A Survey of Diversity-Oriented Optimization 1 Introduction - IC
... When designing optimization algorithms within different biological population-based paradigms, maintaining diversity is necessary to prevent population from premature convergence, e.g. to local optima. Interestingly, each of the biological paradigms borrowed by artificial intelligence researchers fr ...
... When designing optimization algorithms within different biological population-based paradigms, maintaining diversity is necessary to prevent population from premature convergence, e.g. to local optima. Interestingly, each of the biological paradigms borrowed by artificial intelligence researchers fr ...
Phenotypic flexibility and the evolution of organismal design
... that one term. A similar problem haunts discussions of experimental studies of ‘acclimation’ and ‘acclimatization’, the adjustments of physiological traits to ambient environmental conditions in the laboratory and the field, respectively [18,19,20]. We believe that all these cases should be referred ...
... that one term. A similar problem haunts discussions of experimental studies of ‘acclimation’ and ‘acclimatization’, the adjustments of physiological traits to ambient environmental conditions in the laboratory and the field, respectively [18,19,20]. We believe that all these cases should be referred ...
Here - UIC Computer Science - University of Illinois at Chicago
... best individuals, and have achieved significant improvement in the average fitness of the best solutions. The initial work shows support for the hypothesis that the GEP evolutionary process propels the emergence of solution structures in its genotype. (2) Analysis of limitations with the implementat ...
... best individuals, and have achieved significant improvement in the average fitness of the best solutions. The initial work shows support for the hypothesis that the GEP evolutionary process propels the emergence of solution structures in its genotype. (2) Analysis of limitations with the implementat ...
Creative Ecosystems
... {S1 , S2 , · · · , Snr } the set of all possible outputs. Further, let us define QG ⊆ Q the set of all outputs generated by G. The conceptual space, C, is defined as the base primitives, V and the rules for combining them, i.e.: C = hV, Gi. As a simple example, let us suppose V is a set of musical n ...
... {S1 , S2 , · · · , Snr } the set of all possible outputs. Further, let us define QG ⊆ Q the set of all outputs generated by G. The conceptual space, C, is defined as the base primitives, V and the rules for combining them, i.e.: C = hV, Gi. As a simple example, let us suppose V is a set of musical n ...
genome structure and the benefit of sex
... That is, spontaneous point mutation operates on nucleotides individually whereas sexual recombination manipulates the set of tightly linked nucleotides within a gene in combination (and hence respecting its functional unity). Accordingly, evolution by natural selection in asexual populations can onl ...
... That is, spontaneous point mutation operates on nucleotides individually whereas sexual recombination manipulates the set of tightly linked nucleotides within a gene in combination (and hence respecting its functional unity). Accordingly, evolution by natural selection in asexual populations can onl ...
Gene flow from an adaptively divergent source causes rescue
... In this study we took advantage of recent introduction experiments of Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata) in the wild to overcome the above limitations. Specifically, we tested the initial and sustained effects of gene flow between populations of guppies locally adapted to streams with differe ...
... In this study we took advantage of recent introduction experiments of Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata) in the wild to overcome the above limitations. Specifically, we tested the initial and sustained effects of gene flow between populations of guppies locally adapted to streams with differe ...
Natural Selection in Relation to Complexity
... level of selective percolation as the background to occasional episodes of secular evolutionary change. And here we also see selection entangled in a mesh of extensional complexity that it cannot be held responsible for having produced as a result of promoting the currently best organismic traits wi ...
... level of selective percolation as the background to occasional episodes of secular evolutionary change. And here we also see selection entangled in a mesh of extensional complexity that it cannot be held responsible for having produced as a result of promoting the currently best organismic traits wi ...
Sexual selection and temporal phenotypic variation in a damselfly
... fit between these parts. In addition, from the female’s perspective, males that are more extreme in size (both large and small) may not be preferred because of a less than desirable fit between his claspers and her thoracic plates, which may lead her to reject more extreme males. Moreover, because a ...
... fit between these parts. In addition, from the female’s perspective, males that are more extreme in size (both large and small) may not be preferred because of a less than desirable fit between his claspers and her thoracic plates, which may lead her to reject more extreme males. Moreover, because a ...
NATURAL SELECTION
... mean that there can't be empirical ways of finding out about fitness, just as there are empirical ways of finding out who is a bachelor [Sober, 1984]' At any rate, one of the most important developments in responding to the tautology problem was the development and defense of the so-called propensit ...
