P:\10 Publications\Books\Why Scientists Disagree\Second Edition\(6
... ended some 15 years ago, the work of the NIPCC is particularly important. — Ian Clark, professor, Department of Earth Sciences University of Ottawa, Canada Library shelves are cluttered with books on global warming. The problem is identifying which ones are worth reading. The NIPCC’s CCR-II report i ...
... ended some 15 years ago, the work of the NIPCC is particularly important. — Ian Clark, professor, Department of Earth Sciences University of Ottawa, Canada Library shelves are cluttered with books on global warming. The problem is identifying which ones are worth reading. The NIPCC’s CCR-II report i ...
Explaining Ocean Warming - Observatoire Océanologique de
... since the beginning of the industrial age, representing an increase of ocean acidity by around 30% in 250 years (Gattuso et al., 2014). This ocean warming (i.e. thermal expansion) and melting of continental ice sheets has caused sea-level rise. It has been measured that global mean sea level has ris ...
... since the beginning of the industrial age, representing an increase of ocean acidity by around 30% in 250 years (Gattuso et al., 2014). This ocean warming (i.e. thermal expansion) and melting of continental ice sheets has caused sea-level rise. It has been measured that global mean sea level has ris ...
The Holocene
... must have also changed, with an increase in the ratio of cool to warm season precipitation. This is consistent with early-Holocene lake-level low stands in New England, which have been attributed to reduced summer precipitation and relatively high winter precipitation (Shuman and Donnelly, 2006). Th ...
... must have also changed, with an increase in the ratio of cool to warm season precipitation. This is consistent with early-Holocene lake-level low stands in New England, which have been attributed to reduced summer precipitation and relatively high winter precipitation (Shuman and Donnelly, 2006). Th ...
The Role of Transportation in Driving Climate Disruption
... such extreme persistence is unique to CO2 among major warming gases. Black carbon and greenhouse gases, such Scientific evidence strongly suggests that as methane, can also affect the climate, but these changes manmade increases in greenhouse gases are short-lived and expected to have little effect ...
... such extreme persistence is unique to CO2 among major warming gases. Black carbon and greenhouse gases, such Scientific evidence strongly suggests that as methane, can also affect the climate, but these changes manmade increases in greenhouse gases are short-lived and expected to have little effect ...
PDF
... revealed large differences in the willingness to pay to tackle climate change. The persistence of such differences, nearly 20 years after the adoption of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (in Rio de Janeiro in 1992) casts doubts on the relevance of the main advice stemming fr ...
... revealed large differences in the willingness to pay to tackle climate change. The persistence of such differences, nearly 20 years after the adoption of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (in Rio de Janeiro in 1992) casts doubts on the relevance of the main advice stemming fr ...
Dynamics of climate and ecosystem coupling: abrupt changes and
... atmosphere, thereby warming Greenland and western Europe by roughly 5–8 °C and increasing precipitation throughout the region (Broecker 1997; Stocker & Marchal 2000). Temperature and salinity patterns in the Atlantic create the density differences that drive THC. As the warm surface waters move to h ...
... atmosphere, thereby warming Greenland and western Europe by roughly 5–8 °C and increasing precipitation throughout the region (Broecker 1997; Stocker & Marchal 2000). Temperature and salinity patterns in the Atlantic create the density differences that drive THC. As the warm surface waters move to h ...
Greenhouse Effect
... The Cenozoic era, comprising the past 65.5 million years, marks the Cretaceous extinction of dinosaurs and the auspicious rise of mammals. During this era, the level of atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide peaked near 3000 parts per million roughly 50 million years ago (Royer, 2006). This coi ...
... The Cenozoic era, comprising the past 65.5 million years, marks the Cretaceous extinction of dinosaurs and the auspicious rise of mammals. During this era, the level of atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide peaked near 3000 parts per million roughly 50 million years ago (Royer, 2006). This coi ...
PDF - Climate Diplomacy
... draws key lessons for decision-makers. Intended as a short guide for non-expert readers, it helps navigate ongoing debates and make sense of seemingly contradictory statements in current research. Moreover, readers are made aware of major methodological issues and provided with approaches to better ...
... draws key lessons for decision-makers. Intended as a short guide for non-expert readers, it helps navigate ongoing debates and make sense of seemingly contradictory statements in current research. Moreover, readers are made aware of major methodological issues and provided with approaches to better ...
Climate Change Impacts in Indonesia
... temperature and precipitation include (Cruz et al., 2007) • Prolonged droughts, increased flooding, and more frequent and severe storms may lead to major agricultural losses and a substantial drop in food productivity • Increased frequency and severity of El Niño events and fires will impact food pr ...
... temperature and precipitation include (Cruz et al., 2007) • Prolonged droughts, increased flooding, and more frequent and severe storms may lead to major agricultural losses and a substantial drop in food productivity • Increased frequency and severity of El Niño events and fires will impact food pr ...
