Ch. 14 CNS textbook
... rior median sulcus, just miss dividing the cord into separate symmetrical halves. The anterior fissure is the deeper and the wider of the two grooves—a useful factor to remember when you examine spinal cord diagrams. It enables you to tell at a glance which part of the cord is anterior and which is ...
... rior median sulcus, just miss dividing the cord into separate symmetrical halves. The anterior fissure is the deeper and the wider of the two grooves—a useful factor to remember when you examine spinal cord diagrams. It enables you to tell at a glance which part of the cord is anterior and which is ...
Deficient Fear Conditioning in Psychopathy
... sample using the Psychopathy Checklist–Revised (PCL-R).13 We included only psychopaths with (1) a cutoff score of at least 10.5 on the emotional detachment scale of the PCL-R because we expected more deficient conditioning in this subgroup than in that with antisocial characteristics and (2) no como ...
... sample using the Psychopathy Checklist–Revised (PCL-R).13 We included only psychopaths with (1) a cutoff score of at least 10.5 on the emotional detachment scale of the PCL-R because we expected more deficient conditioning in this subgroup than in that with antisocial characteristics and (2) no como ...
Center-Surround Interactions in the Middle Temporal Visual Area of
... Surround motion at various velocities modulated the overall responsiveness to centrally placed moving stimuli, but it did not produce shifts in the peaks of the center’s tuning curves for either direction or speed. In layers 3B and 5 of the local motion processing columns, a number of neurons respon ...
... Surround motion at various velocities modulated the overall responsiveness to centrally placed moving stimuli, but it did not produce shifts in the peaks of the center’s tuning curves for either direction or speed. In layers 3B and 5 of the local motion processing columns, a number of neurons respon ...
Kandel ch. 42 - Weizmann Institute of Science
... THE CEREBELLUM (Latin, little brain) constitutes only 10% of the total volume of the brain but contains more than half of all its neurons. These neurons are arranged in a highly regular manner as repeating units, each of which is a basic circuit module. Despite its structural regularity the cerebell ...
... THE CEREBELLUM (Latin, little brain) constitutes only 10% of the total volume of the brain but contains more than half of all its neurons. These neurons are arranged in a highly regular manner as repeating units, each of which is a basic circuit module. Despite its structural regularity the cerebell ...
Memory consolidation, retrograde amnesia, and the temporal lobe
... longer ago. It is an important, yet open issue at present, how memory consolidation occurs in the brain (Murre, 1997). Retrograde amnesia (RA), the inability to retrieve information acquired prior to the onset of brain damage, is sometimes extensive enough to cover a patient's whole lifetime, or som ...
... longer ago. It is an important, yet open issue at present, how memory consolidation occurs in the brain (Murre, 1997). Retrograde amnesia (RA), the inability to retrieve information acquired prior to the onset of brain damage, is sometimes extensive enough to cover a patient's whole lifetime, or som ...
Neural Control of Eye Movements
... posture, no maeer what path the eye took to get there. • Lis3ng’s Law – Any eye posiDon can be described by rotaDon of the eye from primary posiDon about a single axis lying in a specific fronto-parallel plane (“LisDng’s plane”). • LisDng’s Law usually holds true for steady gaze posiDons and ...
... posture, no maeer what path the eye took to get there. • Lis3ng’s Law – Any eye posiDon can be described by rotaDon of the eye from primary posiDon about a single axis lying in a specific fronto-parallel plane (“LisDng’s plane”). • LisDng’s Law usually holds true for steady gaze posiDons and ...
Central Nervous System - Spinal Cord, Spinal
... receptors and sends impulses to the effectors. 2. Communication with the brain: has bundles/cables of nerve fibers (tracts) that take sensory impulses up to the brain or motor impulses down from the brain. 3. Movement: muscle contraction for basic movement is controlled by the spinal cord…although t ...
... receptors and sends impulses to the effectors. 2. Communication with the brain: has bundles/cables of nerve fibers (tracts) that take sensory impulses up to the brain or motor impulses down from the brain. 3. Movement: muscle contraction for basic movement is controlled by the spinal cord…although t ...
Labeled lines meet and talk: population coding of somatic sensations
... This population coding hypothesis can nicely explain several thermal paradoxes. For example, synthetic heat sensation created by concurrent activation of both cold and warm spots in the skin (thermal grill) can be explained by a blockage of the Aδ-cold fiber input by C-warm fibers, which in turn all ...
