Navigating the Future - III
... climate studies to biodiversity, marine research is intrinsically an international activity with opportunities for countries from throughout Europe to cooperate, addressing environmental problems of pan-European relevance and significance. Complementary research should be coordinated to achieve opti ...
... climate studies to biodiversity, marine research is intrinsically an international activity with opportunities for countries from throughout Europe to cooperate, addressing environmental problems of pan-European relevance and significance. Complementary research should be coordinated to achieve opti ...
HMS Challenger NHD Essay FINAL COPY
... The scientists aboard the Challenger also experienced new marine environments, where they made many unexpected discoveries. Among their findings were the manganese nodules. The crew’s trawl brought up a material that looked like a “metallic burned potato with multiple layers” at one point in the Atl ...
... The scientists aboard the Challenger also experienced new marine environments, where they made many unexpected discoveries. Among their findings were the manganese nodules. The crew’s trawl brought up a material that looked like a “metallic burned potato with multiple layers” at one point in the Atl ...
REEF CORALS : AUTOTROPHS OR HETEROTROPHS? THOMAS
... recycling systems that reduce external losses of free energy to a minimum and thus maintain the local nutrient levels at high steady state values. The existence of such internal cycles is reflected in the marked differences that may be observed between the outside ocean water and the water circulati ...
... recycling systems that reduce external losses of free energy to a minimum and thus maintain the local nutrient levels at high steady state values. The existence of such internal cycles is reflected in the marked differences that may be observed between the outside ocean water and the water circulati ...
GLOBAL OCEAN ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS GLOBEC Special
... PREFACE This report describes the current status, in July 2004, of the implementation activities of the Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics (GLOBEC) programme element of the International GeosphereBiosphere Programme (IGBP). GLOBEC is co-sponsored by the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) ...
... PREFACE This report describes the current status, in July 2004, of the implementation activities of the Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics (GLOBEC) programme element of the International GeosphereBiosphere Programme (IGBP). GLOBEC is co-sponsored by the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) ...
Full-Text PDF
... Direct negative effects of climate change will continue to be experienced by corals in the near future. However, available evidence indicates that at least some species and populations have the capacity to acclimatise and/or adapt to warmer and more acidic conditions (Table S1f). Several coral speci ...
... Direct negative effects of climate change will continue to be experienced by corals in the near future. However, available evidence indicates that at least some species and populations have the capacity to acclimatise and/or adapt to warmer and more acidic conditions (Table S1f). Several coral speci ...
Final PDF VERSION 09-10 CICS Annual Progress Report JCver3-May-14th
... The applications may be conveniently, if not fundamentally, divided into three general areas: 1. Applications involving one or two individual components of, the ESM — for example, integrations of the ocean general circulation model to better understand the large-scale circulation, and how it might r ...
... The applications may be conveniently, if not fundamentally, divided into three general areas: 1. Applications involving one or two individual components of, the ESM — for example, integrations of the ocean general circulation model to better understand the large-scale circulation, and how it might r ...
Report of the ICES GOOS Steering Group (IGSG)
... and ocean energy. Thus, there are many potential areas of cooperation with ICES and scientists active in ICES are also active in the RAs. It is important to realize that although these are U.S. funded activities, Canadian investigators and institutions are involved in NERACOOS. Other of the IOOS RA’ ...
... and ocean energy. Thus, there are many potential areas of cooperation with ICES and scientists active in ICES are also active in the RAs. It is important to realize that although these are U.S. funded activities, Canadian investigators and institutions are involved in NERACOOS. Other of the IOOS RA’ ...
Complete Set
... The pH of the ocean is predicted to drop to 7.8 by the end of this century as the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere increases. What percentage change in the concentration of Fe3+(aq) will result from this fall in pH? When pH = 7.8, pOH = 14.0 – 7.8 = 6.2 and [OH-(aq)] = 10-6.2 M. Hence: [Fe3+(a ...
... The pH of the ocean is predicted to drop to 7.8 by the end of this century as the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere increases. What percentage change in the concentration of Fe3+(aq) will result from this fall in pH? When pH = 7.8, pOH = 14.0 – 7.8 = 6.2 and [OH-(aq)] = 10-6.2 M. Hence: [Fe3+(a ...
583 RADIOCARBON IN THE WATER COLUMN OF THE
... ABSTRACT. In the framework of the Worldwide Marine Radioactivity Studies (WOMARS) project, water profile samples for radiocarbon measurements were taken during the IAEA’97 cruise at 10 stations in the southwestern North Pacific Ocean. While 14C concentrations were rapidly decreasing from the surface ...
... ABSTRACT. In the framework of the Worldwide Marine Radioactivity Studies (WOMARS) project, water profile samples for radiocarbon measurements were taken during the IAEA’97 cruise at 10 stations in the southwestern North Pacific Ocean. While 14C concentrations were rapidly decreasing from the surface ...
