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... able to come together and negotiate a mutually beneficial and binding agreement, everyone could be made better off. Yet, even in such relatively clear-cut instances, achieving the necessary degree of coordination can prove elusive. The main problem arises when selfish strategic considerations are br ...
... able to come together and negotiate a mutually beneficial and binding agreement, everyone could be made better off. Yet, even in such relatively clear-cut instances, achieving the necessary degree of coordination can prove elusive. The main problem arises when selfish strategic considerations are br ...
Trends - hvonstorch.de
... 4. Possible causes: - scenarios inappropriate (false) - drivers other than CO2 at work (industrial aerosols?) - natural variability much larger than signal (signal-tonoise ratio 0.2-0.5). Page 28 ...
... 4. Possible causes: - scenarios inappropriate (false) - drivers other than CO2 at work (industrial aerosols?) - natural variability much larger than signal (signal-tonoise ratio 0.2-0.5). Page 28 ...
FINAL: How to identify adaptation ... smallholder farmers in coffee and tea sector
... coffee and tea production, possible adaptation options and describes the methodology of identifying specific risk mitigating measures to be implemented examplaryly with pilot producer partners. 2. What means adaptation to climate change Climate refers to “average weather” and represents the state of ...
... coffee and tea production, possible adaptation options and describes the methodology of identifying specific risk mitigating measures to be implemented examplaryly with pilot producer partners. 2. What means adaptation to climate change Climate refers to “average weather” and represents the state of ...
Life history and spatial traits predict extinction risk due to climate
... those listed as threatened7–9 , no study so far has undertaken a quantitative analysis of the attributes that cause species to be at high risk of extinction specifically due to climate change. We developed a simulation approach based on generic life history types to show here that extinction risk du ...
... those listed as threatened7–9 , no study so far has undertaken a quantitative analysis of the attributes that cause species to be at high risk of extinction specifically due to climate change. We developed a simulation approach based on generic life history types to show here that extinction risk du ...
Comment by: Patrick J. Michaels and Paul C. Knappenberger
... incorporate the SCC, a clear distinction should be made between domestic costs/benefits and foreign cost/benefits—and numerical calculations of each provided in all cost/benefits analyses included in the proposal (to be included in the main body of the proposal). In this way, the public can readily ...
... incorporate the SCC, a clear distinction should be made between domestic costs/benefits and foreign cost/benefits—and numerical calculations of each provided in all cost/benefits analyses included in the proposal (to be included in the main body of the proposal). In this way, the public can readily ...
Extended Abstract
... The projected impact of climate change on the length of average ski season (Table 1) and snowmaking requirements at the Horseshoe Resort ski area differed substantially among the range of climate change scenarios selected for this analysis. Unlike previous climate change impact studies of the skiing ...
... The projected impact of climate change on the length of average ski season (Table 1) and snowmaking requirements at the Horseshoe Resort ski area differed substantially among the range of climate change scenarios selected for this analysis. Unlike previous climate change impact studies of the skiing ...
here - Urgenda
... Climate damage follows a similar path. This means that the damage to the climate is already considerably greater than can be observed now. This is the case because the reaction of the climate system to greenhouse gas emissions is delayed. It takes approximately 30 to 50 years before greenhouse gases ...
... Climate damage follows a similar path. This means that the damage to the climate is already considerably greater than can be observed now. This is the case because the reaction of the climate system to greenhouse gas emissions is delayed. It takes approximately 30 to 50 years before greenhouse gases ...
Domestic dynamics and international influence
... Increasing numbers of countries are passing climate change legislation. Practically all major emitters of greenhouse gases have in place laws to control emissions, conserve energy or promote cleaner forms of energy production (Townshend et al 2013b). These laws are not always motivated exclusively b ...
... Increasing numbers of countries are passing climate change legislation. Practically all major emitters of greenhouse gases have in place laws to control emissions, conserve energy or promote cleaner forms of energy production (Townshend et al 2013b). These laws are not always motivated exclusively b ...
Climate-Smart Agriculture Sourcebook MODULE 8: Climate-smart Livestock
... improving the environmental sustainability of the sector. A large volume of food is wasted even before it reaches the consumer. A recent FAO (2011) study suggests that about one-third of food produced is wasted. Reduction of waste along the animal food chain can substantially contribute to reducing ...
