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China and South-South Scoping Assessment for
China and South-South Scoping Assessment for

... reason, adaptation cannot remain a national issue and can be greatly enhanced by international sharing, particularly between developing countries who share similar challenges and contexts. China has an important role to play in global development, climate resilience and South-South cooperation. Nume ...
France`s adaptation to global climate change
France`s adaptation to global climate change

... harm, depending on whether or not humans, installations or valuable natural areas are located where the phenomenon occurs, and finally to the preparedness of society. Societies themselves are able to set acceptable limits for adaptation. Some further points that draw a fundamental distinction betwee ...
Panama and the Specter of Climate Change
Panama and the Specter of Climate Change

... economic boom in recent years). 20. This author has explored the plight of nations on the periphery in some depth. See, e.g., Climate Change and the Poorest Nations, supra note 6. 21. See Kyoto Protocol, supra note 2, at art. 12. The Clean Development Mechanism ("CDM"), as defined in Article 12 of t ...
NRDC: Hotter and Drier - The West`s Changed Climate
NRDC: Hotter and Drier - The West`s Changed Climate

... Department of Natural Resources and Conservation; Martha Apple, Montana Tech of the University of Montana; Jennifer Chase, Colorado State Forest Service; Gabriela Chavarria, NRDC; Lisa Crozier, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Robin Cunningham, Fishing Outfitters Association o ...
NRCan/CIP Projects and Initiatives on climate
NRCan/CIP Projects and Initiatives on climate

... The IPCC has recently completed its Fourth Assessment Report entitled “Climate Change 2007”, commonly referred to as AR4. The report, including a Summary for Policy Makers, is available at http://www.ipcc.ch/press/index.htm. Some of the key findings include: Given current mitigation policies and sus ...


... difficult to quantify because the emissions of these gases depend on many assumptions and uncertain factors such as population growth, the use of carbon fuel as an energy source, technological development, economic development, policy and attitudes towards environment, etc (see Nakićenović et al. 20 ...
Climate Change Adaptation Discussion Paper MS Word
Climate Change Adaptation Discussion Paper MS Word

... developed since that have progressed work in this space. These include: the Urban Forest Strategy 201220322, Open Space Strategy 20123, Total Watermark – City as a Catchment update 20144, Growing Green Guide 20145, and the Elizabeth Street Catchment Integrated Water Cycle Management Plan 2015 6. Whi ...
An investor enquiry: how much big oil spends on obstructive climate
An investor enquiry: how much big oil spends on obstructive climate

... Despite claiming in 2008 that it would cease its funding of climate denial, it has continued to support denial through "research sponsorship14 and political non-profits such as the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC).4 It further continues to propagate against a low-carbon future, stating t ...
Climate Change and US National Security
Climate Change and US National Security

... resources? In a world of pressing security problems, how can those concerned about climate change make a compelling case for dedicating scarce resources to this problem? This volume has an expressed aim of encouraging triage and goal-setting: that some problems are more important than others and “al ...
Climate change challenge badge
Climate change challenge badge

... them to believe that they can make a difference in the world. The best way to make this difference is by encouraging young people to embrace long-term behaviour change. Many current social and environmental problems are caused by unhealthy or unsustainable human behaviour. Most people need to adapt ...
Behaviour Change - Appendix B
Behaviour Change - Appendix B

... Summary Findings for Local Opinion Leaders On a local level; there is a great interest in environmental initiatives taken on by government agencies such as the Environment Agency and English Nature, as they directly affect people¹s everyday lives. This has led to opposition by local parties concerne ...
This paper offers a unifying conceptual framework for examining the
This paper offers a unifying conceptual framework for examining the

... Inequality has been a constant issue in the climate change discussion. However, the focus so far has been on inequality across countries. Thus, debates have raged and are still raging over differences across countries regarding the climate change “burden” with respect to the responsibility for causi ...
Climate: Observations, projections and impacts
Climate: Observations, projections and impacts

... available to the researchers in the project was used, unless there were good scientific reasons for not doing so. For example, some impacts areas were omitted, such as many of those associated with human health. In this case, these impacts are strongly dependant on local factors and do not easily le ...
CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENTS: AN
CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENTS: AN

... Mitigation has traditionally received much greater attention than adaptation in the climate change community, both from a scientific and from a policy perspective. Important reasons for the focus on mitigation are, first of all, that mitigating climate change helps to reduce impacts on all climate-s ...
TEM simulated monthly net methane emissions
TEM simulated monthly net methane emissions

... Eurasia from 1971 to 2100. Multiple model simulations using various wetland extent datasets and climate change scenarios were conducted to assess the uncertainty of CH4 fluxes, including emissions and consumption. On the basis of these simulations we estimate the current net emissions in the region ...
Can actuaries really afford to ignore climate
Can actuaries really afford to ignore climate

