a meta-interpreter based on paraconsistent legal knowledge
... Law Theory. In these cases, a paraconsistent deontic logic can be useful, as a underlying logic to the inconsistent and paracomplete normative theories, allowing to deal with inconsistencies and paracompleteness in a non-trivial manner, helping in the resolution of antinomies and in the resolution o ...
... Law Theory. In these cases, a paraconsistent deontic logic can be useful, as a underlying logic to the inconsistent and paracomplete normative theories, allowing to deal with inconsistencies and paracompleteness in a non-trivial manner, helping in the resolution of antinomies and in the resolution o ...
penultimate version PDF - METU Department of Philosophy
... Test). Since agency is the system of actions in which mind is rooted, it –in AI– is the basic constituent of rationality, intelligence, mental acts, reasoning and other cognitive skills. In other words, agentive action is the primary source for the rationalization, reasoning, and cognitive processes ...
... Test). Since agency is the system of actions in which mind is rooted, it –in AI– is the basic constituent of rationality, intelligence, mental acts, reasoning and other cognitive skills. In other words, agentive action is the primary source for the rationalization, reasoning, and cognitive processes ...
Intelligence decision systems in enterprise information management
... receded, linguistic variables has been used to modeling. Linguistic variables are variables which are defined by words or sentences instead of numbers (Zadeh, 1975). Many problems in the real world deal with uncertain and imprecise data so conventional approaches cannot be effective in finding the b ...
... receded, linguistic variables has been used to modeling. Linguistic variables are variables which are defined by words or sentences instead of numbers (Zadeh, 1975). Many problems in the real world deal with uncertain and imprecise data so conventional approaches cannot be effective in finding the b ...
Completeness through Flatness in Two
... arrow logic (Venema [26]) which is based on the idea that in its semantics, transitions (arrows) do not link the possible worlds, they are the possible worlds. Two-dimensional arrow logic arises if we see transitions as a pair consisting of an input and an output state. Diverse as all these two-dim ...
... arrow logic (Venema [26]) which is based on the idea that in its semantics, transitions (arrows) do not link the possible worlds, they are the possible worlds. Two-dimensional arrow logic arises if we see transitions as a pair consisting of an input and an output state. Diverse as all these two-dim ...
Lecture 14 Notes
... first-order truth set is exactly the set of all formulas that are true under a fixed first-order valuation. The definition of first-order valuations can be extended to sentences with parameters as follows. Let ϕ be a mapping from the set of parameters to U. For a formula A define Aϕ to be the result ...
... first-order truth set is exactly the set of all formulas that are true under a fixed first-order valuation. The definition of first-order valuations can be extended to sentences with parameters as follows. Let ϕ be a mapping from the set of parameters to U. For a formula A define Aϕ to be the result ...
Lectures on Laws of Supply and Demand, Simple and Compound
... Definition A compound proposition is two or more propositions combined by a logical connective. Example 2 “ If Brian and Angela are not both happy then either Brian is not happy or Angela is not happy”. This is an example of a compound proposition. Logic is not concerned with determining the truth ...
... Definition A compound proposition is two or more propositions combined by a logical connective. Example 2 “ If Brian and Angela are not both happy then either Brian is not happy or Angela is not happy”. This is an example of a compound proposition. Logic is not concerned with determining the truth ...
Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing
... realization, i.e., given a starting and a goal state, one cannot say prior to execution of the tasks the sequence of steps required to get the goal from the starting state. Such problems are called the ideal AI problems. The wellknown water-jug problem [35], the Travelling Salesperson Problem (TSP) ...
... realization, i.e., given a starting and a goal state, one cannot say prior to execution of the tasks the sequence of steps required to get the goal from the starting state. Such problems are called the ideal AI problems. The wellknown water-jug problem [35], the Travelling Salesperson Problem (TSP) ...
Propositional logic - Computing Science
... Therefore, if the computer does not generate, then the program syntax is correct and program execution does not result in division by zero. Argument 2: If x is a real number such that x < -2 or x > 2, then x2 > 4. Therefore, if x2 /> 4, then x /< -2 and x /> 2. The common logical form of both of the ...
... Therefore, if the computer does not generate, then the program syntax is correct and program execution does not result in division by zero. Argument 2: If x is a real number such that x < -2 or x > 2, then x2 > 4. Therefore, if x2 /> 4, then x /< -2 and x /> 2. The common logical form of both of the ...
