The Spinal Interneurons and Properties of
... was replaced by 1 mM CaCl2. The dorsal fin was cut, and the tadpole was transferred to 10 M ␣-bungarotoxin saline. After immobilization, the tadpole was repinned so that skin and muscles over the right side of the spinal cord could be removed. A dorsal cut was then made along the midline of the spi ...
... was replaced by 1 mM CaCl2. The dorsal fin was cut, and the tadpole was transferred to 10 M ␣-bungarotoxin saline. After immobilization, the tadpole was repinned so that skin and muscles over the right side of the spinal cord could be removed. A dorsal cut was then made along the midline of the spi ...
Reaching beyond the classical receptive field of V1 neurons
... size of the RF center is to stimulate the cell with a moving high contrast sinewave grating of optimal orientation, spatial and temporal frequencies for the cell, and to increase its size until the response of the neuron ceases to increase [20,54,84]. The high contrast summation RF (hsRF) correspond ...
... size of the RF center is to stimulate the cell with a moving high contrast sinewave grating of optimal orientation, spatial and temporal frequencies for the cell, and to increase its size until the response of the neuron ceases to increase [20,54,84]. The high contrast summation RF (hsRF) correspond ...
PDF
... number of advantages in studies of central nervous system reorganization after sensory loss. Most importantly, the loss is selective for the afferents that convey low-threshold, rapidly conducting tactile inputs from the slowly adapting and rapidly adapting receptors in the skin, while less rapidly ...
... number of advantages in studies of central nervous system reorganization after sensory loss. Most importantly, the loss is selective for the afferents that convey low-threshold, rapidly conducting tactile inputs from the slowly adapting and rapidly adapting receptors in the skin, while less rapidly ...
The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes
... • About 18 inches (45 cm) long • 1/2 inch (14 mm) wide • Ends between vertebrae L1 and L2 ...
... • About 18 inches (45 cm) long • 1/2 inch (14 mm) wide • Ends between vertebrae L1 and L2 ...
The neural mechanisms of perceptual filling-in
... the bar. One target character and one distractor character were presented either on the bar or on the ellipse. Spread of attention was measured as the amount of interfering effect of the distractor on the discrimination of the target character. They found that the interference between two characters ...
... the bar. One target character and one distractor character were presented either on the bar or on the ellipse. Spread of attention was measured as the amount of interfering effect of the distractor on the discrimination of the target character. They found that the interference between two characters ...
the primate amygdala: neuronal representations of
... include firing to even viscous liquids, and sufficiently short so that low viscosity taste stimuli were still activating the neurons, as shown in Fig. 2 of Rolls et al. (2003) and in Fig. 4. An ANOVA was performed (with SPSS) to determine whether the neuron had significantly different responses to t ...
... include firing to even viscous liquids, and sufficiently short so that low viscosity taste stimuli were still activating the neurons, as shown in Fig. 2 of Rolls et al. (2003) and in Fig. 4. An ANOVA was performed (with SPSS) to determine whether the neuron had significantly different responses to t ...
Imagery and Perception Share Cortical
... perception evoke the same representations. In contrast, multivariate pattern classification can establish the encoding of specific contents (Mika et al. 2001; Haxby et al. 2001; Spiridon and Kanwisher 2002; Cox and Savoy 2003; Carlson et al. 2003; Kamitani and Tong 2005; Haynes and Rees 2005a, 2006; N ...
... perception evoke the same representations. In contrast, multivariate pattern classification can establish the encoding of specific contents (Mika et al. 2001; Haxby et al. 2001; Spiridon and Kanwisher 2002; Cox and Savoy 2003; Carlson et al. 2003; Kamitani and Tong 2005; Haynes and Rees 2005a, 2006; N ...
Spinal Kyphosis Causes Demyelination and Neuronal Loss in the
... In this study, as the “kyphosis progressed, an increase in the degree of flattening of the spinal cord and histologic changes, including the loss of anterior horn cells and demyelination of the anterior funiculus, were observed.” “As kyphosis progressed further, the demyelination of the axon spread ...
... In this study, as the “kyphosis progressed, an increase in the degree of flattening of the spinal cord and histologic changes, including the loss of anterior horn cells and demyelination of the anterior funiculus, were observed.” “As kyphosis progressed further, the demyelination of the axon spread ...
Normalization as a canonical neural computation
... in the primary visual cortex 17–19. Similar computations20 had been proposed previously to explain light adaptation in the retina21–24, size invariance in the fly visual system25 and associative memory in the hippocampus26. Evidence that has accumulated since then suggests that normalization plays a ...
... in the primary visual cortex 17–19. Similar computations20 had been proposed previously to explain light adaptation in the retina21–24, size invariance in the fly visual system25 and associative memory in the hippocampus26. Evidence that has accumulated since then suggests that normalization plays a ...
primary visual cortex and visual awareness
... ‘master map’ or spatial–featural index to bind perceptual information across multiple areas. Interactive models predict that disruption of V1 activity should always impair awareness even if extrastriate activity remains intact. Some versions of this theory might also predict some correlation between ...