... Our goal has been to make use of the most reliable and most up to date climate science available, and to avoid conclusions that are not supported by the majority of climate scientists. In order to achieve this, we have collaborated with Professor Andy Pitman, Director of the ARC Centre of Excellence ...
Dialogue on Long Term Persistence
Dialogue on Long Term Persistence

... If the temperature of this year is not related to that of last year or next year we can use statistics to determine whether the increase in global temperature is significant or not. In such an “uncorrelated climate”, i.e. if the temperature of this year is fully independent of other years, the avera ...
Human Impacts on Climate: A Broader View than Reported in the IPCC
Human Impacts on Climate: A Broader View than Reported in the IPCC

... ÎSince the climate forcing of CO2 is only one of a diverse set of first order human climate forcings, and global warming is only a subset of climate change (NRC, 2005; IGBP-BAHC, 2004), the current IPCC focus is an ineffective climate policy. ÎThe current IPCC focus is to use the focus on CO2 to pro ...
What is a Tonne? - CarbonSolutions
What is a Tonne? - CarbonSolutions

... Yes, A ton IS 2,000 lbs! This contrasts with a tonne, which is defined in metric terms of 1,000 kg or 2,204.6 lbs. ...
climate change
climate change

... Global temperatures have now risen approximately 1°C above pre-industrial levels. This has already led to significant climatic changes in many places on the planet, thus, challenging food and nutrition security by reducing the productivity of agriculture and negatively affecting small-scale food pro ...
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF MONTSERRAT
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF MONTSERRAT

... 2007) provided compelling scientific evidence that human activity in the form of GHG emissions is responsible for many observed climate changes, but noted that use of this knowledge to support decision making, manage risks and engage stakeholders is inadequate. The international transport sector is ...
Towards a Strategy on Climate Change, Ecosystem Services
Towards a Strategy on Climate Change, Ecosystem Services

... The Draft Strategy Paper was presented to and discussed with: the ENCA adaptation group at its Workshop on "Developing ecosystem-based adaptation to climate change - why, what and how" in Vilm 23-24 June 2009; the participants of the EIONET workshop on adaptation in Copenhagen 30 June – 1 July 2009; ...
Sustainable Agriculture and Climate Changes in Egypt
Sustainable Agriculture and Climate Changes in Egypt

... that manages all assets, natural resources and human resources as well as financial and physical assets, for increasing long-term wealth and well-being. Development is a value-laden word implying change that is desirable. It may be considered a vector of desirable society objectives, the elements of ...
Is co-producing science for adaptation decision
Is co-producing science for adaptation decision

... theoretical and methodological insights from disciplinary sciences are sidelined (Swart et al 2014: 4). This can led to a 'trade-off between research that is co-produced to be accountable to the knowledge needs of societal decision-makers [science for adaptation], and co-produced research that seeks ...
Danish strategy for adaptation to a changing climate
Danish strategy for adaptation to a changing climate

... The goal of the strategy is that in future climate change should be considered and integrated into planning and development in the most appropriate way. The strategy contains a number of sight-lines to enable authorities, businesses and citizens to react promptly and autonomously to the challenges c ...
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2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference



The 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference, commonly known as the Copenhagen Summit, was held at the Bella Center in Copenhagen, Denmark, between 7 and 18 December. The conference included the 15th Conference of the Parties (COP 15) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the 5th Meeting of the Parties (MOP 5) to the Kyoto Protocol. According to the Bali Road Map, a framework for climate change mitigation beyond 2012 was to be agreed there.On Friday 18 December, the final day of the conference, international media reported that the climate talks were ""in disarray"". Media also reported that in lieu of a summit collapse, only a ""weak political statement"" was anticipated at the conclusion of the conference. The Copenhagen Accord was drafted by the United States, China, India, Brazil and South Africa on 18 December, and judged a ""meaningful agreement"" by the United States government. It was ""taken note of"", but not ""adopted"", in a debate of all the participating countries the next day, and it was not passed unanimously. The document recognised that climate change is one of the greatest challenges of the present day and that actions should be taken to keep any temperature increases to below 2 °C. The document is not legally binding and does not contain any legally binding commitments for reducing CO2 emissions.In January 2014, documents leaked by Edward Snowden and published by Dagbladet Information revealed that the US government negotiators were in receipt of information during the conference that was being obtained by spying against other conference delegations. The US National Security Agency provided US delegates with advance details other delegations' positions, including the Danish plan to ""rescue"" the talks should they flounder. Members of the Danish negotiating team said that both the US and Chinese delegations were ""peculiarly well-informed"" about closed-door discussions: ""They simply sat back, just as we had feared they would if they knew about our document.""
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