Key Drivers of Seasonal Plankton Dynamics in Cyclonic and
... represent distinctive environments for phytoplankton. Here, we examine the seasonal plankton dynamics associated with averaged cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies (CE and ACE, respectively) off eastern Australia. We do this through building seasonal climatologies of mixed layer depth (MLD) and surface ...
... represent distinctive environments for phytoplankton. Here, we examine the seasonal plankton dynamics associated with averaged cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies (CE and ACE, respectively) off eastern Australia. We do this through building seasonal climatologies of mixed layer depth (MLD) and surface ...
Plate-Tectonics A review
... The Theory of Continental Drift Alfred Wegener (1912) proposed:• A larger super-continent PANGEA split into smaller fragements about 200-300 million years ago. These then drifted apart to form the present arrangement of continents • He had no satisfactory mechanism to offer, but appealed to a less- ...
... The Theory of Continental Drift Alfred Wegener (1912) proposed:• A larger super-continent PANGEA split into smaller fragements about 200-300 million years ago. These then drifted apart to form the present arrangement of continents • He had no satisfactory mechanism to offer, but appealed to a less- ...
The Proterozoic Part 1 - University of South Alabama
... • The culprit was Australia seen here fleeing the scene of the accident about 500 MA after the incident ...
... • The culprit was Australia seen here fleeing the scene of the accident about 500 MA after the incident ...
Aquatic primary production in a high-CO2 world
... Figure 2. Conceptual separation of rate-limiting and yield-limiting resources. The unbroken line represents phytoplankton biomass increase under both rate and yield limitation. The dashed line indicates biomass increase under pure yield limitation due to addition of the rate-limiting resource, which ...
... Figure 2. Conceptual separation of rate-limiting and yield-limiting resources. The unbroken line represents phytoplankton biomass increase under both rate and yield limitation. The dashed line indicates biomass increase under pure yield limitation due to addition of the rate-limiting resource, which ...
Tsunami Detection and Warnings for the United States
... occurred along the face of the North American continental shelf.5 Also, they noted that strong earthquakes have occurred on the ocean floor off the coast of Puerto Rico, and that some of them generated tsunamis that caused major loss of life and property damages in both the Atlantic and Caribbean Ba ...
... occurred along the face of the North American continental shelf.5 Also, they noted that strong earthquakes have occurred on the ocean floor off the coast of Puerto Rico, and that some of them generated tsunamis that caused major loss of life and property damages in both the Atlantic and Caribbean Ba ...
Working Group on Achieving Ecosystem Management and Integrated
... functioning of ocean, coastal and island ecosystems, such as through changes in coastal flooding, storm intensity, and changing current patterns. The 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reports significant warming, sea level rise, increased storm activity, changing precipitation and wind ...
... functioning of ocean, coastal and island ecosystems, such as through changes in coastal flooding, storm intensity, and changing current patterns. The 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reports significant warming, sea level rise, increased storm activity, changing precipitation and wind ...
Ocean Rises are Products of Variable Mantle Composition
... While there is little Na8.0 variation over the Icelandic Rise, its strong depression over the Marion Rise would, following K&L, require higher degrees of melting, but at near constant melting depth, even though the crust is thin or missing over large sections12. The ocean-rise global trend consists ...
... While there is little Na8.0 variation over the Icelandic Rise, its strong depression over the Marion Rise would, following K&L, require higher degrees of melting, but at near constant melting depth, even though the crust is thin or missing over large sections12. The ocean-rise global trend consists ...
Presentation Notes
... Slide 35. Another adaptation of albatrosses is their wide 'gape' or how wide the opening to their throat is. Albatross feed almost exclusively from the ocean surface because they can only dive underwater a few feet. They eat primarily fish, fish eggs, and squid. Their wide gape allows them to eat la ...
... Slide 35. Another adaptation of albatrosses is their wide 'gape' or how wide the opening to their throat is. Albatross feed almost exclusively from the ocean surface because they can only dive underwater a few feet. They eat primarily fish, fish eggs, and squid. Their wide gape allows them to eat la ...
Use of hydrated lime to control Styela clava in the
... human activities should not cause pH to change by more than 0.2 pH units from the natural pH expected at that time, and any change should tend towards the recommended range." Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is a common substance in rocks in all parts of the world and the main constituent of both limestone ...
... human activities should not cause pH to change by more than 0.2 pH units from the natural pH expected at that time, and any change should tend towards the recommended range." Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is a common substance in rocks in all parts of the world and the main constituent of both limestone ...
Initial Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) Commitments
... index of variability in spawning and recruitment), plankton, marine mammals including birds (LMR), and (iii) coastal meteorology, coastal waves, sea-level, coastal ecology and coral reefs (C-GOOS). Embracing some of these national observations as part of GOOS makes its balanced development far more ...
... index of variability in spawning and recruitment), plankton, marine mammals including birds (LMR), and (iii) coastal meteorology, coastal waves, sea-level, coastal ecology and coral reefs (C-GOOS). Embracing some of these national observations as part of GOOS makes its balanced development far more ...
