feedback (Malanson 1997, Callaway et al ????). Once a tree becomes established in a suitable microsite, the growing tree reinforces wind protection and increases snow accumulation and the fine mineral and organic fractions of the soil. This ...
Building Resilient Communities in Maryland: A Stakeholder Forum
... Weather: It is what you get: look out of the window now. Climate: Aggregated pattern of weather averages, extremes, timing, geographic distribution) of… ...
... Weather: It is what you get: look out of the window now. Climate: Aggregated pattern of weather averages, extremes, timing, geographic distribution) of… ...
Predicting population consequences of ocean climate
... drive the upwelling of cold, nutrient-rich water into the euphotic zone and stimulate phytoplankton production (Huyer, 1983). Decreases in upwelling-favorable winds and the influx of warm surface water, which occur during El Niño events, and delays in the onset of upwelling can have dramatic ecosys ...
... drive the upwelling of cold, nutrient-rich water into the euphotic zone and stimulate phytoplankton production (Huyer, 1983). Decreases in upwelling-favorable winds and the influx of warm surface water, which occur during El Niño events, and delays in the onset of upwelling can have dramatic ecosys ...
Present and future responses of growing degree days for
... these favourable thermal conditions will increase in the future. In summary, the main cultivation period could be reduced and shifted from April–October to April–September, especially in the 1-year cultivations of the current study. This fact could directly affect (and reduce) the production costs, ...
... these favourable thermal conditions will increase in the future. In summary, the main cultivation period could be reduced and shifted from April–October to April–September, especially in the 1-year cultivations of the current study. This fact could directly affect (and reduce) the production costs, ...
Effects of sheep grazing and precipitation patterns on sandy... Inner Mongolia, China
... canopy height were higher in rainy years or warm, moist periods than in drought years or sustained drought periods, the differences in height and species richness were not significant; (3) continuous overgrazing can result in unpalatable herbage becoming dominant in the grassland community; (4) a su ...
... canopy height were higher in rainy years or warm, moist periods than in drought years or sustained drought periods, the differences in height and species richness were not significant; (3) continuous overgrazing can result in unpalatable herbage becoming dominant in the grassland community; (4) a su ...
Climate change adaptation plan for the
... On the Montréal agglomeration territory, the impacts of the increase in average temperatures on the built environment are mainly observed in the wintertime. The increased number of freeze-thaw cycles entails an accelerated deterioration of the arteries of the Montréal roadway system and a greater pr ...
... On the Montréal agglomeration territory, the impacts of the increase in average temperatures on the built environment are mainly observed in the wintertime. The increased number of freeze-thaw cycles entails an accelerated deterioration of the arteries of the Montréal roadway system and a greater pr ...
Modelling forest growth and carbon storage in response to
... easier to predict as it is possible to study growth of plants currently growing in regions with different temperatures, and use their observed growth as a guide to plant responses with global warming. Such responses constitute important constraints on likely plant responses, but they do not represen ...
... easier to predict as it is possible to study growth of plants currently growing in regions with different temperatures, and use their observed growth as a guide to plant responses with global warming. Such responses constitute important constraints on likely plant responses, but they do not represen ...
Adapting to Climate Change in Ottawa
... The goals of this workshop were to communicate the importance of adaptation as a response to climate change and to encourage and support the ongoing efforts underway within the City of Ottawa to adapt to climate change. Attendees of this workshop, mostly members of Ottawa municipal staff, had some e ...
... The goals of this workshop were to communicate the importance of adaptation as a response to climate change and to encourage and support the ongoing efforts underway within the City of Ottawa to adapt to climate change. Attendees of this workshop, mostly members of Ottawa municipal staff, had some e ...
Vegetative Response to Long-Term Resource
... Considering their sensitivity to change, alpine plant communities are useful systems in studying the indirect effects of anthropogenic activities on the environment. Climate change is increasing variability of temperature and precipitation, shifting wind patterns, and altering nutrient composition a ...
... Considering their sensitivity to change, alpine plant communities are useful systems in studying the indirect effects of anthropogenic activities on the environment. Climate change is increasing variability of temperature and precipitation, shifting wind patterns, and altering nutrient composition a ...
Climate Change in the Himalayas
... province of China find higher warming rates at higher altitudes (e.g. Liu et al., 2009; Liu and Chen, 2000; Qin et al., 2009; Thompson et al., 2003; Yang et al., 2011). Similar findings are reported by Shrestha et al. (1999) for Nepalese Himalayas and Khattak et al. (2011) in winter (Dec-Feb) Tmax f ...
... province of China find higher warming rates at higher altitudes (e.g. Liu et al., 2009; Liu and Chen, 2000; Qin et al., 2009; Thompson et al., 2003; Yang et al., 2011). Similar findings are reported by Shrestha et al. (1999) for Nepalese Himalayas and Khattak et al. (2011) in winter (Dec-Feb) Tmax f ...
Biogeosciences
... M. Liu et al.: What is the importance of climate model bias? year investment payback periods, and perennial crops have investment horizons of 10 to 30 years. Although the deficiencies of BC are known, the effects of BC on the climate change signal and hence the consequences of BC on hydrometeorology ...
... M. Liu et al.: What is the importance of climate model bias? year investment payback periods, and perennial crops have investment horizons of 10 to 30 years. Although the deficiencies of BC are known, the effects of BC on the climate change signal and hence the consequences of BC on hydrometeorology ...