R A D I A T I O N I... A S T R O P H Y S I... E D W A R D B R O W...
... When an electromagnetic wave passes through some medium, the oscillating electric field perturb the charges in the medium; those oscillating charges in turn emit electromagnetic radiation. Some of this radiation may be sent back along the path of the original radiation, forming a reflected wave; som ...
... When an electromagnetic wave passes through some medium, the oscillating electric field perturb the charges in the medium; those oscillating charges in turn emit electromagnetic radiation. Some of this radiation may be sent back along the path of the original radiation, forming a reflected wave; som ...
The Improved Electromagnetic Equations and
... It is interesting to look into the relationship between the existence of free volume charges and Hall effect. One sees from the Appendix A that, free volume charges are symbiotic with the electric field Er due to self-Hall-effect in an infinitely long straight circular nonmagnetic wire carrying a st ...
... It is interesting to look into the relationship between the existence of free volume charges and Hall effect. One sees from the Appendix A that, free volume charges are symbiotic with the electric field Er due to self-Hall-effect in an infinitely long straight circular nonmagnetic wire carrying a st ...
Communications Engineering
... • Data carried in an optical fibre consists of pulses of light energy consists of a large number of frequencies travelling at a given rate. • There is a limit to the highest data rate (frequency) that can be sent down a fibre and be expected to emerge intact at the output. • This is because of a phe ...
... • Data carried in an optical fibre consists of pulses of light energy consists of a large number of frequencies travelling at a given rate. • There is a limit to the highest data rate (frequency) that can be sent down a fibre and be expected to emerge intact at the output. • This is because of a phe ...
Density of states
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In solid-state and condensed matter physics, the density of states (DOS) of a system describes the number of states per interval of energy at each energy level that are available to be occupied. Unlike isolated systems, like atoms or molecules in gas phase, the density distributions are not discrete like a spectral density but continuous. A high DOS at a specific energy level means that there are many states available for occupation. A DOS of zero means that no states can be occupied at that energy level. In general a DOS is an average over the space and time domains occupied by the system. Localvariations, most often due to distortions of the original system, are often called local density of states (LDOS). If the DOS of an undisturbedsystem is zero, the LDOS can locally be non-zero due to the presence of a local potential.