Navigating the Future - III - European Science Foundation
... climate studies to biodiversity, marine research is intrinsically an international activity with opportunities for countries from throughout Europe to cooperate, addressing environmental problems of pan-European relevance and significance. Complementary research should be coordinated to achieve opti ...
... climate studies to biodiversity, marine research is intrinsically an international activity with opportunities for countries from throughout Europe to cooperate, addressing environmental problems of pan-European relevance and significance. Complementary research should be coordinated to achieve opti ...
Cover - IMBER
... union, dedicated to the pursuit of excellence in the geosciences and the planetary and space sciences for the benefit of humanity, worldwide. It is a non-‐profit international union of scientists ...
... union, dedicated to the pursuit of excellence in the geosciences and the planetary and space sciences for the benefit of humanity, worldwide. It is a non-‐profit international union of scientists ...
Climate Change Impacts and Vulnerabilities in Canada`s Pacific
... We especially thank Robin Brown, Frank Whitney, Chris Harley, Doug Biffard, John Davis, Bill Crawford, Ian Perry, and Barry Smit for their valuable feedback during the preparation of this report. Robin Brown also enabled and helped facilitate our use of meeting space at IOS and PBS for our workshops ...
... We especially thank Robin Brown, Frank Whitney, Chris Harley, Doug Biffard, John Davis, Bill Crawford, Ian Perry, and Barry Smit for their valuable feedback during the preparation of this report. Robin Brown also enabled and helped facilitate our use of meeting space at IOS and PBS for our workshops ...
THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL INDIAN OCEAN EXPEDITION
... Indian Ocean is still rudimentary in many respects. This is largely because the Indian Ocean remains under-sampled in both space and time, especially compared to the Atlantic and Pacific. The situation is compounded by the Indian Ocean being a dynamically complex and highly variable system under mon ...
... Indian Ocean is still rudimentary in many respects. This is largely because the Indian Ocean remains under-sampled in both space and time, especially compared to the Atlantic and Pacific. The situation is compounded by the Indian Ocean being a dynamically complex and highly variable system under mon ...
MTS Journal Part 2 - Ocean Innovations
... flounder-like fish, it was proven that there is life even in the very deepest parts of the ocean. What started as a simple search for life has become over the years a search for answers to basic questions such as the number of species, their distribution ranges, and the composition of the fauna. The d ...
... flounder-like fish, it was proven that there is life even in the very deepest parts of the ocean. What started as a simple search for life has become over the years a search for answers to basic questions such as the number of species, their distribution ranges, and the composition of the fauna. The d ...
Reef Water CO2 System and Carbon Production of Coral
... as well as a fringing reef of the Ryukyus. These coastal reefs serve as an active CO2-releasing area due not only to calcification but also to degradation of landderived carbon. Keywords: coral reefs, carbon dioxide, carbon cycle, photosynthesis, calcification, metabolism, lagoon ...
... as well as a fringing reef of the Ryukyus. These coastal reefs serve as an active CO2-releasing area due not only to calcification but also to degradation of landderived carbon. Keywords: coral reefs, carbon dioxide, carbon cycle, photosynthesis, calcification, metabolism, lagoon ...
Ocean acidification
Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans, caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. An estimated 30–40% of the carbon dioxide from human activity released into the atmosphere dissolves into oceans, rivers and lakes. To achieve chemical equilibrium, some of it reacts with the water to form carbonic acid. Some of these extra carbonic acid molecules react with a water molecule to give a bicarbonate ion and a hydronium ion, thus increasing ocean acidity (H+ ion concentration). Between 1751 and 1994 surface ocean pH is estimated to have decreased from approximately 8.25 to 8.14, representing an increase of almost 30% in H+ ion concentration in the world's oceans. Since current and projected ocean pH levels are above 7.0, the oceans are technically alkaline now and will remain so; referring to this effect as ""decreasing ocean alkalinity"" would be equally correct if less politically useful. Earth System Models project that within the last decade ocean acidity exceeded historical analogs and in combination with other ocean biogeochemical changes could undermine the functioning of marine ecosystems and disrupt the provision of many goods and services associated with the ocean.Increasing acidity is thought to have a range of possibly harmful consequences, such as depressing metabolic rates and immune responses in some organisms, and causing coral bleaching. This also causes decreasing oxygen levels as it kills off algae.Other chemical reactions are triggered which result in a net decrease in the amount of carbonate ions available. This makes it more difficult for marine calcifying organisms, such as coral and some plankton, to form biogenic calcium carbonate, and such structures become vulnerable to dissolution. Ongoing acidification of the oceans threatens food chains connected with the oceans. As members of the InterAcademy Panel, 105 science academies have issued a statement on ocean acidification recommending that by 2050, global CO2 emissions be reduced by at least 50% compared to the 1990 level.Ocean acidification has been called the ""evil twin of global warming"" and ""the other CO2 problem"".Ocean acidification has occurred previously in Earth's history. The most notable example is the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), which occurred approximately 56 million years ago. For reasons that are currently uncertain, massive amounts of carbon entered the ocean and atmosphere, and led to the dissolution of carbonate sediments in all ocean basins.