AAAS_What We Know
... until there is a large- scale, cost-effective way to scrub carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Moreover, as emissions continue and warming increases, the risk increases. By making informed choices now, we can reduce risks for future generations and ourselves, and help communities adapt to climate ch ...
... until there is a large- scale, cost-effective way to scrub carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Moreover, as emissions continue and warming increases, the risk increases. By making informed choices now, we can reduce risks for future generations and ourselves, and help communities adapt to climate ch ...
Attachment 2
... Bayesian assessments of probability distributions) when assessing the weight of evidence. Behavioural research has found that lay people can often extract the information that they need from clear numeric expressions of uncertainty, but that they struggle with the ambiguity of verbal quantifiers, su ...
... Bayesian assessments of probability distributions) when assessing the weight of evidence. Behavioural research has found that lay people can often extract the information that they need from clear numeric expressions of uncertainty, but that they struggle with the ambiguity of verbal quantifiers, su ...
GENERAL Climate Change, Water and Policy-making in
... Mediterranean, warming over the 21st century will be larger than global annual mean warming – between 2.2 and 5.1ºC according to an optimistic emissions scenario (A1B) in which rapid economic growth and technological change have reduced reliance on fossil-intensive energy sources. Annual precipitati ...
... Mediterranean, warming over the 21st century will be larger than global annual mean warming – between 2.2 and 5.1ºC according to an optimistic emissions scenario (A1B) in which rapid economic growth and technological change have reduced reliance on fossil-intensive energy sources. Annual precipitati ...
Climate and Happiness
... The impacts of the enhanced greenhouse effect are many and diverse (Smith et al., 2001; Tol, 2002). Tackling the problem of future climate change is one of the most challenging issues of this century and has major implications for policies of development and environmental management. Efforts to redu ...
... The impacts of the enhanced greenhouse effect are many and diverse (Smith et al., 2001; Tol, 2002). Tackling the problem of future climate change is one of the most challenging issues of this century and has major implications for policies of development and environmental management. Efforts to redu ...
Procedural Rights as a Crucial Tool to Combat Climate Change
... Human Dimension of Global Climate Change.' During the Conference, the world's Small Island States, which are among the most vulnerable communities on the planet to climate change, discussed the impact of global warming on individual people in their countries and also, for the first time, asked the q ...
... Human Dimension of Global Climate Change.' During the Conference, the world's Small Island States, which are among the most vulnerable communities on the planet to climate change, discussed the impact of global warming on individual people in their countries and also, for the first time, asked the q ...
NONLINEARITIES, FEEDBACKS AND CRITICAL THRESHOLDS
... as the intricate time series produced by a dripping faucet, the unpredictable oscillations of a double pendulum, or the random behavior of populations in models of logistic growth (May, 1976). Conversely, complexity refers to complicated systems that exhibit simple, so-called emergent behavior. For ...
... as the intricate time series produced by a dripping faucet, the unpredictable oscillations of a double pendulum, or the random behavior of populations in models of logistic growth (May, 1976). Conversely, complexity refers to complicated systems that exhibit simple, so-called emergent behavior. For ...
NONLINEARITIES, FEEDBACKS AND CRITICAL THRESHOLDS WITHIN THE EARTH’S CLIMATE SYSTEM
... as the intricate time series produced by a dripping faucet, the unpredictable oscillations of a double pendulum, or the random behavior of populations in models of logistic growth (May, 1976). Conversely, complexity refers to complicated systems that exhibit simple, so-called emergent behavior. For ...
... as the intricate time series produced by a dripping faucet, the unpredictable oscillations of a double pendulum, or the random behavior of populations in models of logistic growth (May, 1976). Conversely, complexity refers to complicated systems that exhibit simple, so-called emergent behavior. For ...
FAQ Sustainable Development Summit (English)
... trillions of dollars. But these resources already exist. There are far more than enough savings in the world to finance the new agenda. ● Resources need to be mobilized from domestic and international sources, as well as from the public and private sectors. ● Official development assistance is still ...
... trillions of dollars. But these resources already exist. There are far more than enough savings in the world to finance the new agenda. ● Resources need to be mobilized from domestic and international sources, as well as from the public and private sectors. ● Official development assistance is still ...
Generating possibility distributions of scenarios for regional climate
... Scenario Thinking – Robust Decisions • Scenarios are provocative and plausible accounts of how the future might unfold. • The purpose is not to identify the most likely future, but to create a map of uncertainty of the forces driving us toward the unknown future. • Scenarios help decision makers or ...
... Scenario Thinking – Robust Decisions • Scenarios are provocative and plausible accounts of how the future might unfold. • The purpose is not to identify the most likely future, but to create a map of uncertainty of the forces driving us toward the unknown future. • Scenarios help decision makers or ...
