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Environmental Chemistry
Environmental Chemistry

... Under surface conditions rocks disintegrate by a process of weathering – Forms sediments and soil – May be physical (freeze/thaw, wet/dry, growth of roots, etc.) or chemical ...
chemical and isotopic evidence for the in situ origin of marine humic
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... similar results, The majority of samples fell in the range C ‘v 52-56%, H N 5.06.1%, and C: H N 8.4-10. It is therefore apparent that these two elements are not useful for establishing criteria to differentiate marine from nonmarinc humic acids, contrary to the previous report by Bordovskiy ( 1965). ...
chem equation Pkt Student2
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Chapter 12: The Changing Face of the Land
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CHEMISTRY 123-07 Midterm #1 – Answer key October 14, 2010
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Double Displacement Reactions
Double Displacement Reactions

... 1. The hydrogen ion, ammonium ion, and all Group 1 (alkali metal) ions form soluble compounds with nearly all anions. 2. Nitrate and acetate ions form soluble compounds with nearly all cations. 3. Chloride, bromide, and iodide ions form compounds that have low solubility with silver, lead(II), mercu ...
Topic 4 - Lloyd Crosby
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Chapter 4 Solution Chemistry
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Descriptive Chemistry for Midterm Exam #2
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... Occurrence: found in more compounds than any other element on earth. It is the most abundant element in universe. Oxidation states: 0 in H2, +1 in compounds with other non-metals, −1 in metal hydrides. Industrial Preparation of H2: This is carried out through the reduction of +1 oxidation state in H ...
chem 100 class notes - Louisiana Tech University
chem 100 class notes - Louisiana Tech University

... Classification of compounds as acids, bases and salts Most of the chemical compounds can be classified either as an acid, a base or a salt. Acids: Acids are compounds that increase the hydrogen ion concentration when dissolved in water. They usually have at least one removable hydrogen atom attached ...
GEOLOGY FOR MINING ENGINEERS
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... kilometers of the Earth’s surface, but a few traces remain even 10,000 kilometers above  the surface.  THE BIOSPHERE The biosphere is the thin zone near the Earth’s surface that is inhabited by life. It  includes the uppermost solid Earth, the hydrosphere, and the lower parts of the atmosphere. Land ...
articles - Geoscience Research Institute
articles - Geoscience Research Institute

... direction when water was heated in the lower sphere. The mixture passed through the electrodes and was liquefied within a condenser below the sparking chamber. The products formed were then washed down into water and captured within a trap. After one week of sparking, the products were removed from ...
Semester 1 Course Review
Semester 1 Course Review

... 3. How does the outer core produce the Earth’s magnetic field? 4. How is heat transferred from the core to the crust? 5. Who contributed to the theory of plate tectonics and what does the theory state? 6. How does the development of the Theory of Plate Tectonics demonstrate the scientific process? 7 ...
Chemical Monitoring and Management by Ahmad Shah Idil
Chemical Monitoring and Management by Ahmad Shah Idil

... Hence, collaboration between chemists is essential for solving chemical issues, or when dealing with large amounts of data being collected, as the chemists provide input and expertise from their own particular field, for a common goal. ...
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Pedosphere

The pedosphere (from Greek πέδον pedon ""soil"" or ""earth"" and σφαίρα sfaíra ""sphere"") is the outermost layer of the Earth that is composed of soil and subject to soil formation processes. It exists at the interface of the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. The sum total of all the organisms, soils, water and air is termed as the ""pedosphere"". The pedosphere is the skin of the Earth and only develops when there is a dynamic interaction between the atmosphere (air in and above the soil), biosphere (living organisms), lithosphere (unconsolidated regolith and consolidated bedrock) and the hydrosphere (water in, on and below the soil). The pedosphere is the foundation of terrestrial life on this planet. There is a realization that the pedosphere needs to be distinctly recognized as a dynamic interface of all terrestrial ecosystems and be integrated into the Earth System Science knowledge base.The pedosphere acts as the mediator of chemical and biogeochemical flux into and out of these respective systems and is made up of gaseous, mineralic, fluid and biologic components. The pedosphere lies within the Critical Zone, a broader interface that includes vegetation, pedosphere, groundwater aquifer systems, regolith and finally ends at some depth in the bedrock where the biosphere and hydrosphere cease to make significant changes to the chemistry at depth. As part of the larger global system, any particular environment in which soil forms is influenced solely by its geographic position on the globe as climatic, geologic, biologic and anthropogenic changes occur with changes in longitude and latitude.The pedosphere lies below the vegetative cover of the biosphere and above the hydrosphere and lithosphere. The soil forming process (pedogenesis) can begin without the aid of biology but is significantly quickened in the presence of biologic reactions. Soil formation begins with the chemical and/or physical breakdown of minerals to form the initial material that overlies the bedrock substrate. Biology quickens this by secreting acidic compounds (dominantly fulvic acids) that help break rock apart. Particular biologic pioneers are lichen, mosses and seed bearing plants but many other inorganic reactions take place that diversify the chemical makeup of the early soil layer. Once weathering and decomposition products accumulate, a coherent soil body allows the migration of fluids both vertically and laterally through the soil profile causing ion exchange between solid, fluid and gaseous phases. As time progresses, the bulk geochemistry of the soil layer will deviate away from the initial composition of the bedrock and will evolve to a chemistry that reflects the type of reactions that take place in the soil.
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