Response of macroarthropod assemblages to the loss
... As hemlock is lost from forests due to the invasive hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae) and preemptive salvage logging, the structure of assemblages of species associated with hemlock is expected to change. We manipulated hemlock canopy structure at hectare scales to investigate the effects of h ...
... As hemlock is lost from forests due to the invasive hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae) and preemptive salvage logging, the structure of assemblages of species associated with hemlock is expected to change. We manipulated hemlock canopy structure at hectare scales to investigate the effects of h ...
Fine-scale community and genetic structure are tightly linked in
... richness or evenness of distinct genotypes within a population phenotypic effect driven by the (additive) genetic component to phenotype in a second interacting individual. Although originally restricted in its usage to conspecific individuals, here we use the term sensu lato to include situations i ...
... richness or evenness of distinct genotypes within a population phenotypic effect driven by the (additive) genetic component to phenotype in a second interacting individual. Although originally restricted in its usage to conspecific individuals, here we use the term sensu lato to include situations i ...
variation in the number of ray- and disc
... Coreopsis the mode is at the sixth Fibonacci number; that is, at 8; and for Helianthus the mode is at the eighth Fibonacci number; that is, at 21. Among the four species of compositae observed, the variation in the number of rayflorets is greatest for Helianthus and least for Cosmos. Such variation ...
... Coreopsis the mode is at the sixth Fibonacci number; that is, at 8; and for Helianthus the mode is at the eighth Fibonacci number; that is, at 21. Among the four species of compositae observed, the variation in the number of rayflorets is greatest for Helianthus and least for Cosmos. Such variation ...
The University of Chicago Press The American Society of Naturalists
... have invaded into and coexisted with the established species of other realms, as predicted by the universal tradeoff hypothesis, or whether they displaced species of other realms once in contact and resisted invasion themselves, as predicted by the biogeographic superiority hypothesis. I then develo ...
... have invaded into and coexisted with the established species of other realms, as predicted by the universal tradeoff hypothesis, or whether they displaced species of other realms once in contact and resisted invasion themselves, as predicted by the biogeographic superiority hypothesis. I then develo ...
DISPERSAL LIMITATION, INVASION RESISTANCE, AND THE
... Abstract. For a species to colonize a site it must both arrive there by dispersal from another site and maintain positive population growth in the local environment. I experimentally tested the role of dispersal limitation in structuring the zooplankton communities of fishless ponds in southwestern ...
... Abstract. For a species to colonize a site it must both arrive there by dispersal from another site and maintain positive population growth in the local environment. I experimentally tested the role of dispersal limitation in structuring the zooplankton communities of fishless ponds in southwestern ...
Effects of species diversity on the primary productivity of ecosystems
... inference. / Oikos 104: 437 /450. The number of studies examining how species diversity influences the productivity of ecosystems has increased dramatically in the past decade as concern about global loss of biodiversity has intensified. Research to date has greatly improved our understanding of h ...
... inference. / Oikos 104: 437 /450. The number of studies examining how species diversity influences the productivity of ecosystems has increased dramatically in the past decade as concern about global loss of biodiversity has intensified. Research to date has greatly improved our understanding of h ...
The spatial distribution of African savannah herbivores
... Figure 1. Conceptual framework depicting the trophic interactions in East African savannahs which affects herbivore habitat occupancy. The relative strength of these effects may vary in space and time according to ungulate body size and migratory strategy (migrant versus resident) and may include co ...
... Figure 1. Conceptual framework depicting the trophic interactions in East African savannahs which affects herbivore habitat occupancy. The relative strength of these effects may vary in space and time according to ungulate body size and migratory strategy (migrant versus resident) and may include co ...
pdf em inglês
... Janeiro, part of the Paraíba do Sul waters were diverted to the Piraí river bed, which had the flow of its waters inverted. The Santana reservoir was thereby formed receiving not only waters pumped from the Paraíba do Sul River, but also the remnant Piraí River tributary. The waters dammed in the Sa ...
... Janeiro, part of the Paraíba do Sul waters were diverted to the Piraí river bed, which had the flow of its waters inverted. The Santana reservoir was thereby formed receiving not only waters pumped from the Paraíba do Sul River, but also the remnant Piraí River tributary. The waters dammed in the Sa ...
