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... the causes and effects of climate change in recent years (Tol, 2010). Although there are still some controversies about the details (Idso and Singer, 2009), it is widely accepted that climate change has already started to be effective and significance of the impacts will increase through the 21st ce ...
... the causes and effects of climate change in recent years (Tol, 2010). Although there are still some controversies about the details (Idso and Singer, 2009), it is widely accepted that climate change has already started to be effective and significance of the impacts will increase through the 21st ce ...
Increasing Atmospheric Poleward Energy Transport with Global
... change in cloud SW effect is the dominant source of uncertainty among models. The EBM with a fixed MSE diffusivity explains the spread in increasing poleward atmospheric energy transport. Variations in atmospheric dynamics in the different models are not needed to understand the differences among mo ...
... change in cloud SW effect is the dominant source of uncertainty among models. The EBM with a fixed MSE diffusivity explains the spread in increasing poleward atmospheric energy transport. Variations in atmospheric dynamics in the different models are not needed to understand the differences among mo ...
2.3 Climate Scenarios
... – Correlation of mean monthly rainfall（越高越好） – RMSE of mean monthly rainfall in dry season (越低越好) – RMSE of mean monthly rainfall in wet season (越低越好) ...
... – Correlation of mean monthly rainfall（越高越好） – RMSE of mean monthly rainfall in dry season (越低越好) – RMSE of mean monthly rainfall in wet season (越低越好) ...
here - IGBP
... distribution of rainforest on the adjacent continent. Under present-day conditions, all these four examples show a direct relationship between source area, transporting system and vegetation distribution. In other words, the pollen distribution is indicative of the geographical position of the veget ...
... distribution of rainforest on the adjacent continent. Under present-day conditions, all these four examples show a direct relationship between source area, transporting system and vegetation distribution. In other words, the pollen distribution is indicative of the geographical position of the veget ...
Boreal Forest Factsheet
... released as carbon dioxide and methane, two gases linked to climate change. As one of the few remaining relatively intact ecosystems on our planet, the boreal forest helps to preserve biodiversity, or the variety of life on Earth. Every living thing plays an essential role in maintaining a balance i ...
... released as carbon dioxide and methane, two gases linked to climate change. As one of the few remaining relatively intact ecosystems on our planet, the boreal forest helps to preserve biodiversity, or the variety of life on Earth. Every living thing plays an essential role in maintaining a balance i ...
Climate Change, Agricultural Production and Food Security
... goods in each traded commodity group in order to capture any quality-related differences between the two products. Under the small-country assumption, Yemen faces perfectly elastic world demand curves for its exports at fixed world prices. On the demand side, imported and domestic goods are treated ...
... goods in each traded commodity group in order to capture any quality-related differences between the two products. Under the small-country assumption, Yemen faces perfectly elastic world demand curves for its exports at fixed world prices. On the demand side, imported and domestic goods are treated ...
How limiting factors drive agricultural adaptation to
... Consensus is growing that agriculture is vulnerable to climate change and adaptation responses are necessary to minimize impacts. Nonetheless, the diversity of potential impacts, agro-ecological contexts and regional capacity for change make understanding adaptation behaviors challenging and ensure ...
... Consensus is growing that agriculture is vulnerable to climate change and adaptation responses are necessary to minimize impacts. Nonetheless, the diversity of potential impacts, agro-ecological contexts and regional capacity for change make understanding adaptation behaviors challenging and ensure ...
Analysis of perception and adaptation to climate change in the Nile
... which assist to adapt to climate change. Adaptation to climate change is costly (Mendelson, 2004), and this cost could be revealed through the need for intensive labour use. Thus, if farmers do not have sufficient family labour or the financial means to higher labour, they can not adapt. Shortage o ...
... which assist to adapt to climate change. Adaptation to climate change is costly (Mendelson, 2004), and this cost could be revealed through the need for intensive labour use. Thus, if farmers do not have sufficient family labour or the financial means to higher labour, they can not adapt. Shortage o ...
