Means and extremes: building variability into
... decades), resulting in range shifts and alterations in ecological interactions (Parmesan 2006). Extreme disturbances of various types are associated with dramatic biological effects at different levels of ecological organisation, from the individual (e.g. physiological stress) (Parmesan et al. 2000) ...
... decades), resulting in range shifts and alterations in ecological interactions (Parmesan 2006). Extreme disturbances of various types are associated with dramatic biological effects at different levels of ecological organisation, from the individual (e.g. physiological stress) (Parmesan et al. 2000) ...
Mis - Center for International Environmental Law
... Many studies have shown that there are severe financial costs and risks from our current climate change trajectory. These severe financial costs and risks include physical impacts, such as property damage, and corresponding projected decreases in gross domestic product (GDP).20 In terms of globa ...
... Many studies have shown that there are severe financial costs and risks from our current climate change trajectory. These severe financial costs and risks include physical impacts, such as property damage, and corresponding projected decreases in gross domestic product (GDP).20 In terms of globa ...
Demographic Amplification of Climate Change Experienced by the
... Finally, because human population size and distribution have been previously argued to be strongly associated with coastal zones and navigable rivers and only weakly with climate conditions [19] we included distance from waterway (calculated as the shortest distance between the centroid of each coun ...
... Finally, because human population size and distribution have been previously argued to be strongly associated with coastal zones and navigable rivers and only weakly with climate conditions [19] we included distance from waterway (calculated as the shortest distance between the centroid of each coun ...
On Modeling and Interpreting the Economics of Catastrophic
... necessary) thoughts about what this all means for climatechange policy. The next section argues that, were one forced to specify a “best guess” estimate of the extreme bad tail of the relevant probability density function (PDF) of what might eventually happen if only gradually ramped-up remedies are ...
... necessary) thoughts about what this all means for climatechange policy. The next section argues that, were one forced to specify a “best guess” estimate of the extreme bad tail of the relevant probability density function (PDF) of what might eventually happen if only gradually ramped-up remedies are ...
2004 Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Manure
... Accurate quantification of national greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is required to provide a sound basis of government policies and mitigation potential opportunities. Reliable information can also help in the identification of proper responses in line with food security and economic development in t ...
... Accurate quantification of national greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is required to provide a sound basis of government policies and mitigation potential opportunities. Reliable information can also help in the identification of proper responses in line with food security and economic development in t ...
Selecting and Using Climate Change Scenarios for British Columbia
... climate change impact, vulnerability and adaptation analyses. The focus is on British Columbia but much of the content of this report is generally applicable to regional climate change scenarios anywhere, and builds upon the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines for use of scen ...
... climate change impact, vulnerability and adaptation analyses. The focus is on British Columbia but much of the content of this report is generally applicable to regional climate change scenarios anywhere, and builds upon the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines for use of scen ...
NAPAs and NAPs in Least Developed Countries
... Support for NAP processes can encourage countries to prioritise and pursue “noregret” options. The Solomon Islands and Rwanda prioritise “no-regret” response measures that support enabling conditions and institutional environments, thus solidifying a base to support both climate adaptation and econo ...
... Support for NAP processes can encourage countries to prioritise and pursue “noregret” options. The Solomon Islands and Rwanda prioritise “no-regret” response measures that support enabling conditions and institutional environments, thus solidifying a base to support both climate adaptation and econo ...
Weitzman2009-Modeling-Economics-ClimateChange.pdf
... necessary) thoughts about what this all means for climatechange policy. The next section argues that, were one forced to specify a “best guess” estimate of the extreme bad tail of the relevant probability density function (PDF) of what might eventually happen if only gradually ramped-up remedies are ...
... necessary) thoughts about what this all means for climatechange policy. The next section argues that, were one forced to specify a “best guess” estimate of the extreme bad tail of the relevant probability density function (PDF) of what might eventually happen if only gradually ramped-up remedies are ...
Weighing the costs and benefits of climate change to our children
... William Pizer, Ben Groom, and Simon Dietz discuss three possible reasons that we might put a higher value on future benefits. First, people disagree considerably about the correct discount rate. Other plausible interpretations of society’s preferences or observed data could increase the weight we pl ...
