Basal Ganglia, Tremor, Vim-DBS, and the Excitability of Spinal Motor
... motor neurons was enhanced in rigid Parkinsonian patients. It thus seemed reasonable to assume that the main underlying cause of rigidity is an excessive supraspinal drive to the spinal motor neurons, including an increase in motoneuron excitability. No evidence for contribution of these mechanisms ...
... motor neurons was enhanced in rigid Parkinsonian patients. It thus seemed reasonable to assume that the main underlying cause of rigidity is an excessive supraspinal drive to the spinal motor neurons, including an increase in motoneuron excitability. No evidence for contribution of these mechanisms ...
CHAPTER 19 Lesions of the Spine and Spinal Cord
... or multiple traumas, spine can also become unstable. With forward flexion, one vertebra can ride forward over the one below then slip back with extension of back. This retrolisthesis accentuates spinal stenosis. In conjunction with multiple root problems, these patients also experience curious sympt ...
... or multiple traumas, spine can also become unstable. With forward flexion, one vertebra can ride forward over the one below then slip back with extension of back. This retrolisthesis accentuates spinal stenosis. In conjunction with multiple root problems, these patients also experience curious sympt ...
motor neurons
... The types of the Stretch Flex 2) Muscle tonus (static stretch reflex): Caused by a weaker and continues stretch of the muscle, Transmitted from the IA and II sensory ending of the M. S. Multiple synaptic pathway, continues for a prolonged period. Non-synchronized contraction, M. C. for at ...
... The types of the Stretch Flex 2) Muscle tonus (static stretch reflex): Caused by a weaker and continues stretch of the muscle, Transmitted from the IA and II sensory ending of the M. S. Multiple synaptic pathway, continues for a prolonged period. Non-synchronized contraction, M. C. for at ...
Neuro 04 Brainstem Student
... In general, the brainstem is made up of a mixture of long fiber pathways, wellorganized nuclei, and a network of cells which forms the brainstem reticular formation. Most of the nuclei are related directly either to cranial nerve functions or to motor control pathways. 10 of 12 cranial nerves ente ...
... In general, the brainstem is made up of a mixture of long fiber pathways, wellorganized nuclei, and a network of cells which forms the brainstem reticular formation. Most of the nuclei are related directly either to cranial nerve functions or to motor control pathways. 10 of 12 cranial nerves ente ...
THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
... portrayed as arranged along the axon like sausages on a string. (A more apt analogy would be like jelly rolls!) Gaps between the Schwann cells are called nodes of Ranvier. These nodes permit an impulse to travel faster because it doesn't need to depolarize each area of a membrane, just the nodes. ...
... portrayed as arranged along the axon like sausages on a string. (A more apt analogy would be like jelly rolls!) Gaps between the Schwann cells are called nodes of Ranvier. These nodes permit an impulse to travel faster because it doesn't need to depolarize each area of a membrane, just the nodes. ...
Human Anatomy & Physiology I
... Reflexes: fast, involuntary sequences of actions in response to stimuli ...
... Reflexes: fast, involuntary sequences of actions in response to stimuli ...
Control of Movement
... Cell loss involves GABA-secreting axons that innervate the external division of the globus pallidus (GPe) The GPe cells increase their activity, which inhibits the activity of the subthalamic nucleus, which reduces the activity level of the GPi, resulting in excessive movements ...
... Cell loss involves GABA-secreting axons that innervate the external division of the globus pallidus (GPe) The GPe cells increase their activity, which inhibits the activity of the subthalamic nucleus, which reduces the activity level of the GPi, resulting in excessive movements ...
Alcohol and error processing
... evaluative system involving the anterior cingulate cortex [4 – 6], the authors concluded that alcohol consumption leads to impairment in the monitoring of ongoing performance. Importantly, Ridderinkhof et al. were careful to rule out two obvious alternative interpretations of their data. The first i ...
... evaluative system involving the anterior cingulate cortex [4 – 6], the authors concluded that alcohol consumption leads to impairment in the monitoring of ongoing performance. Importantly, Ridderinkhof et al. were careful to rule out two obvious alternative interpretations of their data. The first i ...
Modulation of brain activity by electrical stimulation and external
... The basal ganglia consist of four nuclei that lie deep within the brain, below the neocortex. (Fig. 1). These are: 1. the striatum, 2. the globus pallidus (or pallidum), 3. the substantia nigra, and 4. the subthalamic nucleus (STN). Because of functional differences, the four components of the basal ...
... The basal ganglia consist of four nuclei that lie deep within the brain, below the neocortex. (Fig. 1). These are: 1. the striatum, 2. the globus pallidus (or pallidum), 3. the substantia nigra, and 4. the subthalamic nucleus (STN). Because of functional differences, the four components of the basal ...
bupropion and the autonomic nervous system
... responses through the efferent autonomic nerves, thereby eliciting appropriate reactions of the heart, the vascular system, and all the organs of the body to variations in environmental temperature, posture, food intake, stressful experiences and other changes to which all individuals are exposed. T ...
... responses through the efferent autonomic nerves, thereby eliciting appropriate reactions of the heart, the vascular system, and all the organs of the body to variations in environmental temperature, posture, food intake, stressful experiences and other changes to which all individuals are exposed. T ...