... mean that there can't be empirical ways of finding out about fitness, just as there are empirical ways of finding out who is a bachelor [Sober, 1984]' At any rate, one of the most important developments in responding to the tautology problem was the development and defense of the so-called propensit ...
The morphogenesis of evolutionary developmental biology
... and evolutionary biology are becoming integrated through developmental biology. More specifically, they are becoming integrated through evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo). If this new integration is successful, it would constitute a revolution in our way of thinking about the origins of b ...
... and evolutionary biology are becoming integrated through developmental biology. More specifically, they are becoming integrated through evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo). If this new integration is successful, it would constitute a revolution in our way of thinking about the origins of b ...
The morphogenesis of evolutionary developmental biology
... and evolutionary biology are becoming integrated through developmental biology. More specifically, they are becoming integrated through evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo). If this new integration is successful, it would constitute a revolution in our way of thinking about the origins of b ...
... and evolutionary biology are becoming integrated through developmental biology. More specifically, they are becoming integrated through evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo). If this new integration is successful, it would constitute a revolution in our way of thinking about the origins of b ...
Evolutionary Psychology as a Metatheory for the Social
... far has focused too much on inclusive fitness theory, a gene-centered theory. It would be more fruitful for psychology to focus on developmental systems theory. Developmental systems theorists do not view the gene as the center of evolution, but the whole developmental system at all its levels: mole ...
... far has focused too much on inclusive fitness theory, a gene-centered theory. It would be more fruitful for psychology to focus on developmental systems theory. Developmental systems theorists do not view the gene as the center of evolution, but the whole developmental system at all its levels: mole ...
File - ISN Psychology
... They found the scenarios involving food most disgusting. As many of the most harmful diseases are food-borne, Fessler concluded that a heightened sense of disgust was advantageous to our ancestors and allowed them to survive long enough to produce offspring, who passed on the same sensitivities. It ...
... They found the scenarios involving food most disgusting. As many of the most harmful diseases are food-borne, Fessler concluded that a heightened sense of disgust was advantageous to our ancestors and allowed them to survive long enough to produce offspring, who passed on the same sensitivities. It ...
Ernst Mayr, 1904-2005
... as classes or sets (organisms possessing a common property),9,10 Mayr appreciated the compatibility of this view with his own and accepted the role of godfather of the idea.11 As a set or class, a species cannot evolve, it can only be redefined; as an individual, a natural unit, a species assumes eme ...
... as classes or sets (organisms possessing a common property),9,10 Mayr appreciated the compatibility of this view with his own and accepted the role of godfather of the idea.11 As a set or class, a species cannot evolve, it can only be redefined; as an individual, a natural unit, a species assumes eme ...
in evolution - University of California, Berkeley
... substitutions per codon per year; if Fitch and Markowitz are correct, this is the equivalent of 43 X 10=10 amino acid substitutions per variable codon per year. Allowing for three nucleotides per codon, and for the fact that about one fourth of nucleotide substitutions within codons do not change am ...
... substitutions per codon per year; if Fitch and Markowitz are correct, this is the equivalent of 43 X 10=10 amino acid substitutions per variable codon per year. Allowing for three nucleotides per codon, and for the fact that about one fourth of nucleotide substitutions within codons do not change am ...
Using Artificial Selection to Understand Plastic Plant Phenotypes1
... within-species differentiation. While evolutionary responses to diverse stresses did favor a similar suite of traits, ‘‘stress specialists’’ did not show the expected fitness trade-offs across contrasting stressful vs. productive habitats, and also resembled ruderals rather than stress-tolerators. S ...
... within-species differentiation. While evolutionary responses to diverse stresses did favor a similar suite of traits, ‘‘stress specialists’’ did not show the expected fitness trade-offs across contrasting stressful vs. productive habitats, and also resembled ruderals rather than stress-tolerators. S ...
Drift, not selection, shapes toll-like receptor variation among oceanic
... Understanding the relative role of different evolutionary forces in shaping the level and distribution of functional genetic diversity among natural populations is a key issue in evolutionary and conservation biology. To do so accurately genetic data must be analysed in conjunction with an unambiguo ...
... Understanding the relative role of different evolutionary forces in shaping the level and distribution of functional genetic diversity among natural populations is a key issue in evolutionary and conservation biology. To do so accurately genetic data must be analysed in conjunction with an unambiguo ...