... William Pizer, Ben Groom, and Simon Dietz discuss three possible reasons that we might put a higher value on future benefits. First, people disagree considerably about the correct discount rate. Other plausible interpretations of society’s preferences or observed data could increase the weight we pl ...
2. Vulnerability and Adaptation Frameworks
... poor. It was developed to account for the resources that the poor may have that they can use to try to get out of poverty, as well as the diversity of political, institutional and cultural conditions at the village level. It is an approach for identifying development needs and for assessing the effe ...
... poor. It was developed to account for the resources that the poor may have that they can use to try to get out of poverty, as well as the diversity of political, institutional and cultural conditions at the village level. It is an approach for identifying development needs and for assessing the effe ...
In Defense of the Clean Power Plan: Why Greenhouse Gas
... climate change become apparent. In Utility Air Regulatory Group v. EPA (UARG), the Supreme Court constrained one GHG regulation program, but reading UARG as undermining just one rule overlooks the case’s broader implications for GHG regulation under the CAA as a whole. Looking beyond the specific ru ...
... climate change become apparent. In Utility Air Regulatory Group v. EPA (UARG), the Supreme Court constrained one GHG regulation program, but reading UARG as undermining just one rule overlooks the case’s broader implications for GHG regulation under the CAA as a whole. Looking beyond the specific ru ...
Regional Climate Adaptation Planning Alliance
... Plan for multiple time frames and impact scenarios Select strategies with multiple benefits and minimal detrimental impacts Apply a “degrees- of- risk” framework The first step of regional collaboration is to recognize commonalities in terms of shared goals, shared resources, shared needs and ...
... Plan for multiple time frames and impact scenarios Select strategies with multiple benefits and minimal detrimental impacts Apply a “degrees- of- risk” framework The first step of regional collaboration is to recognize commonalities in terms of shared goals, shared resources, shared needs and ...
Climate notes
... • Large volcanic eruptions can influence climates around the world. • Sulfur and ash from eruptions can decrease temperatures by reflecting sunlight back into space. • These changes last from a few weeks to several years and depend on the strength and duration of the eruption. Chapter menu ...
... • Large volcanic eruptions can influence climates around the world. • Sulfur and ash from eruptions can decrease temperatures by reflecting sunlight back into space. • These changes last from a few weeks to several years and depend on the strength and duration of the eruption. Chapter menu ...
Choosing and Using Climate-Change Scenarios for Ecological
... projections and address common misconceptions about this uncertainty. This approach involves identifying primary local climate drivers by climate sensitivity of the biological system of interest; determining appropriate sources of information for future changes in those drivers; considering how well ...
... projections and address common misconceptions about this uncertainty. This approach involves identifying primary local climate drivers by climate sensitivity of the biological system of interest; determining appropriate sources of information for future changes in those drivers; considering how well ...
Policy indexes – what do they tell us and what are their applications? The case of climate policy and business planning in emerging markets: Working Paper 88 (678 kB) (opens in new window)
... performances, as well evidenced in the discussion about accounting for intangibles such as wellbeing or trust, and measuring non-monetized societal benefits such as eco-system services. This paper does not intend to add to the continuously growing literature (see for example Pearce, Atkinson, & Mour ...
... performances, as well evidenced in the discussion about accounting for intangibles such as wellbeing or trust, and measuring non-monetized societal benefits such as eco-system services. This paper does not intend to add to the continuously growing literature (see for example Pearce, Atkinson, & Mour ...
The impacts of climate change on human rights and forced migration
... combination of its extremely high population density, low resource base, principally agrarian economy, geography and high incidence of natural disasters11. Bangladesh does not have the capacity to fully protect and assist its population without international support. It is home to an estimated 2.2 p ...
... combination of its extremely high population density, low resource base, principally agrarian economy, geography and high incidence of natural disasters11. Bangladesh does not have the capacity to fully protect and assist its population without international support. It is home to an estimated 2.2 p ...
Fossil fuel production in a 2°C world: The equity implications of a
... The other perspective is that for countries that have fossil fuel resources, the ability to extract them is a key contributor to development, especially in developing countries with large unmet energy needs, and where fossil fuels are an important source of export revenue. From this perspective, cou ...
... The other perspective is that for countries that have fossil fuel resources, the ability to extract them is a key contributor to development, especially in developing countries with large unmet energy needs, and where fossil fuels are an important source of export revenue. From this perspective, cou ...
