![Pre-adaptation, exaptation and technology speciation: a comment](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/002353390_1-0f8e39acd2830e5da14be4940a3ccf94-300x300.png)
Pre-adaptation, exaptation and technology speciation: a comment
... retention processes (as in biological evolution) or Lemarkian processes (as in new product development, etc.). In biology, this led Williams (1966: 6)to define adaptation as occurring when we can, ‘‘attribute the origin and perfection of this design to a long period of selection for its effectivenes ...
... retention processes (as in biological evolution) or Lemarkian processes (as in new product development, etc.). In biology, this led Williams (1966: 6)to define adaptation as occurring when we can, ‘‘attribute the origin and perfection of this design to a long period of selection for its effectivenes ...
Analysis and critique of the concept of Natural Selection (and of the
... would allow it to explore, even if not very effectively at first, some new way of life. Such unexpected potential utilities would be an unavoidable property of any complex system. Providing that environmental changes make such a new way of life possible, and providing that no other populations are w ...
... would allow it to explore, even if not very effectively at first, some new way of life. Such unexpected potential utilities would be an unavoidable property of any complex system. Providing that environmental changes make such a new way of life possible, and providing that no other populations are w ...
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
... Figure 2. (a) Fluctuations in rabbit abundance in Australia between 1950 and 2000 during three critical attempts at biological control: 1950 myxomatosis; 1970 rabbit fleas which increased the efficacy of myxomatosis transmission; and 1995 rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD). Adapted from Saunders et a ...
... Figure 2. (a) Fluctuations in rabbit abundance in Australia between 1950 and 2000 during three critical attempts at biological control: 1950 myxomatosis; 1970 rabbit fleas which increased the efficacy of myxomatosis transmission; and 1995 rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD). Adapted from Saunders et a ...
Evolutionary rescue in vertebrates: evidence, applications and
... Figure 2. (a) Fluctuations in rabbit abundance in Australia between 1950 and 2000 during three critical attempts at biological control: 1950 myxomatosis; 1970 rabbit fleas which increased the efficacy of myxomatosis transmission; and 1995 rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD). Adapted from Saunders et a ...
... Figure 2. (a) Fluctuations in rabbit abundance in Australia between 1950 and 2000 during three critical attempts at biological control: 1950 myxomatosis; 1970 rabbit fleas which increased the efficacy of myxomatosis transmission; and 1995 rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD). Adapted from Saunders et a ...
Natural Selection as a Cause: Probability, Chance, and Selective
... What does the coin-tossing example demonstrate? That when a type of outcome depends on chance, different outcomes may have the same probabilistic cause (here, it’s the relevant physical set-up). This is the distinctive mark of a probabilistic cause. Let us make clear what "probabilistic cause" mean ...
... What does the coin-tossing example demonstrate? That when a type of outcome depends on chance, different outcomes may have the same probabilistic cause (here, it’s the relevant physical set-up). This is the distinctive mark of a probabilistic cause. Let us make clear what "probabilistic cause" mean ...
EVOLUTION OF POPOULATIONS
... may leave more descendants than other individuals do, just by chance • Over time, a series of chance occurrences of this type can cause an allele to become common in a population ...
... may leave more descendants than other individuals do, just by chance • Over time, a series of chance occurrences of this type can cause an allele to become common in a population ...
EVOLUTION OF POPOULATIONS
... may leave more descendants than other individuals do, just by chance • Over time, a series of chance occurrences of this type can cause an allele to become common in a population ...
... may leave more descendants than other individuals do, just by chance • Over time, a series of chance occurrences of this type can cause an allele to become common in a population ...
less would have been more1 - Stephen Stearns
... is the correlation between the two. When the correlation between reproductive success and a trait is significantly positive or negative, natural selection is operating; when that correlation is zero, selection disappears, even though variation in reproductive success remains, and what is left is neu ...
... is the correlation between the two. When the correlation between reproductive success and a trait is significantly positive or negative, natural selection is operating; when that correlation is zero, selection disappears, even though variation in reproductive success remains, and what is left is neu ...
The evolution of the G matrix: selection or drift?
