an inconvenient burden of proof? co2 nuisance plaintiffs will face
... fossil fuels.21 It is believed that CO2 concentrations began to slowly increase by the 19th Century at the dawn of the industrial revolution and to increase rapidly in the mid-20th Century after World War II.22 Because CO2 is a known “greenhouse gas,” scientists began to consider whether CO2 increas ...
... fossil fuels.21 It is believed that CO2 concentrations began to slowly increase by the 19th Century at the dawn of the industrial revolution and to increase rapidly in the mid-20th Century after World War II.22 Because CO2 is a known “greenhouse gas,” scientists began to consider whether CO2 increas ...
Canada`s Emissions Trends 2013
... between “with measures” and “without measures” projections. Moreover, this comparison shows the level of effort required to achieve the target in 2020. This could not be captured by measuring emissions against current levels, as this would not take into account factors such as population and economi ...
... between “with measures” and “without measures” projections. Moreover, this comparison shows the level of effort required to achieve the target in 2020. This could not be captured by measuring emissions against current levels, as this would not take into account factors such as population and economi ...
The equilibrium sensitivity of Earth`s temperature to radiation changes.
... seemingly basic but important question turns out to be a tricky one. It is determined by a number termed equilibrium climate sensitivity, the global mean surface warming in response to a doubling of the atmospheric CO2 concentration after the system has reached a new steady state. Climate sensitivit ...
... seemingly basic but important question turns out to be a tricky one. It is determined by a number termed equilibrium climate sensitivity, the global mean surface warming in response to a doubling of the atmospheric CO2 concentration after the system has reached a new steady state. Climate sensitivit ...
The equilibrium sensitivity of the Earth`s temperature to radiation
... seemingly basic but important question turns out to be a tricky one. It is determined by a number termed equilibrium climate sensitivity, the global mean surface warming in response to a doubling of the atmospheric CO2 concentration after the system has reached a new steady state. Climate sensitivit ...
... seemingly basic but important question turns out to be a tricky one. It is determined by a number termed equilibrium climate sensitivity, the global mean surface warming in response to a doubling of the atmospheric CO2 concentration after the system has reached a new steady state. Climate sensitivit ...
Estimates of the Damage Costs of Climate Change
... One critique remains: The climate change damage estimates as presented by Pearce et al. (1996) are to a large extent based on older, perhaps outdated climate and climate impact studies. Although the social cost chapter qualifies the estimates, the estimates were not adjusted. An important reason is ...
... One critique remains: The climate change damage estimates as presented by Pearce et al. (1996) are to a large extent based on older, perhaps outdated climate and climate impact studies. Although the social cost chapter qualifies the estimates, the estimates were not adjusted. An important reason is ...
Post-2012 Climate Change
... meets both parties’ interests would make it much easier to reach an agreement. When discussing openly their interests most of the time parties find out that their interests are not mutually exclusive. As a summary, focusing on interests not positions is negotiating about the essential issues and con ...
... meets both parties’ interests would make it much easier to reach an agreement. When discussing openly their interests most of the time parties find out that their interests are not mutually exclusive. As a summary, focusing on interests not positions is negotiating about the essential issues and con ...
fulltext pdf - Review of Agricultural and Applied Economics
... (MDGs) and efforts to reduce extreme poverty. It is a change in the state of the climate that can be identified by using statistical tests, by change in the mean and the variability of climatic properties that persist for an extended period typically decades or longer (Intergovernmental Panel on Cli ...
... (MDGs) and efforts to reduce extreme poverty. It is a change in the state of the climate that can be identified by using statistical tests, by change in the mean and the variability of climatic properties that persist for an extended period typically decades or longer (Intergovernmental Panel on Cli ...
changes in high flows in Sweden in the past and the future (1911
... they will increase in number and magnitude in the future. To explore this issue in Sweden, we merged observed time series for the past century from 69 gauging sites throughout the country (450 000 km2 ) with high-resolution dynamic model projections of the upcoming century. The results show that the ...
... they will increase in number and magnitude in the future. To explore this issue in Sweden, we merged observed time series for the past century from 69 gauging sites throughout the country (450 000 km2 ) with high-resolution dynamic model projections of the upcoming century. The results show that the ...
Regional Asia MIP 2014-2020 - European External Action Service
... focus on the Istanbul/Heart of Asia Process as well as to the Regional Economic Cooperation Conference for Afghanistan (RECCA VI). Other processes promoting integration between Afghanistan and its neighbours may also receive support in line with the respective specific objective and results below. ...