Fighting over food unites the birds of North America in a
... interactions, socially-dominant species were typically larger. There also appears to be variation at larger taxonomic scales (i.e., between genera or families), although the traits in question, be they behavioral or morphological, have rarely been identified. In one such rare study, among the four b ...
... interactions, socially-dominant species were typically larger. There also appears to be variation at larger taxonomic scales (i.e., between genera or families), although the traits in question, be they behavioral or morphological, have rarely been identified. In one such rare study, among the four b ...
Vertical stratification of the termite assemblage in a
... as fogging, provide poor results for termites (Adis et al. 1984; Eggleton and Bignell 1995; Basset et al. 2003c; Hurtado Guerrero et al. 2003). Consequently, the current knowledge base on termite canopy assemblages is mostly limited to a few casual captures or observations and single-species studies ...
... as fogging, provide poor results for termites (Adis et al. 1984; Eggleton and Bignell 1995; Basset et al. 2003c; Hurtado Guerrero et al. 2003). Consequently, the current knowledge base on termite canopy assemblages is mostly limited to a few casual captures or observations and single-species studies ...
Tree species composition and diversity gradients in white
... poorly understood, especially in Amazonian floodplain forests. We investigated tree species composition, richness and a diversity in the Amazonian white-water (várzea) forest, looking particularly at: (1) the flood-level gradient, (2) the successional stage (stand age), and (3) the geographical loc ...
... poorly understood, especially in Amazonian floodplain forests. We investigated tree species composition, richness and a diversity in the Amazonian white-water (várzea) forest, looking particularly at: (1) the flood-level gradient, (2) the successional stage (stand age), and (3) the geographical loc ...
Studies and reconstructions of dire wolf (Canis dirus) and Grey wolf
... more quadrate upper first molar with its hypocone, the basined talonid establishes an ancestral state from which all subsequent forms were derived. Such a dental pattern proved to be very versatile and can readily be adapted towards either a hyper- or hypocarnivorous type of dentition, both of which ...
... more quadrate upper first molar with its hypocone, the basined talonid establishes an ancestral state from which all subsequent forms were derived. Such a dental pattern proved to be very versatile and can readily be adapted towards either a hyper- or hypocarnivorous type of dentition, both of which ...
Sociality, densitydependence and microclimates determine the
... clusters in hibernacula, contact and transmission among bats is predicted to be lower in smaller populations and decrease as populations decline. As a result, disease is less likely to cause extinction in these species (Lockhart et al. 1996; Castro & Bolker 2005). Susceptibility to mortality from WN ...
... clusters in hibernacula, contact and transmission among bats is predicted to be lower in smaller populations and decrease as populations decline. As a result, disease is less likely to cause extinction in these species (Lockhart et al. 1996; Castro & Bolker 2005). Susceptibility to mortality from WN ...
Extinction and the zoogeography of West Indian land mammals
... The primitive insectivores, Solenodon and Nesophontes, are derived from Early Tertiary forms in North .4merica that may have reached the islands through vicariance by way of a proto-Antillean archipelago. Many of the bats are either conspecific or congeneric with mainland taxa, suggesting that most ...
... The primitive insectivores, Solenodon and Nesophontes, are derived from Early Tertiary forms in North .4merica that may have reached the islands through vicariance by way of a proto-Antillean archipelago. Many of the bats are either conspecific or congeneric with mainland taxa, suggesting that most ...
bryophytes (musci) unexpectedly rare or absent in the azores
... the individual nine islands may in the near future support an invasion of these species to the archipelago, or at least, a spreading within the islands. Consequently such species as Hedwigia ciliata and Climacium dendroides may become new invaders and e.g. Funaria hygrometrica, and Pohlia nutans may ...
... the individual nine islands may in the near future support an invasion of these species to the archipelago, or at least, a spreading within the islands. Consequently such species as Hedwigia ciliata and Climacium dendroides may become new invaders and e.g. Funaria hygrometrica, and Pohlia nutans may ...
Revisiting an Old Riddle: What Determines Genetic Diversity Levels
... In addition to these ecological factors, life history traits such as mating system are expected to have a discernable effect on genetic diversity [53]. Notably, self-fertilization is expected to affect neutral diversity because inbreeding reduces Ne—under complete inbreeding to half its value [54]. ...