... 526, a 10-fold increase. Both of these changes are within the range of interspeci®c variation in morphological traits and the former is probably most typical (see above). On a geological time-scale 5000 generations is short and changes of the above magnitude would be considered rapid. A cull of 0. ...
... 526, a 10-fold increase. Both of these changes are within the range of interspeci®c variation in morphological traits and the former is probably most typical (see above). On a geological time-scale 5000 generations is short and changes of the above magnitude would be considered rapid. A cull of 0. ...
The scale independence of evolution
... effect are more likely to be deleterious than those of small effect, thus making the former poor candidates for major evolutionary roles. While the abundance of genetic variation in natural populations cannot be doubted, recent theoretical and empirical work suggests that a more nuanced view of the ...
... effect are more likely to be deleterious than those of small effect, thus making the former poor candidates for major evolutionary roles. While the abundance of genetic variation in natural populations cannot be doubted, recent theoretical and empirical work suggests that a more nuanced view of the ...
Reprint - Queen`s University Department of Mathematics and Statistics.
... purports to have implications for theories of speciation by using an assumption of asexuality, but my goal here is to explore how population structure affects the form of selection that results from competition for resources rather than to explore speciation itself. An assumption of asexuality is we ...
... purports to have implications for theories of speciation by using an assumption of asexuality, but my goal here is to explore how population structure affects the form of selection that results from competition for resources rather than to explore speciation itself. An assumption of asexuality is we ...
Evolutionary uniformitarianism
... simply due to extinction of once-intermediate forms. The exploration of morphologies through a morphospace has not been random, but has been guided to greater or lesser extent by selection. Consequently, large regions of morphospace may never have been sampled by evolution (Thomas and Reif, 1991; Th ...
... simply due to extinction of once-intermediate forms. The exploration of morphologies through a morphospace has not been random, but has been guided to greater or lesser extent by selection. Consequently, large regions of morphospace may never have been sampled by evolution (Thomas and Reif, 1991; Th ...
What is Natural Selection?
... 1. Natural selection and artificial selection 2. Natural selection and the struggle for existence 3. Fitness and actual reproductive success 4. Natural selection as variation in fitness 5.Natural selection ≠ evolution by natural selection 6. Natural Selection and Drift 7. Natural selection and side- ...
... 1. Natural selection and artificial selection 2. Natural selection and the struggle for existence 3. Fitness and actual reproductive success 4. Natural selection as variation in fitness 5.Natural selection ≠ evolution by natural selection 6. Natural Selection and Drift 7. Natural selection and side- ...
natural selection
... 28. Scientists at Texas A&M University have discovered how to insert a “maroon gene” into the genetic material of a Bluebonnet that causes it to grow maroon-colored. As this flower reproduces, it forms additional maroon flowers. Which evolutionary process is represented in this ...
... 28. Scientists at Texas A&M University have discovered how to insert a “maroon gene” into the genetic material of a Bluebonnet that causes it to grow maroon-colored. As this flower reproduces, it forms additional maroon flowers. Which evolutionary process is represented in this ...
File - Lincoln High School AP Biology
... Evolution of populations Evolution = change in allele frequencies in a population Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium states that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of evolutionary influences. ...
... Evolution of populations Evolution = change in allele frequencies in a population Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium states that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of evolutionary influences. ...
Understanding natural selection - Assets
... upon the ground . . . this mechanism being observed the inference we think is inevitable, that the watch must have had a maker . . . or shall it, all at once turn us around to an opposite conclusion, namely that no art or skill whatever has been concerned in the business. Can this be maintained with ...
... upon the ground . . . this mechanism being observed the inference we think is inevitable, that the watch must have had a maker . . . or shall it, all at once turn us around to an opposite conclusion, namely that no art or skill whatever has been concerned in the business. Can this be maintained with ...
Understanding natural selection - Beck-Shop
... upon the ground . . . this mechanism being observed the inference we think is inevitable, that the watch must have had a maker . . . or shall it, all at once turn us around to an opposite conclusion, namely that no art or skill whatever has been concerned in the business. Can this be maintained with ...
