article
... in the 1960s, produced the first computerbased models for estimating future climate change. By the 1970s, scientists had come to understand that the cooling effect of particulate matter, which is a by-product of dirty, fossil fuel combustion techniques, had been substantially offsetting the warming ...
... in the 1960s, produced the first computerbased models for estimating future climate change. By the 1970s, scientists had come to understand that the cooling effect of particulate matter, which is a by-product of dirty, fossil fuel combustion techniques, had been substantially offsetting the warming ...
Engaging Science and Managing Scientific Uncertainty in Urban
... issues. This resulted in a focused set of measures that could be readily achieved, such as planting trees where they could reduce heat island effect and amendments to the air ordinance to protect air quality as temperatures increased. The emphasis placed on using assessments based on climate science ...
... issues. This resulted in a focused set of measures that could be readily achieved, such as planting trees where they could reduce heat island effect and amendments to the air ordinance to protect air quality as temperatures increased. The emphasis placed on using assessments based on climate science ...
Aalborg Universitet Heiselberg, Per Kvols
... by the period 2071-2100, compared to the baseline of 1961-1990 [3]. For Sweden, climate change projections suggest mean annual temperature increase of 1.81 to 5.93 °C by 2100, compared to 1961-1990 levels [4]. Buildings contribute substantially to climate change [1], and climate change may have sig ...
... by the period 2071-2100, compared to the baseline of 1961-1990 [3]. For Sweden, climate change projections suggest mean annual temperature increase of 1.81 to 5.93 °C by 2100, compared to 1961-1990 levels [4]. Buildings contribute substantially to climate change [1], and climate change may have sig ...
Global/Regional/Local-Scale Climate Change - A Reality Check
... Change: Change: Expanding Expanding the the Concept Concept and and Addressing Addressing Uncertainties, Uncertainties, Committee Committee on on Radiative Radiative Forcing Forcing Effects Effects on on Climate, Climate, Climate Climate Research Research Committee, Committee, 224 ...
... Change: Change: Expanding Expanding the the Concept Concept and and Addressing Addressing Uncertainties, Uncertainties, Committee Committee on on Radiative Radiative Forcing Forcing Effects Effects on on Climate, Climate, Climate Climate Research Research Committee, Committee, 224 ...
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... The Stern Review of the Economics of Climate Change (Stern et al., 2006) argues that “the overall costs and risks of climate change will be equivalent to losing at least 5% of global GDP each year. This has been challenged by many economists with large working experience in climate change (Tol, 2007 ...
... The Stern Review of the Economics of Climate Change (Stern et al., 2006) argues that “the overall costs and risks of climate change will be equivalent to losing at least 5% of global GDP each year. This has been challenged by many economists with large working experience in climate change (Tol, 2007 ...
global warming - Libertarian Alliance
... There are further problems with the Jones and Wigley (and Hansen) temperature records. The most accurate measures of global temperatures are those due to satellites. They measure the temperature of the lower atmosphere to an accuracy of plus or minus 0.01 degrees centigrade. Their measurements are b ...
... There are further problems with the Jones and Wigley (and Hansen) temperature records. The most accurate measures of global temperatures are those due to satellites. They measure the temperature of the lower atmosphere to an accuracy of plus or minus 0.01 degrees centigrade. Their measurements are b ...
Scientific aspects - Wageningen UR E
... in which a large ensemble of regional climate model integrations has been developed, We will use this data, complemented with a large number of additional runs done at SMHI, to provide probabilistic data on climate change in WP2and setting boundaries for the nonhydrostatic modelling in WP1. The nonh ...
... in which a large ensemble of regional climate model integrations has been developed, We will use this data, complemented with a large number of additional runs done at SMHI, to provide probabilistic data on climate change in WP2and setting boundaries for the nonhydrostatic modelling in WP1. The nonh ...
Some thoughts on a strategy for adaptation to
... decisions: certainly beyond mid-century, the differences in outcomes between the various SRES scenarios and the effects of the degree of pursued mitigation will start to influence the outcome for many climate change variables, and the corresponding economic, physical, and ecological impacts. For ada ...
... decisions: certainly beyond mid-century, the differences in outcomes between the various SRES scenarios and the effects of the degree of pursued mitigation will start to influence the outcome for many climate change variables, and the corresponding economic, physical, and ecological impacts. For ada ...
73 - ITU
... Resolution 1353 (Geneva, 2012) of the Council, which recognizes that telecommunications and ICTs are essential components for developed and developing countries1 in achieving sustainable development, and instructs the Secretary-General, in collaboration with the Directors of the Bureaux, to identify ...
... Resolution 1353 (Geneva, 2012) of the Council, which recognizes that telecommunications and ICTs are essential components for developed and developing countries1 in achieving sustainable development, and instructs the Secretary-General, in collaboration with the Directors of the Bureaux, to identify ...
