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... Nouns can be singular (as in Lesson 16) or plural in form. Plural means two or more. Plurals are formed by adding s, es, changing y to i and adding es, and with changes in spelling, as in man becoming men. Examples include: car, cars; fox, foxes; baby, babies; man, men. ...
linguistics
linguistics

... Abstract: The ancient Indo-European languages, such as early Vedic or (Homeric) Greek, are usually considered to be characterized by a high degree of lability. According to the communis opinio, they had a considerable number of labile verbs or verbal forms that could be labile, cf. rudra � r̥tásya s ...
Document
Document

... Nouns can be singular (as in Lesson 16) or plural in form. Plural means two or more. Plurals are formed by adding s, es, changing y to i and adding es, and with changes in spelling, as in man becoming men. Examples include: car, cars; fox, foxes; baby, babies; man, men. ...
Different by-phrases with adjectival and verbal passives: Evidence
Different by-phrases with adjectival and verbal passives: Evidence

... ∃s0 , ek , xk [close(ek ) ∧ BECOME(s0 )(ek ) ∧ closed(THE DOOR, s0 ) ∧INITIATOR(xk , ek )] ...
The Syntax of French
The Syntax of French

... Like all Romance languages, French has its roots in Latin, more particularly the vernacular spoken by the Romans who, in the first and second centuries BCE, colonised Gaul, at the time a predominantly Celticspeaking area. Over the next five hundred years Celtic gradually gave way to Latin, the langu ...
Kamasau (Wand Tuan) Grammar Morpheme to Sentence
Kamasau (Wand Tuan) Grammar Morpheme to Sentence

... This grammar is a description of Wand Tuan (Kamasau), a Papuan language spoken in the East Sepik Province by about 700 people. Wand Tuan is part of the Marienberg stock-level family of the Torricelli Phylum (Laycock, 1973:16,74). This description is hierarchical, beginning with morphology and word s ...
REFLEXIVITY IN ENGLISH PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES 1
REFLEXIVITY IN ENGLISH PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES 1

... phrase within the same clause, it is usually replaced by a self-form (Mackenzie, 2007, p. 148). For example, some English self-forms are ‘myself’, ‘himself’ and ‘themselves’. Following König & Gasts definition of self-forms, this paper will use the term ‘self-form’ to encompass all words with an x-s ...
Sentence Initial Elements and Subject in Upper Sorbian
Sentence Initial Elements and Subject in Upper Sorbian

... As is often pointed out, the functions of the passive sentence are to focus or topicalize the object of a corresponding active sentence (Togo 1994) or to de-topicalize the subject of a corresponding active sentence (Shibatani 1985). Others suggest that the passive sentence is used to hide the agent ...
575 Tlingit Verbs - Sealaska Heritage Institute
575 Tlingit Verbs - Sealaska Heritage Institute

... the verbs included in the research, twelve modes were systematically documented through consultation with a group of native speakers. The newly documented forms were compiled into a database using Toolbox software and additionally organized into a user-friendly online database, hosted on the Goldbel ...
the syntax of lexical reciprocal constructions
the syntax of lexical reciprocal constructions

... “Juma and Halima hit each other” lit. “Juma hit.rec/fought with Halima” (Unlike in (1b), Juma in this situation is usually the instigator of the event and Halima's participation does not have to match his – she may be a reluctant participant, for example.) ...


... provide a formal account of the relational semantic determinants of 'aux-selection' in languages like Italian and French. Secondly, I argue that the progressive construction can be analyzed as involving a locative unaccusative structure over that argument structure lexically associated to the verbal ...
Daily Grammar Practice - Public Schools of Robeson County
Daily Grammar Practice - Public Schools of Robeson County

... Instructions: Answer each question true or false. 1. Verbs never change form. 2. A verb is never just one word. 3. Verb phrases keep a definite order. 4. There are twenty-three helping verbs. 5. Helping verbs cannot be the main verb. 6. Helping verbs can be action verbs. 7. Verb phrases can have thr ...
Constructional idioms as products of linguistic change: the aan het +
Constructional idioms as products of linguistic change: the aan het +

