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A Summary of the Assessment Process of the Intergovernmental
... This section covers the procedures used for preparing assessment reports which are the main products of the IPCC. These procedures have been determined by governments and are carefully documented3. From our personal experience we can say that these procedures are scrupulously adhered to. While the w ...
... This section covers the procedures used for preparing assessment reports which are the main products of the IPCC. These procedures have been determined by governments and are carefully documented3. From our personal experience we can say that these procedures are scrupulously adhered to. While the w ...
Sensitivity of Crop Water Need to 2071–95
... Climatic variability and trends have already been documented for the Caribbean, and such studies generally support predictions of a warmer, drier Caribbean climate in the future (Nurse and Sem 2001). Peterson et al. (Peterson et al. 2002), for example, report a statistically significant warming tren ...
... Climatic variability and trends have already been documented for the Caribbean, and such studies generally support predictions of a warmer, drier Caribbean climate in the future (Nurse and Sem 2001). Peterson et al. (Peterson et al. 2002), for example, report a statistically significant warming tren ...
Kevin Bliss, ( 657 KB) - Governors` Biofuels Coalition
... Given the jurisdiction, experience, and expertise of states in the regulation of oil and natural gas production and natural gas storage in the United States, states are the ideal regulator of CO2 geological storage. For half a century states have been the principal regulators of EOR in the United St ...
... Given the jurisdiction, experience, and expertise of states in the regulation of oil and natural gas production and natural gas storage in the United States, states are the ideal regulator of CO2 geological storage. For half a century states have been the principal regulators of EOR in the United St ...
PDF
... Aggregate prices and quantities for two outputs (livestock and crops) and three inputs (capital, labor and fertilizer) are compiled from three data sources. Data for the period 1948-2011 is from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA, 2014). It contains aggregate price and quantity for three outpu ...
... Aggregate prices and quantities for two outputs (livestock and crops) and three inputs (capital, labor and fertilizer) are compiled from three data sources. Data for the period 1948-2011 is from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA, 2014). It contains aggregate price and quantity for three outpu ...
Curriculum Vitae - Department of Atmospheric Sciences
... Bach, W. and A.K. Jain, 1993: Climate and Ecosystem Protection Requires Binding Emission Targets: The Specific Task After Rio(II), Prospective in Energy, 2/3, 173-214. Jain, A.K. and W. Bach, 1994: The effectiveness of measures to reduce the man-made greenhouse effect: the application of a climate-p ...
... Bach, W. and A.K. Jain, 1993: Climate and Ecosystem Protection Requires Binding Emission Targets: The Specific Task After Rio(II), Prospective in Energy, 2/3, 173-214. Jain, A.K. and W. Bach, 1994: The effectiveness of measures to reduce the man-made greenhouse effect: the application of a climate-p ...
1 Changes in Hurricane Climatology in Recent Decades Anais Orsi
... hurricanes affecting the United States and the damage caused by them, which as led to much speculation in both the print and broadcast media that there has been an increase in hurricane occurrence due to global warming. However, it is debatable whether such a trend exists. For example, Figure 3 is a ...
... hurricanes affecting the United States and the damage caused by them, which as led to much speculation in both the print and broadcast media that there has been an increase in hurricane occurrence due to global warming. However, it is debatable whether such a trend exists. For example, Figure 3 is a ...
Climate Change`s Impact on the Caribbean`s Ability to Sustain
... these risks 33–50 percent by 2030.31 One study found that if no action is taken, increased hurricane damages, loss of tourism revenue, and infrastructure damages could total US$22 billion a year by 2050 and US$46 billion by 2100.32 While there remains debate about the exact amount of losses in regi ...
... these risks 33–50 percent by 2030.31 One study found that if no action is taken, increased hurricane damages, loss of tourism revenue, and infrastructure damages could total US$22 billion a year by 2050 and US$46 billion by 2100.32 While there remains debate about the exact amount of losses in regi ...
Coutts et al 2007
... • As part of the upgrading of our urban modelling capabilities for regional climate simulations, we have coded a urban module based on an idealised 2D canyon following Town Energy Budget (TEB) approach • Note that the new urban model is designed around research requirements, not operational requirem ...
... • As part of the upgrading of our urban modelling capabilities for regional climate simulations, we have coded a urban module based on an idealised 2D canyon following Town Energy Budget (TEB) approach • Note that the new urban model is designed around research requirements, not operational requirem ...
PDF
... Both market-driven and policy-driven adaptation are needed, as pointed out by Bosello, Carraro and de Cian (2009), and it is a fair expectation that both will occur. Individuals will react to climate change impacts as they do to any other changes in their physical, social and economic environment. A ...
... Both market-driven and policy-driven adaptation are needed, as pointed out by Bosello, Carraro and de Cian (2009), and it is a fair expectation that both will occur. Individuals will react to climate change impacts as they do to any other changes in their physical, social and economic environment. A ...
