![Impacts of Climate Related Geo-engineering on Biological](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/009365714_1-612916e189d4f5dac8599c24f0db0f26-300x300.png)
Impacts of Climate Related Geo-engineering on Biological
... also been proposed. This definition of geoengineering encompasses a wide spectrum of possible actions to counteract (or remedy) global warming and its associated consequences. The commonality of those actions is that they could produce global cooling, if applied at sufficient scale. Geoengineering c ...
... also been proposed. This definition of geoengineering encompasses a wide spectrum of possible actions to counteract (or remedy) global warming and its associated consequences. The commonality of those actions is that they could produce global cooling, if applied at sufficient scale. Geoengineering c ...
Self-subduction of the Pangaean global plate
... continental strike–slip faults43,44 that lie just outside the Iberian– Armorican orocline core (farther from the Palaeotethys Ocean apex, Figs 1b and 2). Most of the fault traces are curved parallel to the orocline, suggesting accommodation of vertical axis rotations by flexural slip. The less curve ...
... continental strike–slip faults43,44 that lie just outside the Iberian– Armorican orocline core (farther from the Palaeotethys Ocean apex, Figs 1b and 2). Most of the fault traces are curved parallel to the orocline, suggesting accommodation of vertical axis rotations by flexural slip. The less curve ...
Scaling properties of pH fluctuations in coastal waters of the English
... on marine water fluctuations is needed. Like dissolved oxygen, temperature, nutrients, salinity, chlorophyll a, the pH is an indicator of water quality and is important for coastal waters studies and physics-biology couplings (Millero, 1996). Furthermore, the mean marine pH value is also more and mo ...
... on marine water fluctuations is needed. Like dissolved oxygen, temperature, nutrients, salinity, chlorophyll a, the pH is an indicator of water quality and is important for coastal waters studies and physics-biology couplings (Millero, 1996). Furthermore, the mean marine pH value is also more and mo ...
The Australian Integrated Marine Observing System
... Given the extent and challenge of addressing the broad federal funds over 4 years were secured in 2009, as part range of marine issues in the Australian EEZ, IMOS is of the Education Investment Fund (EIF) Super Science considered only the beginning of the observing system Initiative to enhance the e ...
... Given the extent and challenge of addressing the broad federal funds over 4 years were secured in 2009, as part range of marine issues in the Australian EEZ, IMOS is of the Education Investment Fund (EIF) Super Science considered only the beginning of the observing system Initiative to enhance the e ...
The Effects of Plastic Pollution on Aquatic Wildlife
... Stephanis et al. 2013; Baulch and Perry 2014). However, these examples show that plastic marine debris can cause direct mortality of cetaceans or even create debilitating scenarios that make the mammals more prone to predation or disease. 2.2.3 Birds Small plastics such as bottle caps are often mist ...
... Stephanis et al. 2013; Baulch and Perry 2014). However, these examples show that plastic marine debris can cause direct mortality of cetaceans or even create debilitating scenarios that make the mammals more prone to predation or disease. 2.2.3 Birds Small plastics such as bottle caps are often mist ...
Frontline Observations on Climate Change and
... stratification could lead to a long term negative effect from lowered primary production and a subsequent decline in fisheries yields. In the Humboldt Current LME, the authors Serra, Akester, Bouchon and Gutierrez focus on climate forcing and how it is changing abundance levels of two small, but ext ...
... stratification could lead to a long term negative effect from lowered primary production and a subsequent decline in fisheries yields. In the Humboldt Current LME, the authors Serra, Akester, Bouchon and Gutierrez focus on climate forcing and how it is changing abundance levels of two small, but ext ...
Plate Tectonics: GL209 Prof. John Tarney Lecture 3: Wilson Cycle 1
... What initiates rifting? There has been considerable discussion on this over the years. Some have ascribed rifting to up-doming of the crust over a hot-spot; certainly parts of the E African rift system are very elevated, compared with other sectors, suggesting that the doming reflects an underlying ...