... These observations show that the occurrence of aan in present-day standard Dutch is bound to PPs with specific types of NPs, such as NPs of the type het + infinitive. This use of aan is a reflex of an earlier stage of Dutch in which the preposition aan had a more elaborated use as locative prepositi ...
Financial support Basic data Outline of the talk BNs in object position
Financial support Basic data Outline of the talk BNs in object position

... (10)(a) *Per fi hem trobat pis, que començarem a reformar molt aviat. for end have found flat that begin.fut to renovate very soon (b) Per fi hem trobat un pis, que començarem a reformar molt aviat. for end have found a flat that begin.fut to renovate very soon ‘At last we have found a flat, which w ...
Core Syntax: A Minimalist Approach
Core Syntax: A Minimalist Approach

... interactions between theory, analysis and data, and how developments in any one of these areas affects the others. The second way in which the material of the book could be considered ‘core’ is that I have tried to cover a broad range of phenomena which form a (somewhat nebulous) area of empirical i ...
Grammar Practice Book - Methacton School District
Grammar Practice Book - Methacton School District

... Connection ...
Form and Meaning in the Hebrew Verb
Form and Meaning in the Hebrew Verb

... This dissertation is about the basic building blocks that make up words, and how these building blocks interact with the rest of the grammar. The grammar is generally viewed as an inventory of contentful units and the rules governing their combination. One question for linguistic theory is what thes ...
Hebrew Syntax and Exposition - James D. Price Publications
Hebrew Syntax and Exposition - James D. Price Publications

... AN EXEGETICAL AND EXPOSITORY SYNTAX Of ...
Characteristics of Mandarin Imperatives Joan Chen-Main
Characteristics of Mandarin Imperatives Joan Chen-Main

... carry the force of an order, we can reasonably assume that these sentences belong to one class rather than multiple classes. We can also assume that the label imperatives is an appropriate one for this class and that the shared properties provide a characterization of imperatives in Mandarin. The ma ...
Dissertation Body
Dissertation Body

... present in the lexicon of PDE. They gathered frequency data for these verbs, and they found that the lower the frequency of a set of verbs, the higher the percentage of verbs that had been regularized. They calculated the rates at which verbs regularized relative to their frequency. Their goal was t ...
On Comparative Suppletion
On Comparative Suppletion

... also unattested. I will nevertheless pursue distinct explanations for the lack of *ABA and the lack of *AAC patterns, and will defend the decision to keep these distinct in section 4.1. It should be stressed that the fact that the ABA pattern is unattested in any one language is in and of itself alm ...
DesCartes (Combined) Subject: Language Usage Goal: Sen
DesCartes (Combined) Subject: Language Usage Goal: Sen

... (possessive pronoun, term not used; e.g., Mary and Sam ate their lunch. To whom does the lunch belong?) Uses the objective case of a pronoun (term not used) in written compositions (her, him, them) Uses subjective pronoun (nominative, term not used) I correctly in compound subjects Recognizes correc ...
Chapter 2: The problems with prepositions 0 Introduction
Chapter 2: The problems with prepositions 0 Introduction

... particles share some similarities that distinguish them from prepositions, and yet there are further tests that yield clear differences between particles and adverbs as well. The obvious overlap of these elements cannot be ignored; they must be related at some level of analysis. However, the argumen ...
English version - Nederbooms
English version - Nederbooms

... we have introduced an intermediate generalized value (‘bijzonder). The partition then looks as follows: NAAMVAL = standaard (nominatief, oblique), bijzonder (genitief, datief). In this hierarchy ‘standaard’ is used for the forms without a case ending and ‘bijzonder’ for forms with one. The level of ...
Non-subject Arguments in Indonesian - ORB
Non-subject Arguments in Indonesian - ORB

... identifying an object grammatical function turn out to be unreliable and inconsistent when the full range of data is considered. This thesis attempts to clarify the problem by examining non-subject arguments in Indonesian in the theoretical framework of Lexical-Functional Grammar. Both the propertie ...
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Japanese grammar

Japanese grammar refers to word order and inflection characteristic of the Japanese language. The language has a regular agglutinative verb morphology, with both productive and fixed elements. In language typology, it has many features divergent from most European languages. Its phrases are exclusively head-final and compound sentences are exclusively left-branching. There are many such languages, but few in Europe. It is a topic-prominent language.
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