Supplementary Material_Biswas
									
... electronic structure since Pb, Sn and Te have high atomic numbers and atomic masses, and the associated relativistic effects cannot be neglected. For this purpose, valence and semicore electronic states of Pb, Sn, Te and K (5d10 6s2 6p2, 4d10 5s2 5p2, 4d10 5s2 5p4 and 4s1 respectively) were treated ...
                        	... electronic structure since Pb, Sn and Te have high atomic numbers and atomic masses, and the associated relativistic effects cannot be neglected. For this purpose, valence and semicore electronic states of Pb, Sn, Te and K (5d10 6s2 6p2, 4d10 5s2 5p2, 4d10 5s2 5p4 and 4s1 respectively) were treated ...
									OPTICAL PROPERTIES of Nanomaterials
									
...  Thin film of Au (~100nm or less) will transmit blue-violet light.  The colour of metallic nanoparticles depends on size in the nanoscale regime.  Bulk Au is ‘golden’ yellow colour. Nanoparticles of gold (colloidal) can have red, purple or blue colour. The colour depends on the size (& shape) of ...
                        	...  Thin film of Au (~100nm or less) will transmit blue-violet light.  The colour of metallic nanoparticles depends on size in the nanoscale regime.  Bulk Au is ‘golden’ yellow colour. Nanoparticles of gold (colloidal) can have red, purple or blue colour. The colour depends on the size (& shape) of ...
									Carrier density independent scattering rate in
									
... the Fermi liquid state in certain materials, such as doped SrTiO3, far from any (at least magnetic) quantum critical point. In these materials the energy scale in the scattering rate, which is not EF, becomes increasingly irrelevant as a system transitions from an n = 2 regime to n < 2, as can be ...
                        	... the Fermi liquid state in certain materials, such as doped SrTiO3, far from any (at least magnetic) quantum critical point. In these materials the energy scale in the scattering rate, which is not EF, becomes increasingly irrelevant as a system transitions from an n = 2 regime to n < 2, as can be ...
									Mechanism for Electrostatic Repulsion or Attraction
									
... liquid (non viscous, compact, surface tension free). The presence of vacuum energy is confirmed by several experimental works including Casimir [3] effect and a considerable research has been made to convert vacuum energy into electromagnetic fields [4,5]. Every charged particle is associated with c ...
                        	... liquid (non viscous, compact, surface tension free). The presence of vacuum energy is confirmed by several experimental works including Casimir [3] effect and a considerable research has been made to convert vacuum energy into electromagnetic fields [4,5]. Every charged particle is associated with c ...
									Theory of ferromagnetism in planar heterostructures of Mn,III
									
... Our model is an extension to the case of planar heterostructures of the Zener model for bulk alloys of 共III-V兲 ferromagnetic semiconductors.14,15 It is convenient to express the problem of the localized spins and the carrier spins in an inhomogeneous system in terms of the density-functional theory. ...
                        	... Our model is an extension to the case of planar heterostructures of the Zener model for bulk alloys of 共III-V兲 ferromagnetic semiconductors.14,15 It is convenient to express the problem of the localized spins and the carrier spins in an inhomogeneous system in terms of the density-functional theory. ...
									Theory of imbalanced electron-hole transport in conjugated polymers
									
... injection in polymer light-emitting diodes and is a major limit for their efficiency. This is quite surprising because the electron and hole effective masses differ by no more than a factor of 2 in ab initio calculations.4 On the other hand, in the so-called n-type conjugated polymers, whose backbon ...
                        	... injection in polymer light-emitting diodes and is a major limit for their efficiency. This is quite surprising because the electron and hole effective masses differ by no more than a factor of 2 in ab initio calculations.4 On the other hand, in the so-called n-type conjugated polymers, whose backbon ...
									The simplest, and the full derivation of Magnetism as
									
... Where c is the speed of light. The same expression holds for the three components of the magnetic vector potential. Again these equations are satisfied by any arbitrary function which shifts along with the characteristic speed c. In our world however we also see things which are stationary or move a ...
                        	... Where c is the speed of light. The same expression holds for the three components of the magnetic vector potential. Again these equations are satisfied by any arbitrary function which shifts along with the characteristic speed c. In our world however we also see things which are stationary or move a ...
									The low energy electronic band structure of bilayer graphene
									
... Following the fabrication of monolayer graphene [1], the observation of an unusual sequencing of quantum Hall effect plateaus [2] was explained in terms of Dirac-like chiral quasiparticles with Berry phase π [3–6]. Subsequently, bilayer graphene became the subject of intense interest in its own righ ...
                        	... Following the fabrication of monolayer graphene [1], the observation of an unusual sequencing of quantum Hall effect plateaus [2] was explained in terms of Dirac-like chiral quasiparticles with Berry phase π [3–6]. Subsequently, bilayer graphene became the subject of intense interest in its own righ ...
									Entanglement Spectroscopy in Quantum Many
									
... and maintaining entanglement in quantum systems is therefore of paramount importance. Fig. 1: Positrons annihilate with In the early 2000’s, it was realised that many-body quan- electrons in atoms producing two detum systems, for example magnetic materials, when cooled tectable γ-rays whose energies ...
                        	... and maintaining entanglement in quantum systems is therefore of paramount importance. Fig. 1: Positrons annihilate with In the early 2000’s, it was realised that many-body quan- electrons in atoms producing two detum systems, for example magnetic materials, when cooled tectable γ-rays whose energies ...
									Wavelength-dependent resolution and electron energy distribution
									
... The graphs in figure 5 show the effect of varying the front gap voltage, plotted either as a voltage or square root of the electric field. A simplistic model of resolution as a function of square root electric field should give a straight line fit, however at there are other effects to consider. Pho ...
                        	... The graphs in figure 5 show the effect of varying the front gap voltage, plotted either as a voltage or square root of the electric field. A simplistic model of resolution as a function of square root electric field should give a straight line fit, however at there are other effects to consider. Pho ...
Density of states
In solid-state and condensed matter physics, the density of states (DOS) of a system describes the number of states per interval of energy at each energy level that are available to be occupied. Unlike isolated systems, like atoms or molecules in gas phase, the density distributions are not discrete like a spectral density but continuous. A high DOS at a specific energy level means that there are many states available for occupation. A DOS of zero means that no states can be occupied at that energy level. In general a DOS is an average over the space and time domains occupied by the system. Localvariations, most often due to distortions of the original system, are often called local density of states (LDOS). If the DOS of an undisturbedsystem is zero, the LDOS can locally be non-zero due to the presence of a local potential.