Discuss - Harvard University
... - Preparing the United States for the Impacts of Climate Change to manage climate risks and build resilience. The executive order has been built upon three pillars: “Human Health and Safety; Public Use and Enjoyment: climate change impacts on the public’s ability to recreate on e.g. infrastructure t ...
... - Preparing the United States for the Impacts of Climate Change to manage climate risks and build resilience. The executive order has been built upon three pillars: “Human Health and Safety; Public Use and Enjoyment: climate change impacts on the public’s ability to recreate on e.g. infrastructure t ...
Marshall Islands
... and resources. RMI seeks to consider, as appropriate, the legal and regulatory means to best support these approaches. RMI also considers that adaptation action will have mitigation co-benefits, with efforts such as mangrove and agriculture rehabilitation programs likely to enhance carbon sinks as w ...
... and resources. RMI seeks to consider, as appropriate, the legal and regulatory means to best support these approaches. RMI also considers that adaptation action will have mitigation co-benefits, with efforts such as mangrove and agriculture rehabilitation programs likely to enhance carbon sinks as w ...
PDF
... most common proposal to address this market failure is carbon taxation at a level that reflects the social costs of carbon emissions, or a cap-and-trade system with comparable effects on carbon pricing. The second market failure is an insufficient level of private research and development on clean e ...
... most common proposal to address this market failure is carbon taxation at a level that reflects the social costs of carbon emissions, or a cap-and-trade system with comparable effects on carbon pricing. The second market failure is an insufficient level of private research and development on clean e ...
On non-marginal cost-benefit analysis: Abstract of Working Paper 18 (1 MB) (opens in new window)
... proposition 1 below). In defining non-marginal projects this way, we are interested not in the effects of small projects on relative prices, which have been much more comprehensively explored, but on the effects of large projects on aggregate consumption. Section 2 reviews the relevant public econom ...
... proposition 1 below). In defining non-marginal projects this way, we are interested not in the effects of small projects on relative prices, which have been much more comprehensively explored, but on the effects of large projects on aggregate consumption. Section 2 reviews the relevant public econom ...
ClimateJobsBooklet2011-2_South Africa
... sustainable development and growth through redistribution. ...
... sustainable development and growth through redistribution. ...
... classified as great, is likely to be increased for the country. This is based upon the possible effects that the projected unscheduled impacts can have on the economy both in terms of loss of life and economic infrastructure. Global changes have meant increased vulnerability in most locations, but, ...
Links between Ozone and Climate
... Figure 12. Long-term mean (thin black contour) and linear trend (color) of zonal mean DJF zonal w or (a) ERA-Interim over 1979–2005; (b) CMIP5 (all models listed in Table 1 except those noted wi nd (c, d, e, and f) same as Figure 12b but for the four RCPs over 2006–2050. Contour intervals of c Eyrin ...
... Figure 12. Long-term mean (thin black contour) and linear trend (color) of zonal mean DJF zonal w or (a) ERA-Interim over 1979–2005; (b) CMIP5 (all models listed in Table 1 except those noted wi nd (c, d, e, and f) same as Figure 12b but for the four RCPs over 2006–2050. Contour intervals of c Eyrin ...
1 Lecture Aims Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity (ECS) Feedbacks
... Large tropical volcanoes inject SO2 into the Stratosphere where it stays for 2-3 years. Effect is to make an aerosol that scatters light increasing the earth’s reflectivity. ...
... Large tropical volcanoes inject SO2 into the Stratosphere where it stays for 2-3 years. Effect is to make an aerosol that scatters light increasing the earth’s reflectivity. ...
The carbon cycle in a changing climate
... the Earth system. (See the article by Judith Lean, PHYSICS TODAY, June 2005, page 32.) In the past million years, Earth has cycled between cold glacial periods with low atmospheric CO2 concentrations (190 ppm) and warmer interglacial periods with higher atmospheric CO2 concentrations (280 ppm).3 The ...
... the Earth system. (See the article by Judith Lean, PHYSICS TODAY, June 2005, page 32.) In the past million years, Earth has cycled between cold glacial periods with low atmospheric CO2 concentrations (190 ppm) and warmer interglacial periods with higher atmospheric CO2 concentrations (280 ppm).3 The ...
S2013034_en.pdf
... (called Annex I countries), as well as mechanisms such as emissions trading, the Clean Development Mechanism, and Joint Implementation to help Annex I countries reduce their GHG emissions levels. Currently, there are 193 Parties (192 States and 1 regional economic integration organization) to the Ky ...
... (called Annex I countries), as well as mechanisms such as emissions trading, the Clean Development Mechanism, and Joint Implementation to help Annex I countries reduce their GHG emissions levels. Currently, there are 193 Parties (192 States and 1 regional economic integration organization) to the Ky ...