... What initiates rifting? There has been considerable discussion on this over the years. Some have ascribed rifting to up-doming of the crust over a hot-spot; certainly parts of the E African rift system are very elevated, compared with other sectors, suggesting that the doming reflects an underlying ...
VERTIGO (VERtical Transport In the Global Ocean): A study of
... partitioning on sinking particles with depth is also critical for understanding ocean C uptake, since photosynthesis and the production of POC decreases surface ocean pCO2, while production of calcium carbonate (calcite and aragonite), which are the main forms of PIC, would ultimately increase pCO2 ...
... partitioning on sinking particles with depth is also critical for understanding ocean C uptake, since photosynthesis and the production of POC decreases surface ocean pCO2, while production of calcium carbonate (calcite and aragonite), which are the main forms of PIC, would ultimately increase pCO2 ...
Climate and the Tropical Oceans - LDEO Climate Group
... mean meridional overturning in the ocean in response to increasing CO 2 concentrations. This change in ocean circulation cools the tropical climate and consitutes a negative feedback to greenhouse warming at least on the timescale over which the thermocline temperature adjusts. However, the modeling ...
... mean meridional overturning in the ocean in response to increasing CO 2 concentrations. This change in ocean circulation cools the tropical climate and consitutes a negative feedback to greenhouse warming at least on the timescale over which the thermocline temperature adjusts. However, the modeling ...
Biological Oceanography Committee - North Pacific Marine Science
... Section on Climate Change Effects on Marine Ecosystems (S-CCME) S-CCME Co-Chair, Dr. Ito, presented the report of this joint PICES/ICES Section. He reviewed the activities carried out in 2015, which included participation of S-CCME members at: i) The 3rd Symposium on “Effects of climate change on th ...
... Section on Climate Change Effects on Marine Ecosystems (S-CCME) S-CCME Co-Chair, Dr. Ito, presented the report of this joint PICES/ICES Section. He reviewed the activities carried out in 2015, which included participation of S-CCME members at: i) The 3rd Symposium on “Effects of climate change on th ...
BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF IRON IN SEAWATER
... massive upwelling at the center of the WSG. In addition, the dissolved Fe concentrations at 100–150 m depth suddenly increased from 0.2 nM to 0.7–0.9 nM, consisting with the rapid increase in Fe(III) solubility and nutrient concentrations within this narrow depth range and then high constant values ...
... massive upwelling at the center of the WSG. In addition, the dissolved Fe concentrations at 100–150 m depth suddenly increased from 0.2 nM to 0.7–0.9 nM, consisting with the rapid increase in Fe(III) solubility and nutrient concentrations within this narrow depth range and then high constant values ...
Printer-friendly Version
... occurs in the water column between 47 and 400 m below the sea-surface between stations C3 to C12 (Garfield et al., 1979; Codispoti and Packard, 1980; Table 2; Fig.5). Accordingly, the calculation of respiratory CO2 production in these waters from the ETS activity measurements has to be done differen ...
... occurs in the water column between 47 and 400 m below the sea-surface between stations C3 to C12 (Garfield et al., 1979; Codispoti and Packard, 1980; Table 2; Fig.5). Accordingly, the calculation of respiratory CO2 production in these waters from the ETS activity measurements has to be done differen ...
Homework Solutions Week 6
... When silver sulfate starts to precipitate, 97% of the calcium has precipitated. And when calcium from 97 to 99% precipitated, silver ion goes from 0 to 41% precipitated. 9-17 a) Why do many rivers in Box 9-1. lie on the line [HCO3-] = 2[Ca2+]? According to Box 9-1, the source of calcium in the river ...
... When silver sulfate starts to precipitate, 97% of the calcium has precipitated. And when calcium from 97 to 99% precipitated, silver ion goes from 0 to 41% precipitated. 9-17 a) Why do many rivers in Box 9-1. lie on the line [HCO3-] = 2[Ca2+]? According to Box 9-1, the source of calcium in the river ...