ELPIS-JP: a dataset of local-scale daily climate change scenarios for
... can provide high-resolution and physically consistent climate data derived from a coarse resolution GCM output. RCMs are powerful tools to examine underlying physical reasons for projected change in regional climate and are expected to achieve better representation of extreme events and effects of t ...
... can provide high-resolution and physically consistent climate data derived from a coarse resolution GCM output. RCMs are powerful tools to examine underlying physical reasons for projected change in regional climate and are expected to achieve better representation of extreme events and effects of t ...
Impact of Climate Change on Irrigation Demand and Crop Growth in a Mediterranean Environment of Turkey
... 2.2 Climate change scenarios The climate change data were obtained from the outputs of the three GCMs: the second version of the Canadian Global Coupled Model—CGCM2—[32], the model developed from the atmospheric model of European Center for medium range weather forecasting, and parameterized at HAMb ...
... 2.2 Climate change scenarios The climate change data were obtained from the outputs of the three GCMs: the second version of the Canadian Global Coupled Model—CGCM2—[32], the model developed from the atmospheric model of European Center for medium range weather forecasting, and parameterized at HAMb ...
"The Ethics of Geoengineering" [Working Draft]
... which as far as we can tell involves a risk structure (and by and large a moral structure) that is analogous to that associated with the aforementioned technologies. Much of the skepticism surrounding technologies designed to intervene in living systems stems from a misguided view of the causal str ...
... which as far as we can tell involves a risk structure (and by and large a moral structure) that is analogous to that associated with the aforementioned technologies. Much of the skepticism surrounding technologies designed to intervene in living systems stems from a misguided view of the causal str ...
PDF
... Moxnes and Van der Heijden (2003) is an early example for the standard result of leadership in public good experiments, which is described here since it was framed as a game on climate change. Since then, a number of authors have shed more light on why and how this result arises. Some of these resul ...
... Moxnes and Van der Heijden (2003) is an early example for the standard result of leadership in public good experiments, which is described here since it was framed as a game on climate change. Since then, a number of authors have shed more light on why and how this result arises. Some of these resul ...
Setting a long-term climate objective
... Members of the International Taskforce on Climate Change agreed at their meeting in Windsor UK in March 2004 that the Taskforce should make a recommendation on a global, long-term objective to guide action on climate change. The case for doing so is persuasive. Each of the countries that have ratifi ...
... Members of the International Taskforce on Climate Change agreed at their meeting in Windsor UK in March 2004 that the Taskforce should make a recommendation on a global, long-term objective to guide action on climate change. The case for doing so is persuasive. Each of the countries that have ratifi ...
Climate sensitivity of shrub growth across the tundra biome
... pronounced at sites that had experienced summer warming and in wetter versus drier sites1 . In addition, landscape-level studies of shrub change in northern Alaska showed greater increases in wet floodplains relative to well-drained hill slopes3,10 . Our study, using a new circumarctic dendroecologi ...
... pronounced at sites that had experienced summer warming and in wetter versus drier sites1 . In addition, landscape-level studies of shrub change in northern Alaska showed greater increases in wet floodplains relative to well-drained hill slopes3,10 . Our study, using a new circumarctic dendroecologi ...
Lab Handout
... 1895 to the present (Menne et al. 2010). These data are particularly useful for climate change studies as the weather stations have remained in the same location for the entirety of the collection period and are situated away from urban areas. This eliminates false temperature trends due to altitudi ...
... 1895 to the present (Menne et al. 2010). These data are particularly useful for climate change studies as the weather stations have remained in the same location for the entirety of the collection period and are situated away from urban areas. This eliminates false temperature trends due to altitudi ...
Full Text - Life Science Journal
... mainly by causing some C, from CO2 in the atmosphere, to be locked up ("sequestered") in soil or vegetation. Soils that have been in arable cropping for a long period usually have a low content of organic C, so they offer scope for additional sequestration. With soils already high in C, such as thos ...
... mainly by causing some C, from CO2 in the atmosphere, to be locked up ("sequestered") in soil or vegetation. Soils that have been in arable cropping for a long period usually have a low content of organic C, so they offer scope for additional sequestration. With soils already high in C, such as thos ...
responding to changes in nature
... The Environment Agency’s core business involves understanding and addressing changing pressures as we work to protect the natural environment of England and Wales and contribute to sustainable development. Scientific evidence clearly indicates that the climate itself is changing and will continue to ...
... The Environment Agency’s core business involves understanding and addressing changing pressures as we work to protect the natural environment of England and Wales and contribute to sustainable development. Scientific evidence clearly indicates that the climate itself is changing and will continue to ...
Introduction - Department of Meteorology and Climate Science
... rising from a hot road, creating shimmers on hot sunny days. The earth-atmosphere energy balance is achieved as the energy received from the Sun balances the energy lost by the Earth back into space. So, the Earth maintains a stable average temperature and therefore a stable climate. ...
... rising from a hot road, creating shimmers on hot sunny days. The earth-atmosphere energy balance is achieved as the energy received from the Sun balances the energy lost by the Earth back into space. So, the Earth maintains a stable average temperature and therefore a stable climate. ...