... focus on the Istanbul/Heart of Asia Process as well as to the Regional Economic Cooperation Conference for Afghanistan (RECCA VI). Other processes promoting integration between Afghanistan and its neighbours may also receive support in line with the respective specific objective and results below. ...
Improving*the*Outlook*for* Caribbean*Coral*Reefs
... Addressing!the!risks!to!these!systems!is!a!key!element!of!the!CARICOM!response!to!climate!change.!This!Coral! Reef!Plan!of!Action!identifies!the!priority!challenges!for!sustaining!the!benefits!from!coral!reefs!under!a!changing! climate.!It!forms!an!essential!pillar!in!our!collective!efforts!to!achie ...
... Addressing!the!risks!to!these!systems!is!a!key!element!of!the!CARICOM!response!to!climate!change.!This!Coral! Reef!Plan!of!Action!identifies!the!priority!challenges!for!sustaining!the!benefits!from!coral!reefs!under!a!changing! climate.!It!forms!an!essential!pillar!in!our!collective!efforts!to!achie ...
Early effects of climate change: do they include changes in vector
... change in association with climate change. In order to show that vectors and diseases are indeed changing in association with any observed change in meteorological conditions, it is necessary to carry out standardized monitoring of changes in disease patterns. The degree of any response attributed t ...
... change in association with climate change. In order to show that vectors and diseases are indeed changing in association with any observed change in meteorological conditions, it is necessary to carry out standardized monitoring of changes in disease patterns. The degree of any response attributed t ...
1. INTRODUCTION Climate Change, caused by increasing
... decrease in the Slovak GDP. At the present time the Slovak Republic is in the phase of economic revitalisation. The Slovak Republic is based on democratic principles with orientation of its home and foreign policy to the OECD, North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) and the European Union. Slovak ...
... decrease in the Slovak GDP. At the present time the Slovak Republic is in the phase of economic revitalisation. The Slovak Republic is based on democratic principles with orientation of its home and foreign policy to the OECD, North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) and the European Union. Slovak ...
Prospects for Reducing Carbon Intensity in China
... mechanism,” (Social Sciences Academic Press 2012) which required each region to meet its assigned target on its own without the use of market-based or other flexibility mechanisms. In the final year of the 11th FYP, some local governments took extreme measures to achieve their own targets, including ...
... mechanism,” (Social Sciences Academic Press 2012) which required each region to meet its assigned target on its own without the use of market-based or other flexibility mechanisms. In the final year of the 11th FYP, some local governments took extreme measures to achieve their own targets, including ...
Ecosystem-based Adaptation in Marine and Coastal Ecosystems
... Shoreline protection. Across the globe, there are numerous examples of the important role that coastal ecosystems such as mangroves, wetlands, and coral reefs play in coastal protection as they dissipate wave energy. Mangrove restoration in Vietnam has been shown to attenuate wave height and thus re ...
... Shoreline protection. Across the globe, there are numerous examples of the important role that coastal ecosystems such as mangroves, wetlands, and coral reefs play in coastal protection as they dissipate wave energy. Mangrove restoration in Vietnam has been shown to attenuate wave height and thus re ...
2011 CO Basin Assessment Capacity - CLIMAS
... right direction. A challenge singled out by workshop participants is the need for individuals from different sectors to develop and maintain communication networks. The lack ...
... right direction. A challenge singled out by workshop participants is the need for individuals from different sectors to develop and maintain communication networks. The lack ...
Ensemble modeling, uncertainty and robust predictions
... which simulations of future conditions are produced with multiple climate models (or model versions), rather than just one. These ensemble studies are of two main types—perturbed-physics and multimodel—which investigate different sources of uncertainty about future climate change. Increasingly, meth ...
... which simulations of future conditions are produced with multiple climate models (or model versions), rather than just one. These ensemble studies are of two main types—perturbed-physics and multimodel—which investigate different sources of uncertainty about future climate change. Increasingly, meth ...
Climate change, natural disasters and displacement: a
... 20 Jane McAdam and Ben Saul, An Insecure Climate for Human Security? Climate-induced Displacement and International Law, Sydney Centre Working Paper No. 4, University of Sydney, 2008, available at: http:// sydney.edu.au/law/scil/documents/2009/SCILWP4_Final.pdf (last visited 28 September 2010). 21 S ...