Computational data sciences may offer a path
... nighttime minima, which relates to human discomfort and possible loss of lives: Meehl and Tebaldi 2004) or through statistical distributions (e.g., extreme value theory for precipitation extremes: Kharin et al. 2007). Thus, our analysis (Ganguly et al. 2009b) of model-simulations and surrogate obser ...
... nighttime minima, which relates to human discomfort and possible loss of lives: Meehl and Tebaldi 2004) or through statistical distributions (e.g., extreme value theory for precipitation extremes: Kharin et al. 2007). Thus, our analysis (Ganguly et al. 2009b) of model-simulations and surrogate obser ...
On the Impact of Weather and Climate on
... our approach lies in the use of (long term) climate measures along with short term (weather) measures, at the same time controlling for unobserved heterogeneity using a four-wave survey data from Ethiopia. As we argued earlier, the essence of controlling for both climate and weather factors is to e ...
... our approach lies in the use of (long term) climate measures along with short term (weather) measures, at the same time controlling for unobserved heterogeneity using a four-wave survey data from Ethiopia. As we argued earlier, the essence of controlling for both climate and weather factors is to e ...
Chapter 5. Brief history of climate: causes and mechanisms
... Since the beginning of Earth’s history, climate has varied on all timescales. Over millions of years, it has swung between very warm conditions, with annual mean temperatures above 10°C in polar regions and glacial climates in which the ice sheets covered the majority of the mid-latitude continents. ...
... Since the beginning of Earth’s history, climate has varied on all timescales. Over millions of years, it has swung between very warm conditions, with annual mean temperatures above 10°C in polar regions and glacial climates in which the ice sheets covered the majority of the mid-latitude continents. ...
NSW and ACT Regional Climate Model: Project scope
... GCMs. Unlike dynamical models, statistical models adjust an existing time series rather than creating a new one. One problem with this method is that it does not allow for any changes in the existing relationship between weather variables or climate drivers. This is an assumption that, given our und ...
... GCMs. Unlike dynamical models, statistical models adjust an existing time series rather than creating a new one. One problem with this method is that it does not allow for any changes in the existing relationship between weather variables or climate drivers. This is an assumption that, given our und ...
Bluie West
... The audience will be led to believe the science is fiction, or that it is model projections of the future. Even though the science is happening now, virtually nobody knows. The more believable nature of these things happening in the future will give the story credibility. Actual events, times and pl ...
... The audience will be led to believe the science is fiction, or that it is model projections of the future. Even though the science is happening now, virtually nobody knows. The more believable nature of these things happening in the future will give the story credibility. Actual events, times and pl ...
Projected Climate Change and the Appalachian Trail
... recommend against backpacking that section of the A.T. until there was significant rainfall. The combined temperature and precipitation changes projected for the southern half of the A.T. in the more extreme case would probably create almost permanent drought conditions and could make backpacking th ...
... recommend against backpacking that section of the A.T. until there was significant rainfall. The combined temperature and precipitation changes projected for the southern half of the A.T. in the more extreme case would probably create almost permanent drought conditions and could make backpacking th ...
Life history and spatial traits predict extinction risk due to climate
... superseding in light of the threat that climate change brings. However, although previous studies have identified ecological and life history attributes that characterize declining species or those listed as threatened7–9 , no study so far has undertaken a quantitative analysis of the attributes tha ...
... superseding in light of the threat that climate change brings. However, although previous studies have identified ecological and life history attributes that characterize declining species or those listed as threatened7–9 , no study so far has undertaken a quantitative analysis of the attributes tha ...
Climate Change, the Oceans, and the Business of Seafood: A View
... Given the relationship between warm late summer temperatures, poor pollock feeding conditions, and reduced overwinter survival (see Box 1), scientists are keen to understand how dynamics may change and impact pollock stocks given the expected increasing trend in ocean temperatures. One study examine ...
... Given the relationship between warm late summer temperatures, poor pollock feeding conditions, and reduced overwinter survival (see Box 1), scientists are keen to understand how dynamics may change and impact pollock stocks given the expected increasing trend in ocean temperatures. One study examine ...
Regional Climate Messages for West Africa
... of the tropical Atlantic Ocean. Temperatures are relatively high throughout the year and the majority of the region’s rainfall occurs in the summer months (April to September), whilst some coastal regions receive two peaks in rainfall. Temperature and rainfall vary on annual, decadal and multi-decad ...
... of the tropical Atlantic Ocean. Temperatures are relatively high throughout the year and the majority of the region’s rainfall occurs in the summer months (April to September), whilst some coastal regions receive two peaks in rainfall. Temperature and rainfall vary on annual, decadal and multi-decad ...
Peak energy and climate change: the double bind
... industrial society has depleted an indispensable resource such as fossil fuel or overstrained the absorptive capacity of the atmosphere as the ultimate indispensable sink, then the ensuing collapse will only become more abysmal due to a higher population level and a shrinking planetary carrying capa ...
... industrial society has depleted an indispensable resource such as fossil fuel or overstrained the absorptive capacity of the atmosphere as the ultimate indispensable sink, then the ensuing collapse will only become more abysmal due to a higher population level and a shrinking planetary carrying capa ...
