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Coral Bleaching 101 - NSTA Learning Center
... What will stress a coral and cause bleaching? -High light or UV levels -Cold temperatures -Low salinity from coastal runoff or heavy rain -Exposure to air during very low tides ...
... What will stress a coral and cause bleaching? -High light or UV levels -Cold temperatures -Low salinity from coastal runoff or heavy rain -Exposure to air during very low tides ...
Climate change challenges Tuvalu
... which is two to four times higher than that of the past 100 years (IPCC 2001, pp. 3 and 847). The impacts of such a development will be tremendous and are already partially perceptible; these include the loss of coastal lands, flooding and soil salinization in addition to harm to crops, ground water ...
... which is two to four times higher than that of the past 100 years (IPCC 2001, pp. 3 and 847). The impacts of such a development will be tremendous and are already partially perceptible; these include the loss of coastal lands, flooding and soil salinization in addition to harm to crops, ground water ...
NOAA: The Heat is ON! Climate Change and Coral Reef Ecosystems
... What will stress a coral and cause bleaching? -High light or UV levels -Cold temperatures -Low salinity from coastal runoff or heavy rain -Exposure to air during very low tides ...
... What will stress a coral and cause bleaching? -High light or UV levels -Cold temperatures -Low salinity from coastal runoff or heavy rain -Exposure to air during very low tides ...
Safeguarding the Arctic - Center for American Progress
... The executive order creates an Arctic Executive Steering Committee, chaired by White House Office of Science and Technology Policy Director John Holdren and vice chaired by National Security Advisor Susan Rice or their designees. The steering committee will improve coordination of federal Arctic po ...
... The executive order creates an Arctic Executive Steering Committee, chaired by White House Office of Science and Technology Policy Director John Holdren and vice chaired by National Security Advisor Susan Rice or their designees. The steering committee will improve coordination of federal Arctic po ...
Full Report - Focus on Energy
... latitudinal range shifts are on the order of 1.7 km yr . Hence, the possibility exists that some dispersal-limited species will not be able to migrate quickly enough to stay within their climatic zones without assistance. Moreover, because species are differentially sensitive to particular aspects o ...
... latitudinal range shifts are on the order of 1.7 km yr . Hence, the possibility exists that some dispersal-limited species will not be able to migrate quickly enough to stay within their climatic zones without assistance. Moreover, because species are differentially sensitive to particular aspects o ...
The cost of inaction: Recognising the value at risk
... reduced, but fortunately, mitigation can greatly reduce these risks. Lower greenhouse gas emissions decrease the probability of temperature increases and thus the expected harms. Provided that warming from climate change can be kept under 2°C, the average projected losses can be cut in half, while t ...
... reduced, but fortunately, mitigation can greatly reduce these risks. Lower greenhouse gas emissions decrease the probability of temperature increases and thus the expected harms. Provided that warming from climate change can be kept under 2°C, the average projected losses can be cut in half, while t ...
Ice Age DA - GDI - 2011
... It is time to put aside the global warming dogma, at least to begin contingency planning about what to do if we are moving into another little ice age, similar to the one that lasted from 1100 to 1850. There is no doubt that the next little ice age would be much worse than the previous one and much ...
... It is time to put aside the global warming dogma, at least to begin contingency planning about what to do if we are moving into another little ice age, similar to the one that lasted from 1100 to 1850. There is no doubt that the next little ice age would be much worse than the previous one and much ...
WHAT IS WRONG WITH STERN? Peter Lilley MP The Global Warming Policy Foundation
... require not just stopping all further carbon emissions but removing all those accumulated since the industrial revolution. The action he proposes to reduce the worst impacts of global warming by stabilising the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases at 550 ppm would, using Stern’s methodology ...
... require not just stopping all further carbon emissions but removing all those accumulated since the industrial revolution. The action he proposes to reduce the worst impacts of global warming by stabilising the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases at 550 ppm would, using Stern’s methodology ...
NAPAs and NAPs in Least Developed Countries
... based on the COP’s initial guidelines, and Parties had also decided to review the guidelines in November 2013 at COP 19 in Warsaw, Poland.5 The Global Environment Facility (GEF) was requested at COP 18 to enable support for LDCs to start the NAP process. While progress on this matter is to be review ...
... based on the COP’s initial guidelines, and Parties had also decided to review the guidelines in November 2013 at COP 19 in Warsaw, Poland.5 The Global Environment Facility (GEF) was requested at COP 18 to enable support for LDCs to start the NAP process. While progress on this matter is to be review ...
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... makers with the appropriate tools to take action. It was developed in consultation with many stakeholders and with guidance and advice from “Adaptation Scotland”. Adapting to Climate Change in the Highlands uses the latest UK Climate Projections, information on past climate trends and weather events ...
... makers with the appropriate tools to take action. It was developed in consultation with many stakeholders and with guidance and advice from “Adaptation Scotland”. Adapting to Climate Change in the Highlands uses the latest UK Climate Projections, information on past climate trends and weather events ...