Climate Change Workshop Proceedings
... developed to allow nurses to educate their colleagues, their clients and their communities about climate change. Plenary sessions The workshop was structured around a series of plenary sessions, during which representatives from the federal government, the public health sector and non-governmental o ...
... developed to allow nurses to educate their colleagues, their clients and their communities about climate change. Plenary sessions The workshop was structured around a series of plenary sessions, during which representatives from the federal government, the public health sector and non-governmental o ...
1 Residential Solar Panels and Their Impact on the Reduction of
... (Lenton 2003). Energy demands are expected to increase by a factor of 1.5 to 3 by 2050, which will lead to a continually increasing trend in carbon dioxide emissions (Ibrahim 2000). Because rising carbon emissions have become an increasing problem, the mitigation of carbon emissions is necessary and ...
... (Lenton 2003). Energy demands are expected to increase by a factor of 1.5 to 3 by 2050, which will lead to a continually increasing trend in carbon dioxide emissions (Ibrahim 2000). Because rising carbon emissions have become an increasing problem, the mitigation of carbon emissions is necessary and ...
PDF
... assumptions, we consider that the results represent an agricultural policy scenario that does not impose major additional environmental restrictions beyond the ones currently implemented, nor does it include pollution taxes (for example for nitrogen emissions to mitigate climate change). Here we hav ...
... assumptions, we consider that the results represent an agricultural policy scenario that does not impose major additional environmental restrictions beyond the ones currently implemented, nor does it include pollution taxes (for example for nitrogen emissions to mitigate climate change). Here we hav ...
Men, Masculinities Climate Change
... existing solutions for climate change It is not the key piece to shift action on climate adaptation and resiliency. change. A major challenge of climate change is, in fact, that there are no easy single-step solutions. Working with Patriarchy is harmful to our climate. Efforts are needed men and wom ...
... existing solutions for climate change It is not the key piece to shift action on climate adaptation and resiliency. change. A major challenge of climate change is, in fact, that there are no easy single-step solutions. Working with Patriarchy is harmful to our climate. Efforts are needed men and wom ...
VER Carbon Credits.indd
... motivations being purchase for resale or investment followed by purchasing to ‘retire’ credits to offset emissions. Some companies or individuals can reduce their emissions a little or a lot, and for others it can be extremely difficult, impossible or not economically viable to reduce their emission ...
... motivations being purchase for resale or investment followed by purchasing to ‘retire’ credits to offset emissions. Some companies or individuals can reduce their emissions a little or a lot, and for others it can be extremely difficult, impossible or not economically viable to reduce their emission ...
GCOS Status and Plans
... - accuracy requirements for time series of 10+ years need to be discussed - finding key data centres for ECVs like ice sheets, albedo, etc. - financing workshops to gather communities around cross-cutting ECVs - definition new terrestrial ECVs - re-activation of the GTOS partnership/support – or fin ...
... - accuracy requirements for time series of 10+ years need to be discussed - finding key data centres for ECVs like ice sheets, albedo, etc. - financing workshops to gather communities around cross-cutting ECVs - definition new terrestrial ECVs - re-activation of the GTOS partnership/support – or fin ...
2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference
The 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference, commonly known as the Copenhagen Summit, was held at the Bella Center in Copenhagen, Denmark, between 7 and 18 December. The conference included the 15th Conference of the Parties (COP 15) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the 5th Meeting of the Parties (MOP 5) to the Kyoto Protocol. According to the Bali Road Map, a framework for climate change mitigation beyond 2012 was to be agreed there.On Friday 18 December, the final day of the conference, international media reported that the climate talks were ""in disarray"". Media also reported that in lieu of a summit collapse, only a ""weak political statement"" was anticipated at the conclusion of the conference. The Copenhagen Accord was drafted by the United States, China, India, Brazil and South Africa on 18 December, and judged a ""meaningful agreement"" by the United States government. It was ""taken note of"", but not ""adopted"", in a debate of all the participating countries the next day, and it was not passed unanimously. The document recognised that climate change is one of the greatest challenges of the present day and that actions should be taken to keep any temperature increases to below 2 °C. The document is not legally binding and does not contain any legally binding commitments for reducing CO2 emissions.In January 2014, documents leaked by Edward Snowden and published by Dagbladet Information revealed that the US government negotiators were in receipt of information during the conference that was being obtained by spying against other conference delegations. The US National Security Agency provided US delegates with advance details other delegations' positions, including the Danish plan to ""rescue"" the talks should they flounder. Members of the Danish negotiating team said that both the US and Chinese delegations were ""peculiarly well-informed"" about closed-door discussions: ""They simply sat back, just as we had feared they would if they knew about our document.""