... improving the environmental sustainability of the sector. A large volume of food is wasted even before it reaches the consumer. A recent FAO (2011) study suggests that about one-third of food produced is wasted. Reduction of waste along the animal food chain can substantially contribute to reducing ...
IIIS Discussion Paper Rescaling climate justice: sub-national issues and
... vulnerabilities make adaptation to climate change particularly difficult. Particularly vulnerable are people in semi-arid dry land belts, sub-Saharan Africa, South Asian waterways and small island developing states (Stern 2006; Global Humanitarian Forum 2009). This is especially true for people in ...
... vulnerabilities make adaptation to climate change particularly difficult. Particularly vulnerable are people in semi-arid dry land belts, sub-Saharan Africa, South Asian waterways and small island developing states (Stern 2006; Global Humanitarian Forum 2009). This is especially true for people in ...
Entire Report - Center for Climate and Energy
... If, for example, the total GHG emissions reduction required to meet a target were on the order of 10 or 15 percent, as would be the case if total GHG emissions in the United States were held at year 2000 levels through 2010, nearly all of the cost-effective reductions would come from the non-CO2 gr ...
... If, for example, the total GHG emissions reduction required to meet a target were on the order of 10 or 15 percent, as would be the case if total GHG emissions in the United States were held at year 2000 levels through 2010, nearly all of the cost-effective reductions would come from the non-CO2 gr ...
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... of the art stochastic dynamic programming methods. Finally, Monte-Carlo methods are the most common approach to addressing uncertainty in the integrated assessment literature. Monte-Carlo methods, though, do not model decision making under uncertainty as they are implemented in this strand of litera ...
... of the art stochastic dynamic programming methods. Finally, Monte-Carlo methods are the most common approach to addressing uncertainty in the integrated assessment literature. Monte-Carlo methods, though, do not model decision making under uncertainty as they are implemented in this strand of litera ...
Carbon stock accounts - UNSD
... concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system’ (Article 2, United Nations, 1992). Article 3 states that policies and measures to deal with climate change should be ‘comprehensive, cover all relevant sources, sinks and rese ...
... concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system’ (Article 2, United Nations, 1992). Article 3 states that policies and measures to deal with climate change should be ‘comprehensive, cover all relevant sources, sinks and rese ...
Equitable access to sustainable development
... for long-term cooperative action, including a long-term global goal for emission reductions.[1] Action is needed in two core areas – adaptation and mitigation. These in turn depend on the means of implementation – finance, technology and capacitybuilding. The ultimate objective of the Convention has ...
... for long-term cooperative action, including a long-term global goal for emission reductions.[1] Action is needed in two core areas – adaptation and mitigation. These in turn depend on the means of implementation – finance, technology and capacitybuilding. The ultimate objective of the Convention has ...
The National Climate Change Response Policy
... adaptation planning and implementation processes Mitigation M&E products by end of 2013 • GHG inventory update • Emissions trend analysis • Flagship report: summary of mitigation programs already being implemented; efforts to scale up, opportunities for further scaling up; mix of policies and measur ...
... adaptation planning and implementation processes Mitigation M&E products by end of 2013 • GHG inventory update • Emissions trend analysis • Flagship report: summary of mitigation programs already being implemented; efforts to scale up, opportunities for further scaling up; mix of policies and measur ...
Public Acceptability of Climate Change Mitigation
... (80% target), the climate-energy 2014 targets (40% target), and the status quo policy (20% target); each will result in a specific emission trajectory by 2050. Our results reveal stark differences between the three countries. Czechs would be on average willing to pay around EUR 13 per household per ...
... (80% target), the climate-energy 2014 targets (40% target), and the status quo policy (20% target); each will result in a specific emission trajectory by 2050. Our results reveal stark differences between the three countries. Czechs would be on average willing to pay around EUR 13 per household per ...
Internalizing Climate Change—Scientific Resource Management and the Climate Change Challenges
... Because of the interconnectedness of the systems, CALFED also pursues efforts and restoration in the downstream San Francisco Bay and on its large upstream watershed (Figure 1). The Delta, in which populations for several key pelagic organisms are declining, is the nexus of California’s state-scale ...
... Because of the interconnectedness of the systems, CALFED also pursues efforts and restoration in the downstream San Francisco Bay and on its large upstream watershed (Figure 1). The Delta, in which populations for several key pelagic organisms are declining, is the nexus of California’s state-scale ...