Natural history collections as windows on evolutionary processes
... alco, have a survival advantage over grey morphs. Using field data, they demonstrated a high heritability of these plumage types. Finally, they found that as annual snow cover decreased over a thirty-year period due to increasing temperatures, the frequency of brown-morph individuals increased in co ...
... alco, have a survival advantage over grey morphs. Using field data, they demonstrated a high heritability of these plumage types. Finally, they found that as annual snow cover decreased over a thirty-year period due to increasing temperatures, the frequency of brown-morph individuals increased in co ...
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... 1. INTRODUCTION Several studies have shown significant and alarming negative impacts of climate change and adaptation of livestock farmers in different parts of the world (Hassan and Nhemachena, 2008; Deressa et al., 2005; Kabubo-Mariara, 2007). Various research findings indicate that the damaging e ...
... 1. INTRODUCTION Several studies have shown significant and alarming negative impacts of climate change and adaptation of livestock farmers in different parts of the world (Hassan and Nhemachena, 2008; Deressa et al., 2005; Kabubo-Mariara, 2007). Various research findings indicate that the damaging e ...
The climate of the Mediterranean region: research progress and
... region (Xoplaki et al. 2012; Ulbrich et al. 2012) are considered in this issue: warm summers, explosive cyclones, extreme dust events, and stormy wind-wave heights. The increasing frequency of warm summers in the Mediterranean area, including extreme events, is investigated at the seasonal level bet ...
... region (Xoplaki et al. 2012; Ulbrich et al. 2012) are considered in this issue: warm summers, explosive cyclones, extreme dust events, and stormy wind-wave heights. The increasing frequency of warm summers in the Mediterranean area, including extreme events, is investigated at the seasonal level bet ...
Projected increases in near‑surface air temperature over Ontario
... taken place to the climatology over the Province of Ontario where people are seeing more frequent and intense weather anomalies including heat waves, floods, droughts, and wind gust, as well as shorter duration of ice cover on and fluctuating water levels in the Great Lakes, leading to a large numbe ...
... taken place to the climatology over the Province of Ontario where people are seeing more frequent and intense weather anomalies including heat waves, floods, droughts, and wind gust, as well as shorter duration of ice cover on and fluctuating water levels in the Great Lakes, leading to a large numbe ...
Climate change impacts on crop production in Iran`s Zayandeh
... between crops and regions. For example, a 1 °C increase in the growing period temperature may reduce wheat production by about 3–10% (You et al., 2009); winter wheat productions may be decreased by 5–35%, respectively, under the future warmer and drier conditions (Ozdogan, 2011); and corn yield may ...
... between crops and regions. For example, a 1 °C increase in the growing period temperature may reduce wheat production by about 3–10% (You et al., 2009); winter wheat productions may be decreased by 5–35%, respectively, under the future warmer and drier conditions (Ozdogan, 2011); and corn yield may ...
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... Climate-induced changes in pest activity are likely to affect agricultural production in several ways. Increased pest populations will stress crop plants and increase the risk of crop loss (Gutierrez; Patterson et al.), reducing yield and/or quality of harvest. Moreover, as climate change progresses ...
... Climate-induced changes in pest activity are likely to affect agricultural production in several ways. Increased pest populations will stress crop plants and increase the risk of crop loss (Gutierrez; Patterson et al.), reducing yield and/or quality of harvest. Moreover, as climate change progresses ...
Public Perceptions of Climate Change and Security.
... drought was one of many factors that helped spark political unrest in Syria and fed into the uprising that led to the ongoing conflict. Respondents were asked only to indicate their familiarity with and exposure to these ideas, rather than to agree or disagree. We focus first on the responses of Gro ...
... drought was one of many factors that helped spark political unrest in Syria and fed into the uprising that led to the ongoing conflict. Respondents were asked only to indicate their familiarity with and exposure to these ideas, rather than to agree or disagree. We focus first on the responses of Gro ...
Workshop summary
... frequency of extreme weather events and income levels, the capacity of communities to adapt varied across the region. Generally, capacity to implement adaptation strategies will be weakest in poorer countries in the region. As a result, special support is required to ensure food security is not comp ...