FINAL DRAFT IPCC WGII AR5 Chapter 24 Subject to Final Copyedit
... (western Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, where frequent droughts could negatively affect cotton production, increase water demand for irrigation, and exacerbate desertification). In the Indo-Gangetic Plains of South Asia there could be a decrease of about 50% in the most favorable and high yielding whe ...
... (western Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, where frequent droughts could negatively affect cotton production, increase water demand for irrigation, and exacerbate desertification). In the Indo-Gangetic Plains of South Asia there could be a decrease of about 50% in the most favorable and high yielding whe ...
Cusk (Brosme brosme) and climate change: assessing the threat to
... (Figure 3). Near-bottom temperature observations were obtained from hydrographic temperature data recorded within 10 m of the bottom, as verified by 2-minute gridded global relief seafloor terrain data (ETOPO2v2, 2006). Bottom temperatures were averaged by two-month periods and 0.258 bins. Smaller b ...
... (Figure 3). Near-bottom temperature observations were obtained from hydrographic temperature data recorded within 10 m of the bottom, as verified by 2-minute gridded global relief seafloor terrain data (ETOPO2v2, 2006). Bottom temperatures were averaged by two-month periods and 0.258 bins. Smaller b ...
“Duck Factory” of North America - American Meteorological Society
... Research Unit (CRU) of the University of East Anglia (Harris et al. 2014), selfcalibrating PDSI is based on the CRU time-series (TS) 3.10.01 datasets from van der Schrier et al. (2013), and sea surface temperature anomalies are from Kaplan et al. (1998). Future precipitation, temperature, and precip ...
... Research Unit (CRU) of the University of East Anglia (Harris et al. 2014), selfcalibrating PDSI is based on the CRU time-series (TS) 3.10.01 datasets from van der Schrier et al. (2013), and sea surface temperature anomalies are from Kaplan et al. (1998). Future precipitation, temperature, and precip ...
Workshop Report - Ontario Centre for Climate Impacts and
... atmosphere and are tracking in line with the ‘worst case’ scenarios developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). This combined with continued emissions commits the planet to further global climate change. Globally, temperatures have increased 0.74°C over the last 100 years. The ...
... atmosphere and are tracking in line with the ‘worst case’ scenarios developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). This combined with continued emissions commits the planet to further global climate change. Globally, temperatures have increased 0.74°C over the last 100 years. The ...
NPS Central AK report - Scenarios Network for Alaska + Arctic
... General findings included the need to revisit management policies; increase invasive/introduced species management; introduce cooperative planning with tribes, as well as with other stakeholders; adjust harvest regulations and seasons; increase development of alternative energy sources in response ...
... General findings included the need to revisit management policies; increase invasive/introduced species management; introduce cooperative planning with tribes, as well as with other stakeholders; adjust harvest regulations and seasons; increase development of alternative energy sources in response ...
HCFC Phase out
... benefits in terms of ozone and climate if the phase-out is accompanied by serious improvements in areas such as energy efficiency and the adoption of alternate technologies. This also needs to include an honest evaluation of the merits and demerits of both fluorinated and natural refrigerants. The w ...
... benefits in terms of ozone and climate if the phase-out is accompanied by serious improvements in areas such as energy efficiency and the adoption of alternate technologies. This also needs to include an honest evaluation of the merits and demerits of both fluorinated and natural refrigerants. The w ...
U. S. Senate Minority Report:
... The over 700 dissenting scientists are more than 13 times the number of UN scientists (52) who authored the media-hyped IPCC 2007 Summary for Policymakers. The chorus of skeptical scientific voices grow louder in 2008 and 2009 as a steady stream of peer-reviewed studies, analyses, real world data an ...
... The over 700 dissenting scientists are more than 13 times the number of UN scientists (52) who authored the media-hyped IPCC 2007 Summary for Policymakers. The chorus of skeptical scientific voices grow louder in 2008 and 2009 as a steady stream of peer-reviewed studies, analyses, real world data an ...
CMIP5 Projections of Arctic Amplification, of the North American
... (RCP8.5)]. These projections show that a very robust Arctic amplification will occur over the twenty-first century. The key question here is whether these same projections also show the circulation changes suggested by the FL12 mechanism. Recall that climate models have already been extensively used ...
... (RCP8.5)]. These projections show that a very robust Arctic amplification will occur over the twenty-first century. The key question here is whether these same projections also show the circulation changes suggested by the FL12 mechanism. Recall that climate models have already been extensively used ...
UNDERSTANDING EL NIÑO IN OCEAN–ATMOSPHERE GENERAL
... coupled ocean–atmosphere system. In the second, ENSO is a damped mode externally sustained by atmospheric random “noise” forcing. There are arguments to support both perspectives, and there are studies that suggest that the system may alternate between multidecadal epochs of more damped MARCH 2009 ...
... coupled ocean–atmosphere system. In the second, ENSO is a damped mode externally sustained by atmospheric random “noise” forcing. There are arguments to support both perspectives, and there are studies that suggest that the system may alternate between multidecadal epochs of more damped MARCH 2009 ...