The clash of theories - Analytical methods for water resource
... dependence on coal for energy production. South Africa is almost completely dependent on coal for power generation. We are the second largest exporter of coal. Coal mining is a rapidly expanding industry. Actions to reduce our dependence on coal will have a relatively much larger per capita effect t ...
... dependence on coal for energy production. South Africa is almost completely dependent on coal for power generation. We are the second largest exporter of coal. Coal mining is a rapidly expanding industry. Actions to reduce our dependence on coal will have a relatively much larger per capita effect t ...
China’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Mitigation Policies CRS Report for Congress
... stabilize GHG concentrations and avoid potentially “dangerous” global temperature rise. These concerns led to negotiation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). In the late 1980s, climate experts broadly understood that climate change driven by humanrelated GHG emissi ...
... stabilize GHG concentrations and avoid potentially “dangerous” global temperature rise. These concerns led to negotiation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). In the late 1980s, climate experts broadly understood that climate change driven by humanrelated GHG emissi ...
Fine-grain modeling of species` response to climate change
... pockets of vegetation occupying microrefugia played a pivotal role in plant responses to rapid climate change during the transition from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) [1]. Pioneering work suggests that microclimates will have a similar role under future, human-induced climate change [2,3]. Modeled ...
... pockets of vegetation occupying microrefugia played a pivotal role in plant responses to rapid climate change during the transition from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) [1]. Pioneering work suggests that microclimates will have a similar role under future, human-induced climate change [2,3]. Modeled ...
West Lothian Council Climate Change Strategy 2015-2020
... West Lothian Council along with our Community Planning Partners is committed to improving the quality of life for people in West Lothian, and making this the best possible place to live, work and do business. One of the biggest challenges we have to address in order to deliver this commitment is the ...
... West Lothian Council along with our Community Planning Partners is committed to improving the quality of life for people in West Lothian, and making this the best possible place to live, work and do business. One of the biggest challenges we have to address in order to deliver this commitment is the ...
Lecture 1.1 - The Natural Edge Project
... The early impacts of climate change have already appeared and scientists believe that further impacts are inevitable, no matter what happens to future global greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, the decisions we make today about infrastructure, health, water management, agriculture, biodiversity a ...
... The early impacts of climate change have already appeared and scientists believe that further impacts are inevitable, no matter what happens to future global greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, the decisions we make today about infrastructure, health, water management, agriculture, biodiversity a ...
2009 Climate Change - The Bush School of Government and Public
... combination of gradual changes in all areas of the world and possible abrupt changes in some areas. Only 12% responded that there will be gradual changes in some areas of the world, 6% that there will be gradual changes in all areas of the world, and 4% that there will be abrupt changes in some area ...
... combination of gradual changes in all areas of the world and possible abrupt changes in some areas. Only 12% responded that there will be gradual changes in some areas of the world, 6% that there will be gradual changes in all areas of the world, and 4% that there will be abrupt changes in some area ...
2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference
The 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference, commonly known as the Copenhagen Summit, was held at the Bella Center in Copenhagen, Denmark, between 7 and 18 December. The conference included the 15th Conference of the Parties (COP 15) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the 5th Meeting of the Parties (MOP 5) to the Kyoto Protocol. According to the Bali Road Map, a framework for climate change mitigation beyond 2012 was to be agreed there.On Friday 18 December, the final day of the conference, international media reported that the climate talks were ""in disarray"". Media also reported that in lieu of a summit collapse, only a ""weak political statement"" was anticipated at the conclusion of the conference. The Copenhagen Accord was drafted by the United States, China, India, Brazil and South Africa on 18 December, and judged a ""meaningful agreement"" by the United States government. It was ""taken note of"", but not ""adopted"", in a debate of all the participating countries the next day, and it was not passed unanimously. The document recognised that climate change is one of the greatest challenges of the present day and that actions should be taken to keep any temperature increases to below 2 °C. The document is not legally binding and does not contain any legally binding commitments for reducing CO2 emissions.In January 2014, documents leaked by Edward Snowden and published by Dagbladet Information revealed that the US government negotiators were in receipt of information during the conference that was being obtained by spying against other conference delegations. The US National Security Agency provided US delegates with advance details other delegations' positions, including the Danish plan to ""rescue"" the talks should they flounder. Members of the Danish negotiating team said that both the US and Chinese delegations were ""peculiarly well-informed"" about closed-door discussions: ""They simply sat back, just as we had feared they would if they knew about our document.""