... frequency of extreme weather events and income levels, the capacity of communities to adapt varied across the region. Generally, capacity to implement adaptation strategies will be weakest in poorer countries in the region. As a result, special support is required to ensure food security is not comp ...
Into Unknown Territory. The Limits to Adaptation and Reality of Loss
... compensation for adverse effects of environmental damage caused by activities within their jurisdiction or control to areas beyond their jurisdiction.”5 ...
... compensation for adverse effects of environmental damage caused by activities within their jurisdiction or control to areas beyond their jurisdiction.”5 ...
as PDF
... Estimation of the EKC relationship between transportation GHG emissions and per capita GDP in Canada has been performed at two levels: (i) federal level, and (ii) provincial level. At federal level, in general, evidence in favour of the EKC relationship was found in 55% of all our statistical experi ...
... Estimation of the EKC relationship between transportation GHG emissions and per capita GDP in Canada has been performed at two levels: (i) federal level, and (ii) provincial level. At federal level, in general, evidence in favour of the EKC relationship was found in 55% of all our statistical experi ...
Arid Lands NatureLink Plan - Department of Environment, Water and
... across the state will help native plants and animals withstand and adapt to environmental change. Landscape-scale conservation is rapidly becoming the dominant approach for responding to the challenges of biodiversity conservation, sustainable livelihoods, and climate change throughout the world. ...
... across the state will help native plants and animals withstand and adapt to environmental change. Landscape-scale conservation is rapidly becoming the dominant approach for responding to the challenges of biodiversity conservation, sustainable livelihoods, and climate change throughout the world. ...
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... December and January for winter. Comparing the results, we found that defining winter in the northern hemisphere as the average of November, December and January provided the most robust results for Africa. This assumption in turn implies that the next three months would be spring, the three after t ...
... December and January for winter. Comparing the results, we found that defining winter in the northern hemisphere as the average of November, December and January provided the most robust results for Africa. This assumption in turn implies that the next three months would be spring, the three after t ...
The likelihood and potential impact of future change in
... that it is rarely possible to distinguish individuals for whom environmental factors are the sole driver (Foresight, 2011). Gemenne (2011) notes that estimates and projections of migration due to environmental drivers are not satisfactory, with many appearing to have been put forward in order to gen ...
... that it is rarely possible to distinguish individuals for whom environmental factors are the sole driver (Foresight, 2011). Gemenne (2011) notes that estimates and projections of migration due to environmental drivers are not satisfactory, with many appearing to have been put forward in order to gen ...
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... translate into yield reductions in desirable crops (Gommes et al. 2009). The early literature of economic impact assessment of climate change has provided some useful insights on the issue, but remained limited in scope and depth as it focused on highly aggregated unit of analysis (e.g. at the conti ...
... translate into yield reductions in desirable crops (Gommes et al. 2009). The early literature of economic impact assessment of climate change has provided some useful insights on the issue, but remained limited in scope and depth as it focused on highly aggregated unit of analysis (e.g. at the conti ...
Review of the UN-REDD Policy Board Structure
... Reduced unmet demand in agriculture, livestock and industry ...
... Reduced unmet demand in agriculture, livestock and industry ...
International Geographical Union Regional Conference, Chile 2011
... significant threat to biodiversity, ecosystems and the goods and services they provide. The projected changes in temperature and CO2 concentration may alter growth and reproduction in both plants and animals. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in its summary report has estimated huge loss ...
... significant threat to biodiversity, ecosystems and the goods and services they provide. The projected changes in temperature and CO2 concentration may alter growth and reproduction in both plants and animals. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in its summary report has estimated huge loss ...
Arviat Climate Change Adaptation Action Plan
... local effects of climate change – resulting in the development of a Climate Change Adaptation Action Plan. While the project scope is limited to identifying actions for climate change adaptation for lands within the municipal boundary of the Hamlet of Arviat, this report also reflects issues that we ...
... local effects of climate change – resulting in the development of a Climate Change Adaptation Action Plan. While the project scope is limited to identifying actions for climate change adaptation for lands within the municipal boundary of the Hamlet of Arviat, this report also reflects issues that we ...