Climate Risk Assessment for Water Resources
... 2.1. Defining climatic risk in the Niger Basin In this study climate risk is defined on the basis of changes in annual runoff as a function of projected precipitation and temperature changes; it does not take into account other sources of risk such as vulnerability of specific sectors and future soc ...
... 2.1. Defining climatic risk in the Niger Basin In this study climate risk is defined on the basis of changes in annual runoff as a function of projected precipitation and temperature changes; it does not take into account other sources of risk such as vulnerability of specific sectors and future soc ...
Sarah E. Light
... attitudes and beliefs, and therefore behavior and political debate, about energy use and climate change. Studies have shown that individuals with certain values or political ideologies are less likely to believe in the existence of scientific consensus about climate change, have positive attitudes t ...
... attitudes and beliefs, and therefore behavior and political debate, about energy use and climate change. Studies have shown that individuals with certain values or political ideologies are less likely to believe in the existence of scientific consensus about climate change, have positive attitudes t ...
copenhagen, climate change `refugees` and the need for a global
... Working Group on Further Commitments for Annex I parties [developed state parties] under Kyoto (AWG‐KP 10); and (b) the 8th session of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long‐Term Cooperative Action under the UNFCCC (AWG‐LCA 8). The former was established in 2005 under Kyoto Article 3.9 and considers e ...
... Working Group on Further Commitments for Annex I parties [developed state parties] under Kyoto (AWG‐KP 10); and (b) the 8th session of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long‐Term Cooperative Action under the UNFCCC (AWG‐LCA 8). The former was established in 2005 under Kyoto Article 3.9 and considers e ...
Rapid Climate Change Science Plan
... Europe than would otherwise be the case (Manabe and Souffer 1988, Schiller et al. 1997, Vellinga and Wood 2001, Seager et al. 2001). The THC consists of deep convection induced by surface cooling at high latitudes, sinking to depth, and upwelling of deep waters at lower latitudes, with horizontal s ...
... Europe than would otherwise be the case (Manabe and Souffer 1988, Schiller et al. 1997, Vellinga and Wood 2001, Seager et al. 2001). The THC consists of deep convection induced by surface cooling at high latitudes, sinking to depth, and upwelling of deep waters at lower latitudes, with horizontal s ...
(mis)calculated risk and climate change
... Many studies have shown that there are severe financial costs and risks from our current climate change trajectory. These severe financial costs and risks include physical impacts, such as property damage, and corresponding projected decreases in gross domestic product (GDP).20 In terms of globa ...
... Many studies have shown that there are severe financial costs and risks from our current climate change trajectory. These severe financial costs and risks include physical impacts, such as property damage, and corresponding projected decreases in gross domestic product (GDP).20 In terms of globa ...
Lead time = 3
... Volcanic eruptions - important for large events Mid-latitude ocean temperatures - longer time scales Remote soil moisture/snow cover - not well established Sea-ice anomalies - at least local effects Stratospheric influences - various possibilities ...
... Volcanic eruptions - important for large events Mid-latitude ocean temperatures - longer time scales Remote soil moisture/snow cover - not well established Sea-ice anomalies - at least local effects Stratospheric influences - various possibilities ...
Asian Development Bank Institute (ABDI) Policies and Practices for Low-Carbon Green Growth in Asi a
... sia is at a crossroads. The pursuit of growth has been for several decades and remains today the single most important policy goal of emerging Asian countries. With higher economic growth rates, emerging Asia is increasingly moving towards becoming a middle income region. This fast-paced economic gr ...
... sia is at a crossroads. The pursuit of growth has been for several decades and remains today the single most important policy goal of emerging Asian countries. With higher economic growth rates, emerging Asia is increasingly moving towards becoming a middle income region. This fast-paced economic gr ...
- Harvard University
... Policies designed to manage air pollution and land use may be associated with unintended impacts on climate. Increasing evidence of health effects makes it likely that aerosols and ozone will be the targets of stricter regulations in the future. To date, control strategies have not considered the po ...
... Policies designed to manage air pollution and land use may be associated with unintended impacts on climate. Increasing evidence of health effects makes it likely that aerosols and ozone will be the targets of stricter regulations in the future. To date, control strategies have not considered the po ...