China, the United States and the European Union: Multiple
... statement reflected many months of work by the EPA and others to establish the elements of the US pledge. But as the president flew to Beijing, Podesta and Stern were still working out the final details.17 The joint announcement of November 2014 emerged for several reasons. While the White House rai ...
... statement reflected many months of work by the EPA and others to establish the elements of the US pledge. But as the president flew to Beijing, Podesta and Stern were still working out the final details.17 The joint announcement of November 2014 emerged for several reasons. While the White House rai ...
Climate Change and Health
... threat and a major opportunity for planetary health and health equity. This document is the first in a series of three Position Statements by the Royal Australasian College of Physicians (RACP) on climate change and health. It addresses the health impacts of climate change relevant to the RACP’s wor ...
... threat and a major opportunity for planetary health and health equity. This document is the first in a series of three Position Statements by the Royal Australasian College of Physicians (RACP) on climate change and health. It addresses the health impacts of climate change relevant to the RACP’s wor ...
Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on
... force (refer to paragraph 4.8), each Annex I Party's carbon dioxide emissions and its percentage of the total carbon dioxide emissions of all Annex I Parties in 1990 are assessed. Each Annex I Party's greenhouse gases emissions, in carbon dioxide equivalent amount, is used to calculate the assigned ...
... force (refer to paragraph 4.8), each Annex I Party's carbon dioxide emissions and its percentage of the total carbon dioxide emissions of all Annex I Parties in 1990 are assessed. Each Annex I Party's greenhouse gases emissions, in carbon dioxide equivalent amount, is used to calculate the assigned ...
SJ Org. 1 Ann Global Warming in the Arctic x
... climate in the rest of the world.” (National Snow & Ice Data Center). In the Arctic, as temperatures start to increase glaciers in the Arctic begin to melt and as more glaciers melt, areas dark open water are discovered and this is a problem because those areas of dark open water can absorb heat f ...
... climate in the rest of the world.” (National Snow & Ice Data Center). In the Arctic, as temperatures start to increase glaciers in the Arctic begin to melt and as more glaciers melt, areas dark open water are discovered and this is a problem because those areas of dark open water can absorb heat f ...
Climate Change Science - Stephen Schneider
... are any substantive differences between the IPCC [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] Reports and the IPCC summaries.” In addition, based on discussions with the Administration, the following specific questions were incorporated into the statement of task for the study: • What is the range of ...
... are any substantive differences between the IPCC [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] Reports and the IPCC summaries.” In addition, based on discussions with the Administration, the following specific questions were incorporated into the statement of task for the study: • What is the range of ...
The Household Production Function Approach to Valuing Climate
... Household production function theory explains why households inhabiting areas characterised by different quantities of nonmarket environmental goods might experience differences in wellbeing. The theory also explains why households inhabiting areas characterised by differing quantities of nonmarket ...
... Household production function theory explains why households inhabiting areas characterised by different quantities of nonmarket environmental goods might experience differences in wellbeing. The theory also explains why households inhabiting areas characterised by differing quantities of nonmarket ...
Fred Singer
Siegfried Fred Singer (born September 27, 1924) is an Austrian-born American physicist and emeritus professor of environmental science at the University of Virginia. Singer trained as an atmospheric physicist and is known for his work in space research, atmospheric pollution, rocket and satellite technology, his questioning of the link between UV-B and melanoma rates, and that between CFCs and stratospheric ozone loss, his public denial of the health risks of passive smoking, and as an advocate for climate change denial. He is the author or editor of several books including Global Effects of Environmental Pollution (1970), The Ocean in Human Affairs (1989), Global Climate Change (1989), The Greenhouse Debate Continued (1992), and Hot Talk, Cold Science (1997). He has also co-authored Unstoppable Global Warming: Every 1,500 Years (2007) with Dennis Avery, and Climate Change Reconsidered (2009) with Craig Idso.Singer has had a varied career, serving in the armed forces, government, and academia. He designed mines for the U.S. Navy during World War II, before obtaining his Ph.D. in physics from Princeton University in 1948 and working as a scientific liaison officer in the U.S. Embassy in London. He became a leading figure in early space research, was involved in the development of earth observation satellites, and in 1962 established the National Weather Bureau's Satellite Service Center. He was the founding dean of the University of Miami School of Environmental and Planetary Sciences in 1964, and held several government positions, including deputy assistant administrator for the Environmental Protection Agency, and chief scientist for the Department of Transportation. He held a professorship with the University of Virginia from 1971 until 1994, and with George Mason University until 2000.In 1990 Singer founded the Science & Environmental Policy Project to advocate for climate change denial, and in 2006 was named by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation as one of a minority of scientists said to be creating a stand-off on a consensus on climate change. Singer argues there is no evidence that global warming is attributable to human-caused increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide, and that humanity would benefit if temperatures do rise.He is an opponent of the Kyoto Protocol, and has claimed climate models as not based on reality, and not evidence. Singer has been accused of rejecting peer-reviewed and independently confirmed scientific evidence in his claims concerning public health and environmental issues.