... ‘master map’ or spatial–featural index to bind perceptual information across multiple areas. Interactive models predict that disruption of V1 activity should always impair awareness even if extrastriate activity remains intact. Some versions of this theory might also predict some correlation between ...
Functional Organization in the Motor Cortex
... BOLD signal is in fact sensitive to movement direction. In addition, a model was constructed to estimate cluster size. This model estimated that cluster diameter is several hundreds of microns, which is comparable to the cluster size estimated in other studies in monkey M1. Given these results, the ...
... BOLD signal is in fact sensitive to movement direction. In addition, a model was constructed to estimate cluster size. This model estimated that cluster diameter is several hundreds of microns, which is comparable to the cluster size estimated in other studies in monkey M1. Given these results, the ...
Receptive Fields and Binaural Interactions for Virtual
... occasionally were used for units that showed fatigue. The method for synthesizing virtual-space stimuli was similar to that used in the human psychophysical experiments of Wightman and Kistler (1989) and the physiological studies of Poon and Brugge (1993) and Brugge et al. (1994). The equalized, pse ...
... occasionally were used for units that showed fatigue. The method for synthesizing virtual-space stimuli was similar to that used in the human psychophysical experiments of Wightman and Kistler (1989) and the physiological studies of Poon and Brugge (1993) and Brugge et al. (1994). The equalized, pse ...
Isn`t it ironic? Neural Correlates of Irony Comprehension in
... and Davis [58] suggested a model that strengthens the role for schizotypal personality traits in schizophrenia. Briefly, they suggested that individuals with elevated schizotypal traits and patients with schizophrenia share a temporal lobe deficit, which is compensated for by lateral prefrontal over ...
... and Davis [58] suggested a model that strengthens the role for schizotypal personality traits in schizophrenia. Briefly, they suggested that individuals with elevated schizotypal traits and patients with schizophrenia share a temporal lobe deficit, which is compensated for by lateral prefrontal over ...
Fluctuations in Perceptual Decisions Panagiota Theodoni
... impressions which are contrary to ours, and that the individual himself does not always think the same in matters of sense-perception. Thus it is uncertain which of these impressions are true or false; for one kind is no more true than another, but equally so. And hence Democritus says that either t ...
... impressions which are contrary to ours, and that the individual himself does not always think the same in matters of sense-perception. Thus it is uncertain which of these impressions are true or false; for one kind is no more true than another, but equally so. And hence Democritus says that either t ...
Making Mirrors: Premotor Cortex Stimulation
... Koch et al., 2006). This procedure also allows investigation of the timing of the influence of PMv on M1 during mirror motor facilitation. Moreover, the same technique can be used to compare the influence exerted by PMv and PMd. In paired-pulse TMS, a conditioning pulse is applied to the brain area ...
... Koch et al., 2006). This procedure also allows investigation of the timing of the influence of PMv on M1 during mirror motor facilitation. Moreover, the same technique can be used to compare the influence exerted by PMv and PMd. In paired-pulse TMS, a conditioning pulse is applied to the brain area ...
The Control of Voluntary Eye Movements: New Perspectives
... as pauses for saccades; they do not completely stop firing as for saccades but reduce their activity by about one-third (Missal and Keller 2002). Microstimulation in the region of the OPNs has long been known to halt saccades, but recent experiments show that such microstimulation also strongly dece ...
... as pauses for saccades; they do not completely stop firing as for saccades but reduce their activity by about one-third (Missal and Keller 2002). Microstimulation in the region of the OPNs has long been known to halt saccades, but recent experiments show that such microstimulation also strongly dece ...
Module 5: Pain Management - Open.Michigan
... – NSAIDs: synthesized at the site of injury; inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, which reduces hyperalgesia – Opiates: interact with mu and kappa receptors; powerful effect on the brainstem and the periphery – Local anesthetics: block sodium channels and thus prevent transmission of nerve impulses ...
... – NSAIDs: synthesized at the site of injury; inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, which reduces hyperalgesia – Opiates: interact with mu and kappa receptors; powerful effect on the brainstem and the periphery – Local anesthetics: block sodium channels and thus prevent transmission of nerve impulses ...
Allochiria
Allochiria (from the Greek meaning ""other hand"") is a neurological disorder in which the patient responds to stimuli presented to one side of their body as if the stimuli had been presented at the opposite side. It is associated with spatial transpositions, usually symmetrical, of stimuli from one side of the body (or of the space) to the opposite one. Thus a touch to the left arm will be reported as a touch to the right arm, which is also known as somatosensory allochiria. If the auditory or visual senses are affected, sounds (a person's voice for instance) will be reported as being heard on the opposite side to that on which they occur and objects presented visually will be reported as having been presented on the opposite side. Often patients may express allochiria in their drawing while copying an image. Allochiria often co-occurs with unilateral neglect and, like hemispatial neglect, the disorder arises commonly from damage to the right parietal lobe.Allochiria is often confused with alloesthesia, also known as false allochiria. True allochiria is a symptom of dyschiria and unilateral neglect. Dyschiria is a disorder in the localization of sensation due to various degrees of dissociation and cause impairment in one side causing the inability to tell which side of the body was touched.