... This population coding hypothesis can nicely explain several thermal paradoxes. For example, synthetic heat sensation created by concurrent activation of both cold and warm spots in the skin (thermal grill) can be explained by a blockage of the Aδ-cold fiber input by C-warm fibers, which in turn all ...
Eye movement control by the cerebral cortex
... What are the advantages and disadvantages of these two methods compared with the classical lesion and electrical stimulation studies? First, they can both be used in normal subjects, who are clearly easier to explore than patients with either small focal lesions or a pathology warranting direct elec ...
... What are the advantages and disadvantages of these two methods compared with the classical lesion and electrical stimulation studies? First, they can both be used in normal subjects, who are clearly easier to explore than patients with either small focal lesions or a pathology warranting direct elec ...
The Human Expression of Symmetry: Art and - Smith
... A particular example of hidden symmetry in art is the placement of the eye in portraits. A survey of portraits over the past two millennia revealed that one eye has tended to be placed symmetrically at or near the vertical axis of the canvas throughout history. This placement violates the inherent s ...
... A particular example of hidden symmetry in art is the placement of the eye in portraits. A survey of portraits over the past two millennia revealed that one eye has tended to be placed symmetrically at or near the vertical axis of the canvas throughout history. This placement violates the inherent s ...
Sten Grillner
... belt, with the belt speed set on low, the two limbs generated alternating locomotor movements. But when the speed was increased, the coordination of the limbs changed to in phase locomotor movements like in a gallop. This thus demonstrated that the two basic modes of coordination could be generated ...
... belt, with the belt speed set on low, the two limbs generated alternating locomotor movements. But when the speed was increased, the coordination of the limbs changed to in phase locomotor movements like in a gallop. This thus demonstrated that the two basic modes of coordination could be generated ...
Purves ch. 8 + Kandel ch. 23 - Weizmann Institute of Science
... Four major types of encapsulated mechanoreceptors are specialized to provide information to the central nervous system about touch, pressure, vibration, and cutaneous tension: Meissner’s corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, Merkel’s disks, and Ruffini’s corpuscles (Figure 8.3 and Table 8.1). These recep ...
... Four major types of encapsulated mechanoreceptors are specialized to provide information to the central nervous system about touch, pressure, vibration, and cutaneous tension: Meissner’s corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, Merkel’s disks, and Ruffini’s corpuscles (Figure 8.3 and Table 8.1). These recep ...
The organization of the cortical motor system: new concepts
... Area VIP occupies the fundus of the intraparietal sulcus (Fig. 2B; Colby et al., 1993). It receives visual projections from various areas belonging to the ‘dorsal visual stream’ (among them areas MST and MT) that are involved in the analysis of optic flow and motion (Maunsell and Van Essen, 1983; Un ...
... Area VIP occupies the fundus of the intraparietal sulcus (Fig. 2B; Colby et al., 1993). It receives visual projections from various areas belonging to the ‘dorsal visual stream’ (among them areas MST and MT) that are involved in the analysis of optic flow and motion (Maunsell and Van Essen, 1983; Un ...
Are fast/slow process in motor adaptation and forward/inverse
... All the above properties about adaptive fast and slow processes are summarized in Table 1. Internal forward and inverse models It is now relatively well accepted that the CNS relies on some knowledge about the task and dynamical states of moving organ in the brain, called internal models. Based on c ...
... All the above properties about adaptive fast and slow processes are summarized in Table 1. Internal forward and inverse models It is now relatively well accepted that the CNS relies on some knowledge about the task and dynamical states of moving organ in the brain, called internal models. Based on c ...
Chapter 4 monkey
... which mediate both attentional and decision-making processes if the task requires an eye movement response. The roles of area FEF and the principal sulcus (PS) in decision making have been investigated in a task in which randomly moving dots indicated to the monkey which of the two targets was to be ...
... which mediate both attentional and decision-making processes if the task requires an eye movement response. The roles of area FEF and the principal sulcus (PS) in decision making have been investigated in a task in which randomly moving dots indicated to the monkey which of the two targets was to be ...
Input-driven components of spike-frequency adaptation can be
... Materials and Methods Electrophysiology. We performed intracellular recordings from axons of receptor neurons in the auditory nerve of adult Locusta migratoria. The tympanic hearing organ of these animals is located in the first abdominal segment above the coxa of the hindlegs. The somata of the rec ...