Ruti et al. BAMS - Med
... budget (2003 heat wave and relative Mediterranean warming is a good example), while long term ocean water mass formation and variability can influence the atmospheric water input (the relevance of this process has been highlighted for surrounding areas such as Sahel, see Fontaine et al., 2010). Here ...
... budget (2003 heat wave and relative Mediterranean warming is a good example), while long term ocean water mass formation and variability can influence the atmospheric water input (the relevance of this process has been highlighted for surrounding areas such as Sahel, see Fontaine et al., 2010). Here ...
PDF
... temperature, wind patterns, and precipitation. The Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007) NIR defines climate change as a change in the state of the climate that can be identified by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties and persists for an extended period typ ...
... temperature, wind patterns, and precipitation. The Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007) NIR defines climate change as a change in the state of the climate that can be identified by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties and persists for an extended period typ ...
On summing the components of radiative forcing of climate change
... and the log-normal PDFs, respectively, and dier from the best estimate. The log-normal PDF is probably the best representation of the mean and range of those RFs quoted by Ramaswamy et al. (2001) `as uncertain by a factor of y'. It also constrains the sign of the forcing, which is not the case when ...
... and the log-normal PDFs, respectively, and dier from the best estimate. The log-normal PDF is probably the best representation of the mean and range of those RFs quoted by Ramaswamy et al. (2001) `as uncertain by a factor of y'. It also constrains the sign of the forcing, which is not the case when ...
Vol.11, No.2, 2011
... simulated wind oscillation has the observed downward propagation, roughly the right amplitude, and a mean period only somewhat shorter than observed (24 months vs the observed 27 – 28 months). The simulated oscillation, however, is more regular than that observed, the period of almost every cycle lo ...
... simulated wind oscillation has the observed downward propagation, roughly the right amplitude, and a mean period only somewhat shorter than observed (24 months vs the observed 27 – 28 months). The simulated oscillation, however, is more regular than that observed, the period of almost every cycle lo ...
Fulltext: english,
... This species is a common, sedentary, hole-nesting and socially monogamous passerine bird in research area. Research took place in Mokrice area in north-western Croatia. Average temperatures in spring (mean March–April) have significantly increased during the monitored period of time. In population i ...
... This species is a common, sedentary, hole-nesting and socially monogamous passerine bird in research area. Research took place in Mokrice area in north-western Croatia. Average temperatures in spring (mean March–April) have significantly increased during the monitored period of time. In population i ...
Summary of FFESC climate change adaptation research projects
... The Canadian Council of Forest Ministers (CCFM) declared in 2008 that SFM planning and monitoring in Canada must account for climate change. Forty-six indicators were evaluated. 12 were considered independent of climate change, 23 were climate sensitive but no change was recommended, for 11 changes ...
... The Canadian Council of Forest Ministers (CCFM) declared in 2008 that SFM planning and monitoring in Canada must account for climate change. Forty-six indicators were evaluated. 12 were considered independent of climate change, 23 were climate sensitive but no change was recommended, for 11 changes ...
Michael E. Mann
Michael E. Mann (born 1965) is an American climatologist and geophysicist, currently director of the Earth System Science Center at Pennsylvania State University, who has contributed to the scientific understanding of historic climate change based on the temperature record of the past thousand years. He has pioneered techniques to find patterns in past climate change, and to isolate climate signals from ""noisy data"".As lead author of a paper produced in 1998 with co-authors Raymond S. Bradley and Malcolm K. Hughes, Mann introduced innovative statistical techniques to find regional variations in a hemispherical climate reconstruction covering the past 600 years. In 1999 the same team used these techniques to produce a reconstruction over the past 1,000 years (MBH99) which was dubbed the ""hockey stick graph"" because of its shape. He was one of 8 lead authors of the ""Observed Climate Variability and Change"" chapter of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Third Scientific Assessment Report published in 2001. A graph based on the MBH99 paper was highlighted in several parts of the report, and was given wide publicity. The IPCC acknowledged that his work, along with that of the many other lead authors and review editors, contributed to the award of the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize, which was won jointly by the IPCC and Al Gore.He was organizing committee chair for the National Academy of Sciences Frontiers of Science in 2003 and has received a number of honors and awards including selection by Scientific American as one of the fifty leading visionaries in science and technology in 2002. In 2012 he was inducted as a Fellow of the American Geophysical Union and was awarded the Hans Oeschger Medal of the European Geosciences Union. In 2013 he was elected a Fellow of the American Meteorological Society, and awarded the status of distinguished professor in Penn State's College of Earth and Mineral Sciences.Mann is author of more than 160 peer-reviewed and edited publications, and has published two books: Dire Predictions: Understanding Global Warming in 2008 and The Hockey Stick and the Climate Wars: Dispatches from the Front Lines, published in early 2012. In 2013 the European Geosciences Union described his publication record as ""outstanding for a scientist of his relatively young age"". He is also a co-founder and contributor to the climatology blog RealClimate.