Modeling of the Total Alkalinity and the Total Inorganic Carbon
... used to provide for the first time linear relationships estimating the total alkalinity (AT) and the total dissolved inorganic carbon (CT) from salinity in each Mediterranean basin and sub-basin at different depth layers. These correlations show that a substantial quantity of alkalinity is added to ...
... used to provide for the first time linear relationships estimating the total alkalinity (AT) and the total dissolved inorganic carbon (CT) from salinity in each Mediterranean basin and sub-basin at different depth layers. These correlations show that a substantial quantity of alkalinity is added to ...
Ocean dynamics determine the response of oceanic CO2 uptake to
... belt in the Southern Hemisphere, which are expected in a warmer climate (Bengtsson et al. 2006; Kushner et al. 2001; Yin 2005), are suspected to maintain a robust Southern Ocean Overturning, allowing the ...
... belt in the Southern Hemisphere, which are expected in a warmer climate (Bengtsson et al. 2006; Kushner et al. 2001; Yin 2005), are suspected to maintain a robust Southern Ocean Overturning, allowing the ...
Winter et al 1997b
... components from the Late Cenozoic Arctic Ocean: Implications for sediment provenance and the source of trace metals in seawater BRYCE L. WINTER, CLARK M. JOHNSON, and DAVID L. CLARK University of Wisconsin, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA (Received August 15, 1996 ...
... components from the Late Cenozoic Arctic Ocean: Implications for sediment provenance and the source of trace metals in seawater BRYCE L. WINTER, CLARK M. JOHNSON, and DAVID L. CLARK University of Wisconsin, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA (Received August 15, 1996 ...
Terrigenous Sediments - Lamont
... Franzese et al. (submitted)). Although less widely used to date, the U–Th–Pb, Lu–Hf, and K–Ar systems have also been shown to provide powerful provenance constraints. The Sm–Nd isotope system provides an average age of crust formation of the sediment’s sources (Goldstein et al., 1984). As reviewed b ...
... Franzese et al. (submitted)). Although less widely used to date, the U–Th–Pb, Lu–Hf, and K–Ar systems have also been shown to provide powerful provenance constraints. The Sm–Nd isotope system provides an average age of crust formation of the sediment’s sources (Goldstein et al., 1984). As reviewed b ...
Nitrogen-Fixing and Nitrifying Symbioses in the
... misidentified, and proposed that most of the Rhizosolenia species were just varieties of R. ...
... misidentified, and proposed that most of the Rhizosolenia species were just varieties of R. ...
CAGE Annual Report 2014 - Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate
... ground depth. But the ocean is another matter. Bottom water temperature is usually above zero. Theoretically, therefore, we could never have permafrost under the sea,” says Portnov “However, 20 000 years ago we had a last glacial maximum during which the sea level dropped to minus 120 meters. That m ...
... ground depth. But the ocean is another matter. Bottom water temperature is usually above zero. Theoretically, therefore, we could never have permafrost under the sea,” says Portnov “However, 20 000 years ago we had a last glacial maximum during which the sea level dropped to minus 120 meters. That m ...
Microplastics in the ocean
... Plastics are discarded and enter the ocean as a result of many different land- and sea-based activities, but there are no reliable estimates of the quantities involved, at a regional or global scale. Microplastics are distributed throughout the ocean, occurring on shorelines, in surface waters and s ...
... Plastics are discarded and enter the ocean as a result of many different land- and sea-based activities, but there are no reliable estimates of the quantities involved, at a regional or global scale. Microplastics are distributed throughout the ocean, occurring on shorelines, in surface waters and s ...
It is believed that the hearth stones were originally used to line
... in the uranium decay series (Jakobsson et al., 2003; Sugisaki et al., 2010; Sugisaki et al., 2012) or to ...