... 20 Jane McAdam and Ben Saul, An Insecure Climate for Human Security? Climate-induced Displacement and International Law, Sydney Centre Working Paper No. 4, University of Sydney, 2008, available at: http:// sydney.edu.au/law/scil/documents/2009/SCILWP4_Final.pdf (last visited 28 September 2010). 21 S ...
RI Climate Change Commission 2012 report
... including: revision of infrastructure design and construction standards; interagency and inter-government planning and coordination; public education and outreach; and research and monitoring. A goal of the Commission is to foster these activities and identify ...
... including: revision of infrastructure design and construction standards; interagency and inter-government planning and coordination; public education and outreach; and research and monitoring. A goal of the Commission is to foster these activities and identify ...
Impacts of climate change on the worldTs most exceptional ecoregions
... period is high throughout all but low Prμ regions. Twenty-first century monthly Prμ does not exceed 2σ of the baseline period for any ecoregion under any of the emissions scenarios or time periods. Although there is no evidence for extreme precipitation magnitudes across the Global 200 until at least ...
... period is high throughout all but low Prμ regions. Twenty-first century monthly Prμ does not exceed 2σ of the baseline period for any ecoregion under any of the emissions scenarios or time periods. Although there is no evidence for extreme precipitation magnitudes across the Global 200 until at least ...
Gender and CO2 info_accepted
... Unlike other environmental problems such as garbage, water pollution, or acid rain, people in western-developed countries have been found to believe that climate change is temporarily and geographically distant (Swim et al., 2009). In general, this reduces concern and action. However, altruistic ten ...
... Unlike other environmental problems such as garbage, water pollution, or acid rain, people in western-developed countries have been found to believe that climate change is temporarily and geographically distant (Swim et al., 2009). In general, this reduces concern and action. However, altruistic ten ...
Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Framework for
... on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007) has concluded that “warming of the climate system is unequivocal [...and that]. anthropogenic warming and sea level rise is likely to continue for centuries [...] even if greenhouse gas concentrations are stabilised”. The position of world leading scientists is clear – ...
... on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007) has concluded that “warming of the climate system is unequivocal [...and that]. anthropogenic warming and sea level rise is likely to continue for centuries [...] even if greenhouse gas concentrations are stabilised”. The position of world leading scientists is clear – ...
On the use of imagery for climate change engagement
... In Q-method, comprehensiveness and representiveness are sought through the careful selection of items (statements or images) representative of the issue in question (or ‘‘concourse’’ to use Q terminology), which is more critical than the selection of participants. To use an ecological analogy, the p ...
... In Q-method, comprehensiveness and representiveness are sought through the careful selection of items (statements or images) representative of the issue in question (or ‘‘concourse’’ to use Q terminology), which is more critical than the selection of participants. To use an ecological analogy, the p ...
ece10 Auffhammer 14047463 en
... programs during the early 1970s. The average annual growth rate in per capita consumption during 1960-1973 was approximately 7% and slowed to a remarkable 0.29% during 1974-1995. Growth rates during the last decade of available data have increased to a higher rate of 0.63%, and this difference in gr ...
... programs during the early 1970s. The average annual growth rate in per capita consumption during 1960-1973 was approximately 7% and slowed to a remarkable 0.29% during 1974-1995. Growth rates during the last decade of available data have increased to a higher rate of 0.63%, and this difference in gr ...
Geographic disparities and moral hazards in the predicted impacts
... density is regionally variable. Accordingly, the distribution of human population density provides a more appropriate basis for niche modelling than the range distribution of human presence. However, because humans live in such a wide range of climatic conditions and are socio-economically diverse, ...
... density is regionally variable. Accordingly, the distribution of human population density provides a more appropriate basis for niche modelling than the range distribution of human presence. However, because humans live in such a wide range of climatic conditions and are socio-economically diverse, ...
California Climate Extremes Workshop Report Scripps Institution of Oceanography La Jolla, CA
... Office. Given the high praise offered by all the participants, including myself, I can safely conclude that the scientists were able to successfully convey their messages about the importance of preparing for extreme weather events that will be accentuated by global climate change. The summary talks ...
... Office. Given the high praise offered by all the participants, including myself, I can safely conclude that the scientists were able to successfully convey their messages about the importance of preparing for extreme weather events that will be accentuated by global climate change. The summary talks ...