What is `Natural` in Natural Selection? To understand Darwin`s
... will be naturally selected: compared to the others in the population, they will naturally outgrow in numbers7. Note that, in the second instance, unlike the first, there is no change in the external conditions, and still there is natural selection. Profitability or usefulness of a variation for the ...
... will be naturally selected: compared to the others in the population, they will naturally outgrow in numbers7. Note that, in the second instance, unlike the first, there is no change in the external conditions, and still there is natural selection. Profitability or usefulness of a variation for the ...
Evolutionary Challenges of Extreme Environments (Part 2)
... usually been considered the ultimate goal of physics and chemistry (Waterman, ’68). Perhaps their evasiveness in biology stems from the quite special entities with which it deals. Living beings have many complex components, dynamically interconnected in multiple ways. These are clearly rather differ ...
... usually been considered the ultimate goal of physics and chemistry (Waterman, ’68). Perhaps their evasiveness in biology stems from the quite special entities with which it deals. Living beings have many complex components, dynamically interconnected in multiple ways. These are clearly rather differ ...
Possible consequences of genes of major effect: transient changes
... erations. By considering the G-matrix for a group of traits, it is possible to predict how selection on one trait or group of traits will cause evolutionary response in others (Lande, 1979; Lande & Arnold, 1983; Grant & Grant, 1995). The major axes of the G-matrix describe the dimension of evolution ...
... erations. By considering the G-matrix for a group of traits, it is possible to predict how selection on one trait or group of traits will cause evolutionary response in others (Lande, 1979; Lande & Arnold, 1983; Grant & Grant, 1995). The major axes of the G-matrix describe the dimension of evolution ...
GENES, ENVIRONMENTS, AND CONCEPTS OF BIOLOGICAL
... examined and criticised. Dawkins explains what the evolutionary version of the gene-centric view is and is not committed to. His theses are extremely useful in order to point out how exactly the view defended here differs from the accepted orthodoxy. 2. InheritanceF The concept of inheritanceF refer ...
... examined and criticised. Dawkins explains what the evolutionary version of the gene-centric view is and is not committed to. His theses are extremely useful in order to point out how exactly the view defended here differs from the accepted orthodoxy. 2. InheritanceF The concept of inheritanceF refer ...
Theoretical perspectives on rapid evolutionary change
... likely to be lost by random genetic drift while rare. Consequently, the distribution of mutations that are both beneficial and survive loss while rare is shifted, with a mode no longer at zero (Fig. 2.2b). Orr (1998) further showed that if we consider not just the first step, but a series of steps tow ...
... likely to be lost by random genetic drift while rare. Consequently, the distribution of mutations that are both beneficial and survive loss while rare is shifted, with a mode no longer at zero (Fig. 2.2b). Orr (1998) further showed that if we consider not just the first step, but a series of steps tow ...
Effective population size and patterns of molecular evolution and
... its interactions with the deterministic forces of mutation, migration, recombination and selection. Ne therefore plays a central part in modern studies of molecular evolution and variation, as well as in plant and animal breeding and in conservation biology. In this Review, I first describe some bas ...
... its interactions with the deterministic forces of mutation, migration, recombination and selection. Ne therefore plays a central part in modern studies of molecular evolution and variation, as well as in plant and animal breeding and in conservation biology. In this Review, I first describe some bas ...
Can Heritable Epigenetic Variation Aid Speciation?
... lacking genetic variability [45] and/or occupying a fragmented landscape. Selectable epigenetic variation can enable genetically depauperate lineages to adapt [46] until genetic assimilation occurs (i.e., when environmentally induced phenotypic variation becomes fixed by secondary genetic control, e ...
... lacking genetic variability [45] and/or occupying a fragmented landscape. Selectable epigenetic variation can enable genetically depauperate lineages to adapt [46] until genetic assimilation occurs (i.e., when environmentally induced phenotypic variation becomes fixed by secondary genetic control, e ...
The evolution of trade‐offs: where are we?
... evolution in any direction is possible. In fact, depending on the distribution of points, the projection of points onto the X-Y plane could produce a zero correlation, and thus it could appear that there was no trade-off between traits X and Y. This is what Pease & Bull (1988) referred to as ‘the pr ...
... evolution in any direction is possible. In fact, depending on the distribution of points, the projection of points onto the X-Y plane could produce a zero correlation, and thus it could appear that there was no trade-off between traits X and Y. This is what Pease & Bull (1988) referred to as ‘the pr ...