... in the uranium decay series (Jakobsson et al., 2003; Sugisaki et al., 2010; Sugisaki et al., 2012) or to ...
- Wiley Online Library
... mechanism links light limitation with a lower cellular C:N ratio as phytoplankton growing under low light irradiance may accumulate less carbon storage polymers [Chalup and Laws, 1990; Cronin and Lodge, 2003]. The third mechanism is based on a negative relationship between cellular C:N ratio and gro ...
... mechanism links light limitation with a lower cellular C:N ratio as phytoplankton growing under low light irradiance may accumulate less carbon storage polymers [Chalup and Laws, 1990; Cronin and Lodge, 2003]. The third mechanism is based on a negative relationship between cellular C:N ratio and gro ...
Powerpoint slides
... - 1-2 million tons of tsunami debris are still floating at the ocean surface - density of debris is very low – two objects can hardly be seen at the same time - only 1-5% percent of this amount will affect the coast line in the next 2-3 years, majority of the debris will drift to the Garbage Patch, ...
... - 1-2 million tons of tsunami debris are still floating at the ocean surface - density of debris is very low – two objects can hardly be seen at the same time - only 1-5% percent of this amount will affect the coast line in the next 2-3 years, majority of the debris will drift to the Garbage Patch, ...
Isotopic Tracers of the Marine Nitrogen Cycle: Present and Past
... has been sharply revised downward to 4-fold [5]. Given the very low Fe concentrations found in the well-oxygenated open ocean of today and wellconserved structure of its active site across phylogenetic groupings, it has been suggested that nitrogenase evolved early in the Earth’s history before oxyg ...
... has been sharply revised downward to 4-fold [5]. Given the very low Fe concentrations found in the well-oxygenated open ocean of today and wellconserved structure of its active site across phylogenetic groupings, it has been suggested that nitrogenase evolved early in the Earth’s history before oxyg ...
Ocean acidification
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/WOA05_GLODAP_del_pH_AYool.png?width=300)
Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans, caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. An estimated 30–40% of the carbon dioxide from human activity released into the atmosphere dissolves into oceans, rivers and lakes. To achieve chemical equilibrium, some of it reacts with the water to form carbonic acid. Some of these extra carbonic acid molecules react with a water molecule to give a bicarbonate ion and a hydronium ion, thus increasing ocean acidity (H+ ion concentration). Between 1751 and 1994 surface ocean pH is estimated to have decreased from approximately 8.25 to 8.14, representing an increase of almost 30% in H+ ion concentration in the world's oceans. Since current and projected ocean pH levels are above 7.0, the oceans are technically alkaline now and will remain so; referring to this effect as ""decreasing ocean alkalinity"" would be equally correct if less politically useful. Earth System Models project that within the last decade ocean acidity exceeded historical analogs and in combination with other ocean biogeochemical changes could undermine the functioning of marine ecosystems and disrupt the provision of many goods and services associated with the ocean.Increasing acidity is thought to have a range of possibly harmful consequences, such as depressing metabolic rates and immune responses in some organisms, and causing coral bleaching. This also causes decreasing oxygen levels as it kills off algae.Other chemical reactions are triggered which result in a net decrease in the amount of carbonate ions available. This makes it more difficult for marine calcifying organisms, such as coral and some plankton, to form biogenic calcium carbonate, and such structures become vulnerable to dissolution. Ongoing acidification of the oceans threatens food chains connected with the oceans. As members of the InterAcademy Panel, 105 science academies have issued a statement on ocean acidification recommending that by 2050, global CO2 emissions be reduced by at least 50% compared to the 1990 level.Ocean acidification has been called the ""evil twin of global warming"" and ""the other CO2 problem"".Ocean acidification has occurred previously in Earth's history. The most notable example is the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), which occurred approximately 56 million years ago. For reasons that are currently uncertain, massive amounts of carbon entered the ocean and atmosphere, and led to the dissolution of carbonate sediments in all ocean basins.