Effects of climate change and seed dispersal on airborne ragweed
... could further invade European land with climate and land-use changes2,3 . However, airborne pollen evolution depends not only on plant invasion, but also on pollen production, release and atmospheric dispersion changes. To predict the effect of climate and land-use changes on airborne pollen concent ...
... could further invade European land with climate and land-use changes2,3 . However, airborne pollen evolution depends not only on plant invasion, but also on pollen production, release and atmospheric dispersion changes. To predict the effect of climate and land-use changes on airborne pollen concent ...
FACING UNCERTAINTY: the value of climate information for
... rainfall data and transmit the resultant information to community radio stations as well as national radio for wider dissemination. In an area that gets just one rainfall season a year – averaging only 330mm – and which communities depend on to sustain their livelihoods, a local record and timelines ...
... rainfall data and transmit the resultant information to community radio stations as well as national radio for wider dissemination. In an area that gets just one rainfall season a year – averaging only 330mm – and which communities depend on to sustain their livelihoods, a local record and timelines ...
Land Cover Land Use Change and Soil Organic Carbon Under
... Figure 6 Histograms of the year 2000 SOC coefficient of variation (Figure 5) for each land cover land use class defined by the hard classification (Figure 1)............................ 78 Figure 7 Mean GEMS modeled soil organic carbon (SOC) computed for the entire study area under the no climate ch ...
... Figure 6 Histograms of the year 2000 SOC coefficient of variation (Figure 5) for each land cover land use class defined by the hard classification (Figure 1)............................ 78 Figure 7 Mean GEMS modeled soil organic carbon (SOC) computed for the entire study area under the no climate ch ...
MCCA Regulations and Syllabus -Masters
... adaptation. It explores the fundamental changes caused by anthropogenic and natural activities that influence the alteration of the living earth’s environment. As a result of the anthropogenic climate change drivers, the global mean surface temperature is projected to increase between 1.5°C and 5.8° ...
... adaptation. It explores the fundamental changes caused by anthropogenic and natural activities that influence the alteration of the living earth’s environment. As a result of the anthropogenic climate change drivers, the global mean surface temperature is projected to increase between 1.5°C and 5.8° ...
Studying Climate Change: Proxy Indicators
... • Once President G.W. Bush came to power • Climate change is politically divisive: • It challenges entrenched and powerful interests ...
... • Once President G.W. Bush came to power • Climate change is politically divisive: • It challenges entrenched and powerful interests ...
Climate change implications for New Zealand
... While the types of climate change impacts and the most exposed locations are generally known6, the magnitude, frequency and timing of the impacts cannot be, although we generally know the direction of the change. For example, we know that sea level will continue to rise for centuries and that heavy ...
... While the types of climate change impacts and the most exposed locations are generally known6, the magnitude, frequency and timing of the impacts cannot be, although we generally know the direction of the change. For example, we know that sea level will continue to rise for centuries and that heavy ...
Fred Singer
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/S_Fred_Singer_2011.jpg?width=300)
Siegfried Fred Singer (born September 27, 1924) is an Austrian-born American physicist and emeritus professor of environmental science at the University of Virginia. Singer trained as an atmospheric physicist and is known for his work in space research, atmospheric pollution, rocket and satellite technology, his questioning of the link between UV-B and melanoma rates, and that between CFCs and stratospheric ozone loss, his public denial of the health risks of passive smoking, and as an advocate for climate change denial. He is the author or editor of several books including Global Effects of Environmental Pollution (1970), The Ocean in Human Affairs (1989), Global Climate Change (1989), The Greenhouse Debate Continued (1992), and Hot Talk, Cold Science (1997). He has also co-authored Unstoppable Global Warming: Every 1,500 Years (2007) with Dennis Avery, and Climate Change Reconsidered (2009) with Craig Idso.Singer has had a varied career, serving in the armed forces, government, and academia. He designed mines for the U.S. Navy during World War II, before obtaining his Ph.D. in physics from Princeton University in 1948 and working as a scientific liaison officer in the U.S. Embassy in London. He became a leading figure in early space research, was involved in the development of earth observation satellites, and in 1962 established the National Weather Bureau's Satellite Service Center. He was the founding dean of the University of Miami School of Environmental and Planetary Sciences in 1964, and held several government positions, including deputy assistant administrator for the Environmental Protection Agency, and chief scientist for the Department of Transportation. He held a professorship with the University of Virginia from 1971 until 1994, and with George Mason University until 2000.In 1990 Singer founded the Science & Environmental Policy Project to advocate for climate change denial, and in 2006 was named by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation as one of a minority of scientists said to be creating a stand-off on a consensus on climate change. Singer argues there is no evidence that global warming is attributable to human-caused increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide, and that humanity would benefit if temperatures do rise.He is an opponent of the Kyoto Protocol, and has claimed climate models as not based on reality, and not evidence. Singer has been accused of rejecting peer-reviewed and independently confirmed scientific evidence in his claims concerning public health and environmental issues.