![A22254 Touch [version 2.0 ].](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/015818027_1-1fa81e941fb4f1ccea189d2b012bbb09-300x300.png)
A22254 Touch [version 2.0 ].
... columns, medial lemniscus, and ventral posterior thalamus to the parietal lobe of the cerebral cortex where it is integrated to reconstruct a tactile image of the entire object. • The primary somatic sensory (S-I) cortex — located in the postcentral gyrus — contains a topographic map of the body in ...
... columns, medial lemniscus, and ventral posterior thalamus to the parietal lobe of the cerebral cortex where it is integrated to reconstruct a tactile image of the entire object. • The primary somatic sensory (S-I) cortex — located in the postcentral gyrus — contains a topographic map of the body in ...
How Effective Is tPA 3 to 4.5 Hours After Acute
... reciprocity arise from each. As physicians, we may be most acutely aware of these obligations in relation to an all-expenses-paid junket to some exotic location, but we may not be aware of subtle forms of influence that arise from small gifts. Even little things like a pen with the company’s logo or ...
... reciprocity arise from each. As physicians, we may be most acutely aware of these obligations in relation to an all-expenses-paid junket to some exotic location, but we may not be aware of subtle forms of influence that arise from small gifts. Even little things like a pen with the company’s logo or ...
The Spinal Cord
... – depends on location, extent of damage – monoplegia: 1 limb – paraplegia: both lower limbs – hemiplegia: upper limb, trunk, lower limb on 1 side of body – quadriplegia: all 4 limbs & trunk ...
... – depends on location, extent of damage – monoplegia: 1 limb – paraplegia: both lower limbs – hemiplegia: upper limb, trunk, lower limb on 1 side of body – quadriplegia: all 4 limbs & trunk ...
Visual Cortex and Control Processes Stimuli in Opposite Visual
... In contrast, studies of brain-damaged patients in the clinical, neuropsychological literature on attention have often invoked the notion of “competition” to describe behavioral interactions between widely separated visual inputs, typically in opposite visual hemifields that project to different occi ...
... In contrast, studies of brain-damaged patients in the clinical, neuropsychological literature on attention have often invoked the notion of “competition” to describe behavioral interactions between widely separated visual inputs, typically in opposite visual hemifields that project to different occi ...
Executive Functions: Eye Movements and Neuropsychiatric Disorders
... In addition to smoothpursuit deficits, a number of saccadic eye movement dysfunctions have been identified in schizophrenia. Numerous studies have shown deficits in various voluntary saccade tasks, including delayed, remembered, or predictive saccades. In an antisaccade task, schizophrenic participa ...
... In addition to smoothpursuit deficits, a number of saccadic eye movement dysfunctions have been identified in schizophrenia. Numerous studies have shown deficits in various voluntary saccade tasks, including delayed, remembered, or predictive saccades. In an antisaccade task, schizophrenic participa ...
The Organization of the Frontal Motor Cortex
... FIGURE 2. Mesial and lateral views of the macaque brain showing the cytoarchitectonic parcellation of the frontal motor cortex and the location of other cortical regions or areas cited in the text. Areas buried within the intraparietal sulcus are shown in an unfolded view of the sulcus. For the nom ...
... FIGURE 2. Mesial and lateral views of the macaque brain showing the cytoarchitectonic parcellation of the frontal motor cortex and the location of other cortical regions or areas cited in the text. Areas buried within the intraparietal sulcus are shown in an unfolded view of the sulcus. For the nom ...
Slide 1
... • Several models have been proposed to account for rhythmic jaw movements and sensory input interactions with proposed rhythm generators. • These reflexes perform useful functions when the body is in movement and during chewing but their characteristics change during the two situations. ...
... • Several models have been proposed to account for rhythmic jaw movements and sensory input interactions with proposed rhythm generators. • These reflexes perform useful functions when the body is in movement and during chewing but their characteristics change during the two situations. ...
Peripheral Nervous System - cK-12
... The motor division of the peripheral system carries messages from the central nervous system to internal organs and muscles. The motor division is also divided into two parts (Figure 1.4), the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. The somatic nervous system carries messages that c ...
... The motor division of the peripheral system carries messages from the central nervous system to internal organs and muscles. The motor division is also divided into two parts (Figure 1.4), the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. The somatic nervous system carries messages that c ...
Allochiria
Allochiria (from the Greek meaning ""other hand"") is a neurological disorder in which the patient responds to stimuli presented to one side of their body as if the stimuli had been presented at the opposite side. It is associated with spatial transpositions, usually symmetrical, of stimuli from one side of the body (or of the space) to the opposite one. Thus a touch to the left arm will be reported as a touch to the right arm, which is also known as somatosensory allochiria. If the auditory or visual senses are affected, sounds (a person's voice for instance) will be reported as being heard on the opposite side to that on which they occur and objects presented visually will be reported as having been presented on the opposite side. Often patients may express allochiria in their drawing while copying an image. Allochiria often co-occurs with unilateral neglect and, like hemispatial neglect, the disorder arises commonly from damage to the right parietal lobe.Allochiria is often confused with alloesthesia, also known as false allochiria. True allochiria is a symptom of dyschiria and unilateral neglect. Dyschiria is a disorder in the localization of sensation due to various degrees of dissociation and cause impairment in one side causing the inability to tell which side of the body was touched.