PENELOPE A Code System for Monte Carlo Simulation of Electron
... 2. Modelling should be done by a qualified user of such codes. One area to which special effort has been devoted in recent years is radiation transport. Workshops and training courses including the use of computer codes have been organised in the field of neutral particle transport for codes using b ...
... 2. Modelling should be done by a qualified user of such codes. One area to which special effort has been devoted in recent years is radiation transport. Workshops and training courses including the use of computer codes have been organised in the field of neutral particle transport for codes using b ...
Grains and grain boundaries in highly crystalline monolayer
... deposition (CVD), characterized defects such as grain boundaries at the atomic scale and demonstrated that these grain boundaries can strongly affect graphene’s electrical, optical and mechanical properties2–11 . Much less is known about the grain structure and properties of defects in other 2D mate ...
... deposition (CVD), characterized defects such as grain boundaries at the atomic scale and demonstrated that these grain boundaries can strongly affect graphene’s electrical, optical and mechanical properties2–11 . Much less is known about the grain structure and properties of defects in other 2D mate ...
Dark current mechanisms in amorphous Selenium X
... X-ray image detectors (FPXI) for diagnostic medical imaging. However the a-Se photoconductive layer in FPXIs have to go through high applied field (up to 10V/μm) and makes one of the significant difficulties related to FPXIs by creating current in the absence of radiation known as dark current. This ...
... X-ray image detectors (FPXI) for diagnostic medical imaging. However the a-Se photoconductive layer in FPXIs have to go through high applied field (up to 10V/μm) and makes one of the significant difficulties related to FPXIs by creating current in the absence of radiation known as dark current. This ...
as PDF
... The temperature effect results in an incoherent movement of the atoms in the lattice, in which each atom vibrates independently. In this case there is no phase relationship between the vibration of each atom. We call these incoherent phonons. Instead, in the case of a coherent phonon, there is a wel ...
... The temperature effect results in an incoherent movement of the atoms in the lattice, in which each atom vibrates independently. In this case there is no phase relationship between the vibration of each atom. We call these incoherent phonons. Instead, in the case of a coherent phonon, there is a wel ...
Chapter 8 CHEM 161
... Energy of photon of electromagnetic radiation is proportional to its frequency Energy of photon E = h h = Planck’s constant = 6.626 × 10–34 J s Jespersen/Brady/Hyslop ...
... Energy of photon of electromagnetic radiation is proportional to its frequency Energy of photon E = h h = Planck’s constant = 6.626 × 10–34 J s Jespersen/Brady/Hyslop ...
University of Groningen Charge disproportionation in transition
... hyperfine interactions between an atom’s nucleus and its environment. This spectroscopic effect has been observed for about 100 nuclear transitions in some 80 nuclides in nearly fifty elements. Unfortunately, not all transitions are suitable for exploitation but the ...
... hyperfine interactions between an atom’s nucleus and its environment. This spectroscopic effect has been observed for about 100 nuclear transitions in some 80 nuclides in nearly fifty elements. Unfortunately, not all transitions are suitable for exploitation but the ...
First-principles study of defects in transparent conducting
... The relation above clearly shows the dependence of the conductivity of the material on the number of charge carriers n, their effective mass me , and the relaxation time τ . Therefore in a semiconductor material, conductivity can be improved by increasing either the carrier concentration or their mob ...
... The relation above clearly shows the dependence of the conductivity of the material on the number of charge carriers n, their effective mass me , and the relaxation time τ . Therefore in a semiconductor material, conductivity can be improved by increasing either the carrier concentration or their mob ...
MODELING PLASMA EQUIPMENT AND FEATURE PROFILE IN
... deposit diffusion barriers and Cu seed layers into high aspect ratio trenches.4,5 In a typical IMPVD reactor shown in Fig. 1.1, a dc bias on the order of 100 V applied to a magnetron target accelerates ions into the target with energies of several hundred eV. This ion bombardment generates collision ...
... deposit diffusion barriers and Cu seed layers into high aspect ratio trenches.4,5 In a typical IMPVD reactor shown in Fig. 1.1, a dc bias on the order of 100 V applied to a magnetron target accelerates ions into the target with energies of several hundred eV. This ion bombardment generates collision ...
Density of states
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In solid-state and condensed matter physics, the density of states (DOS) of a system describes the number of states per interval of energy at each energy level that are available to be occupied. Unlike isolated systems, like atoms or molecules in gas phase, the density distributions are not discrete like a spectral density but continuous. A high DOS at a specific energy level means that there are many states available for occupation. A DOS of zero means that no states can be occupied at that energy level. In general a DOS is an average over the space and time domains occupied by the system. Localvariations, most often due to distortions of the original system, are often called local density of states (LDOS). If the DOS of an undisturbedsystem is zero, the LDOS can locally be non-zero due to the presence of a local potential.