... Materials and Methods Electrophysiology. We performed intracellular recordings from axons of receptor neurons in the auditory nerve of adult Locusta migratoria. The tympanic hearing organ of these animals is located in the first abdominal segment above the coxa of the hindlegs. The somata of the rec ...
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... Initially, it is advantageous to have the greatest proportion possible of lipophilic particles, because these particles can pass through the lipid membrane of the nerve. Once inside the nerve, a new equilibrium is established, and a new set of hydrophilic particles form. These hydrophilic, charged m ...
... Initially, it is advantageous to have the greatest proportion possible of lipophilic particles, because these particles can pass through the lipid membrane of the nerve. Once inside the nerve, a new equilibrium is established, and a new set of hydrophilic particles form. These hydrophilic, charged m ...
Multiple System Atrophy
... Researchers hope to better understand how CRPS develops by studying immune system activation and peripheral nerve signaling using an animal model of the disorder. The animal model was developed to mimic certain CRPS-like features following fracture or limb surgery, by activating certain molecules in ...
... Researchers hope to better understand how CRPS develops by studying immune system activation and peripheral nerve signaling using an animal model of the disorder. The animal model was developed to mimic certain CRPS-like features following fracture or limb surgery, by activating certain molecules in ...
Visual areas and spatial summation in human visual cortex
... Functional MRI measurements can securely partition the human posterior occipital lobe into retinotopically organized visual areas (V1, V2 and V3) with experiments that last only 30 min. Methods for identifying functional areas in the dorsal and ventral aspect of the human occipital cortex, however, ...
... Functional MRI measurements can securely partition the human posterior occipital lobe into retinotopically organized visual areas (V1, V2 and V3) with experiments that last only 30 min. Methods for identifying functional areas in the dorsal and ventral aspect of the human occipital cortex, however, ...
Modulation of Neuronal Activity in the Monkey Putamen Associated
... 0022-3077/10 Copyright © 2010 The American Physiological Society ...
... 0022-3077/10 Copyright © 2010 The American Physiological Society ...
Superior Colliculus and Visual Spatial Attention
... responses to the appearance of the “C” when the location was cued, for both spatial and symbolic cues. In contrast, “visual-motor” neurons (with both visual and saccade-related activity) showed a similar effect, but only for spatial cues and not for symbolic cues. These neurons also showed higher ac ...
... responses to the appearance of the “C” when the location was cued, for both spatial and symbolic cues. In contrast, “visual-motor” neurons (with both visual and saccade-related activity) showed a similar effect, but only for spatial cues and not for symbolic cues. These neurons also showed higher ac ...
Electrophysiology of Brachial and Lumbosacral Plexopathies
... axonal loss in motor fibers. However, routine MNCS will be abnormal in plexopathy only if the nerve under study is derived from the involved trunk or cord of the brachial plexus. Thus, routine MNCS of the median and ulnar nerves provide information relevant only to the lower trunk/medial cord and C8 ...
... axonal loss in motor fibers. However, routine MNCS will be abnormal in plexopathy only if the nerve under study is derived from the involved trunk or cord of the brachial plexus. Thus, routine MNCS of the median and ulnar nerves provide information relevant only to the lower trunk/medial cord and C8 ...
Allochiria
Allochiria (from the Greek meaning ""other hand"") is a neurological disorder in which the patient responds to stimuli presented to one side of their body as if the stimuli had been presented at the opposite side. It is associated with spatial transpositions, usually symmetrical, of stimuli from one side of the body (or of the space) to the opposite one. Thus a touch to the left arm will be reported as a touch to the right arm, which is also known as somatosensory allochiria. If the auditory or visual senses are affected, sounds (a person's voice for instance) will be reported as being heard on the opposite side to that on which they occur and objects presented visually will be reported as having been presented on the opposite side. Often patients may express allochiria in their drawing while copying an image. Allochiria often co-occurs with unilateral neglect and, like hemispatial neglect, the disorder arises commonly from damage to the right parietal lobe.Allochiria is often confused with alloesthesia, also known as false allochiria. True allochiria is a symptom of dyschiria and unilateral neglect. Dyschiria is a disorder in the localization of sensation due to various degrees of dissociation and cause impairment in one side causing the inability to tell which side of the body was touched.