... In addition to these ecological factors, life history traits such as mating system are expected to have a discernable effect on genetic diversity [53]. Notably, self-fertilization is expected to affect neutral diversity because inbreeding reduces Ne—under complete inbreeding to half its value [54]. ...
Life history, population dynamics, standing biomass and
... focusing on their production, especially in tropical and subtropical areas, are rare. In Brazil, papers regarding production of cladoceran populations in freshwater environments are basically inexistent. Although there are a few studies regarding life history characteristics, standing biomass or pro ...
... focusing on their production, especially in tropical and subtropical areas, are rare. In Brazil, papers regarding production of cladoceran populations in freshwater environments are basically inexistent. Although there are a few studies regarding life history characteristics, standing biomass or pro ...
Full text in pdf format
... Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden ...
... Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden ...
Composition and structure of Caribbean bat (Chiroptera
... persistence, loss or coexistence. The Caribbean is a hotspot of biodiversity, with high species richness and high species endemism (Woods, 1989; Woods & Sergile, 2001), including 7000 endemic vascular plants and 779 endemic vertebrates (Myers, 2001). The biota of the Caribbean is a conservation conc ...
... persistence, loss or coexistence. The Caribbean is a hotspot of biodiversity, with high species richness and high species endemism (Woods, 1989; Woods & Sergile, 2001), including 7000 endemic vascular plants and 779 endemic vertebrates (Myers, 2001). The biota of the Caribbean is a conservation conc ...
Elephants versus butterflies: the ecological role of large herbivores
... and have been missing for decades from much of their former geographical ranges, hence researchers have been unable to assess their ecological importance. For example, India has been the site of a flurry of research activity pertaining to large mammals, yet several species of large herbivores that d ...
... and have been missing for decades from much of their former geographical ranges, hence researchers have been unable to assess their ecological importance. For example, India has been the site of a flurry of research activity pertaining to large mammals, yet several species of large herbivores that d ...
Biogeography and Primates: A Review - Anthropology
... Most primates range into rain/humid forests in Africa, Asia, and the Neotropics (Table 2). Patterns of forest use are somewhat different for lemurs. Of the 48 lemur species for which there are habitat data, 64.0% (N = 31) range into dry forests. Exploitation of woodlands and wooded grasslands is mos ...
... Most primates range into rain/humid forests in Africa, Asia, and the Neotropics (Table 2). Patterns of forest use are somewhat different for lemurs. Of the 48 lemur species for which there are habitat data, 64.0% (N = 31) range into dry forests. Exploitation of woodlands and wooded grasslands is mos ...
Central Asian Mammals Initiative: Saving the Last Migrations
... mammals. Overhunting and illegal trade increased after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and the opening of new markets led to the decimation of many populations of these mammals. Saiga numbers, for example, decreased by 95 per cent within a decade because of poaching of the males’ horns for ...
... mammals. Overhunting and illegal trade increased after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and the opening of new markets led to the decimation of many populations of these mammals. Saiga numbers, for example, decreased by 95 per cent within a decade because of poaching of the males’ horns for ...
species richness, latitude, and scale-sensitivity
... signs must be employed to adjust for differences in the spatial scale of sampling. In an attempt to rectify this situation, Lyons and Willig (1999) developed a model that united aspects of theory relating species richness to latitude, area, and their interaction (i.e., scale-dependence). The model a ...
... signs must be employed to adjust for differences in the spatial scale of sampling. In an attempt to rectify this situation, Lyons and Willig (1999) developed a model that united aspects of theory relating species richness to latitude, area, and their interaction (i.e., scale-dependence). The model a ...
origins of the azorean intertidal biota: the significance of introduced
... The Azorean marine biota, with only a geologically brief opportunity for colonization, is decidedly modern. Evidence of endemism is sparse and readily apparent only with regard to the maritime vegetation. Probably no alga nor marine animal is endemic, although a few species of several phyla are curr ...
... The Azorean marine biota, with only a geologically brief opportunity for colonization, is decidedly modern. Evidence of endemism is sparse and readily apparent only with regard to the maritime vegetation. Probably no alga nor marine animal is endemic, although a few species of several phyla are curr ...
Fauna of Africa
Fauna of Africa, in its broader sense, is all the animals living in Africa and its surrounding seas and islands. The more characteristic African fauna is found in the Afrotropical ecoregion. Lying almost entirely within the tropics, and equally to north and south of the equator creates favourable conditions for rich wildlife.