... upon the ground . . . this mechanism being observed the inference we think is inevitable, that the watch must have had a maker . . . or shall it, all at once turn us around to an opposite conclusion, namely that no art or skill whatever has been concerned in the business. Can this be maintained with ...
the causes of evolution
... Experiments showed that the peppered moths were camouflaged from bird predators on lichen-covered (unpolluted) trees, while melanics were camouflaged on polluted, dark trees. Prior to human-caused pollution, individuals with the peppered form survived the best—they blended with the lichen, and birds ...
... Experiments showed that the peppered moths were camouflaged from bird predators on lichen-covered (unpolluted) trees, while melanics were camouflaged on polluted, dark trees. Prior to human-caused pollution, individuals with the peppered form survived the best—they blended with the lichen, and birds ...
1. Evolution, fitness and adaptations The ability of humans to
... the loose and still emerging concept of evolutionary psychology – the proposition that the human psyche is, in part, a product of our genetic inheritance - will be explored. The intention at this preliminary stage is to articulate a broad, evolutionary framework into which this more developed model ...
... the loose and still emerging concept of evolutionary psychology – the proposition that the human psyche is, in part, a product of our genetic inheritance - will be explored. The intention at this preliminary stage is to articulate a broad, evolutionary framework into which this more developed model ...
A Review of the Evolutionary Psychology Debates
... evolutionary and psychological theories—has been most strongly advocated in a long essay by the anthropologist John Tooby and the psychologist Leda Cosmides, entitled “The Psychological Foundations of Culture” [4]. Tooby and Cosmides claim that evolutionary theory has, until now, been largely absent ...
... evolutionary and psychological theories—has been most strongly advocated in a long essay by the anthropologist John Tooby and the psychologist Leda Cosmides, entitled “The Psychological Foundations of Culture” [4]. Tooby and Cosmides claim that evolutionary theory has, until now, been largely absent ...
18 The Evolution of Phenotypes
... simple system to understand. There are only a few suitable seed types on each island. The habitat is open so it is relatively easy to spot the birds, and the lack of predators makes the birds relatively tame. Through repeated captures and exhaustive searching on the small island they were able to ta ...
... simple system to understand. There are only a few suitable seed types on each island. The habitat is open so it is relatively easy to spot the birds, and the lack of predators makes the birds relatively tame. Through repeated captures and exhaustive searching on the small island they were able to ta ...
Modern application of evolutionary theory to psychology: Key
... evolutionary scientists include the two concepts under the label natural selection. Sexual selection includes the two components of intrasexual competition (competition between members of the same sex for sexual access to members of the other sex) and intersexual selection (differential mate choice ...
... evolutionary scientists include the two concepts under the label natural selection. Sexual selection includes the two components of intrasexual competition (competition between members of the same sex for sexual access to members of the other sex) and intersexual selection (differential mate choice ...
8 The Evolution of Phenotypes
... simple system to understand. There are only a few suitable seed types on each island. The habitat is open so it is relatively easy to spot the birds, and the lack of predators makes the birds relatively tame. Through repeated captures and exhaustive searching on the small island they were able to ta ...
... simple system to understand. There are only a few suitable seed types on each island. The habitat is open so it is relatively easy to spot the birds, and the lack of predators makes the birds relatively tame. Through repeated captures and exhaustive searching on the small island they were able to ta ...
Natural Selection: A Concept in Need of Some
... all their great number and diversity, have never given rise to any other Class of organized beings since they themselves came into existence. Diversification, in mere terms of speciosity, is only one element of evolution, and perhaps not even its defining element. ...
... all their great number and diversity, have never given rise to any other Class of organized beings since they themselves came into existence. Diversification, in mere terms of speciosity, is only one element of evolution, and perhaps not even its defining element. ...
Lamarck Ascending! - Harvard DASH
... inheritance of acquired changes (Burkhardt #4; Loison #7). Weismann undoubtedly considered the First Law to be a surreptitious importation of an inadmissible ‘principle of design.’ A violation of either of Weismann’s conclusions, about the proximate mechanism of inheritance or about the ultimate sou ...
... inheritance of acquired changes (Burkhardt #4; Loison #7). Weismann undoubtedly considered the First Law to be a surreptitious importation of an inadmissible ‘principle of design.’ A violation of either of Weismann’s conclusions, about the proximate mechanism of inheritance or about the ultimate sou ...