Propositional and predicate logic - Computing Science
... applying logic, for establishing and verifying facts, and changing or justifying practices, institutions, and beliefs based on new or existing ...
... applying logic, for establishing and verifying facts, and changing or justifying practices, institutions, and beliefs based on new or existing ...
Some Elements for a Prehistory of Artificial Intelligence in the Last
... (in which all the kinds of philosophy consist) are capable of addition and subtraction.” (or in Latin: “Non ergo putandum est computationi, id est, ratiocinationi in numeris tantum locum esse, tanquam homo a caeteris animantibus (quod censuisse narratur Pythagoras) sola numerandi facultate distinctu ...
... (in which all the kinds of philosophy consist) are capable of addition and subtraction.” (or in Latin: “Non ergo putandum est computationi, id est, ratiocinationi in numeris tantum locum esse, tanquam homo a caeteris animantibus (quod censuisse narratur Pythagoras) sola numerandi facultate distinctu ...
A Cut-Free Calculus for Second
... Keywords: Proof theory, Cut-admissibility, Second-order logic, Non-classical logics, Fuzzy logics, Gödel logic, Non-deterministic semantics ...
... Keywords: Proof theory, Cut-admissibility, Second-order logic, Non-classical logics, Fuzzy logics, Gödel logic, Non-deterministic semantics ...
Building a Cultural Intelligence Decision Support System - R
... known as real-world intelligence. They declared that intelligence may be displayed in places other than the classroom and focuses on specific content domains. In our review of the literature, we found about twenty definitions of academic and ‘real-world’ intelligence. Although an extraordinary diver ...
... known as real-world intelligence. They declared that intelligence may be displayed in places other than the classroom and focuses on specific content domains. In our review of the literature, we found about twenty definitions of academic and ‘real-world’ intelligence. Although an extraordinary diver ...
CPSC 2105 Lecture 6 - Edward Bosworth, Ph.D.
... Boolean algebra is defined in terms of two constants (defined above), which we call “0” and “1”. Other courses will call these values “F” and “T”. Boolean algebra is defined in terms of three basic operators, to which we shall add a useful fourth operator. The three operators are NOT, AND, & OR. Eac ...
... Boolean algebra is defined in terms of two constants (defined above), which we call “0” and “1”. Other courses will call these values “F” and “T”. Boolean algebra is defined in terms of three basic operators, to which we shall add a useful fourth operator. The three operators are NOT, AND, & OR. Eac ...
mj cresswell
... In logics with an existence predicate we may easily express H in terms of V. I now want to consider what happens in a language with H rather than v as primitive, but no existence predicate. I f we add identity to modal LPC the issue is changed since Ex can be defined as Ex(x = y) where E is the actu ...
... In logics with an existence predicate we may easily express H in terms of V. I now want to consider what happens in a language with H rather than v as primitive, but no existence predicate. I f we add identity to modal LPC the issue is changed since Ex can be defined as Ex(x = y) where E is the actu ...
Optimal Placement and Sizing of Capacitor Banks Using Fuzzy
... The ACO algorithms form a class of meta-heuristic to solve NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems. It has been introduced to solve the travelling salesman problem. The basic idea is to imitate the behavior of real ants foraging for food. In fact, the real ants can found the shortest path from a ...
... The ACO algorithms form a class of meta-heuristic to solve NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems. It has been introduced to solve the travelling salesman problem. The basic idea is to imitate the behavior of real ants foraging for food. In fact, the real ants can found the shortest path from a ...
Fuzzy logic
Fuzzy logic is a form of many-valued logic in which the truth values of variables may be any real number between 0 and 1. By contrast, in Boolean logic, the truth values of variables may only be 0 or 1. Fuzzy logic has been extended to handle the concept of partial truth, where the truth value may range between completely true and completely false. Furthermore, when linguistic variables are used, these degrees may be managed by specific functions.The term fuzzy logic was introduced with the 1965 proposal of fuzzy set theory by Lotfi A. Zadeh. Fuzzy logic has been applied to many fields, from control theory to artificial intelligence. Fuzzy logic had however been studied since the 1920s, as infinite-valued logic—notably by Łukasiewicz and Tarski.