Fairness on the Day after Tomorrow: Justice, Reciprocity and Global
... for a ‘substitute’ where the recipient of the debt specifies this as being preferable or where a lack of direct contact renders impossible an equivalent exchange of benefits (or costs). We might call this ‘indirect reciprocity’. Perhaps the most interesting, and diffused, form of indirect reciprocit ...
... for a ‘substitute’ where the recipient of the debt specifies this as being preferable or where a lack of direct contact renders impossible an equivalent exchange of benefits (or costs). We might call this ‘indirect reciprocity’. Perhaps the most interesting, and diffused, form of indirect reciprocit ...
PDF
... In order to eradicate poverty by 2020, the GoL has implemented the National Growth and Poverty Eradication Strategy (NGPES), the overall development and poverty alleviation framework (GoL, 2004). Individuals are defined as poor based on real household consumption (Richter et al, 2005). Analysis of t ...
... In order to eradicate poverty by 2020, the GoL has implemented the National Growth and Poverty Eradication Strategy (NGPES), the overall development and poverty alleviation framework (GoL, 2004). Individuals are defined as poor based on real household consumption (Richter et al, 2005). Analysis of t ...
Chapter 9. Establishing Common Ground: Finding Better Ways to
... greenhouse gases giving the planet a fever. So did President Johnson, five decades ago. A few months after this special message to Congress, his Science Advisory Committee included, in a report on pollution problems [2], a chapter that discussed how warming and sea level rise could be triggered by ...
... greenhouse gases giving the planet a fever. So did President Johnson, five decades ago. A few months after this special message to Congress, his Science Advisory Committee included, in a report on pollution problems [2], a chapter that discussed how warming and sea level rise could be triggered by ...
Climate-biosphere interactions on glacial
... may lower the planetary albedo. A more intriguing consequence is that decreased dust loading will decrease the flux of dust, and iron, to the open ocean, thereby lowering the fertility of the sea. [8] Figure 1 illustrates feedbacks among the different processes that influence glacial-interglacial cl ...
... may lower the planetary albedo. A more intriguing consequence is that decreased dust loading will decrease the flux of dust, and iron, to the open ocean, thereby lowering the fertility of the sea. [8] Figure 1 illustrates feedbacks among the different processes that influence glacial-interglacial cl ...
UNDP`s role in promoting democratic governance
... Welcome to the simulation of UNDP at DAVMUN 2012. We hope that by now your research is well on its way and you have gained a fair idea about the agenda at hand. Kindly go through this study guide and make note of the pointer questions and research links provided as they shall be of utmost importance ...
... Welcome to the simulation of UNDP at DAVMUN 2012. We hope that by now your research is well on its way and you have gained a fair idea about the agenda at hand. Kindly go through this study guide and make note of the pointer questions and research links provided as they shall be of utmost importance ...
Print - Climate Change Knowledge Portal
... The climate science community sources a suite of models to inform decision makers on future climate. GCMs (Global Climate Models), RCMs (Regional Climate Models), downscaling techniques (both empirical and statistical), and several comprehensive reviews are available on the subject. GCMs are our pri ...
... The climate science community sources a suite of models to inform decision makers on future climate. GCMs (Global Climate Models), RCMs (Regional Climate Models), downscaling techniques (both empirical and statistical), and several comprehensive reviews are available on the subject. GCMs are our pri ...
Science Communication - Hubert H. Humphrey Fellowship Program
... the total duration of the play. It then included 15 questions about their responses to the play and their understanding of climate change. Four questions were closed-ended, while 11 were open-ended. The design of these questions was informed by existing literature on climate change communication. Th ...
... the total duration of the play. It then included 15 questions about their responses to the play and their understanding of climate change. Four questions were closed-ended, while 11 were open-ended. The design of these questions was informed by existing literature on climate change communication. Th ...
... and nutrients) and momentum. For these reasons, the use of environmental temperature indices obtainable by satellite or global observatories [such as sea surface temperature (SST) and air temperature (Ta)] as proxies for body temperature (Tb) require explicit validation, even as relative indicators ...
Chapter 3: Climate Projections for the Future
... The CO2-equivalent emission of a greenhouse gas is the amount of CO2 the emissions from which would cause the same warming effect, over a given timeframe, as the emissions of a given amount of this greenhouse gas. (SYR 2.1) The CO2-equivalent emission is calculated by multiplying the amount of this ...
... The CO2-equivalent emission of a greenhouse gas is the amount of CO2 the emissions from which would cause the same warming effect, over a given timeframe, as the emissions of a given amount of this greenhouse gas. (SYR 2.1) The CO2-equivalent emission is calculated by multiplying the amount of this ...
Chapter 3
... gases since 1850. This compares favorably with a modeled prediction of 2.55 W/m2. • They concluded: "This experimental data should effectively end the argument by skeptics that no experimental evidence exists for the connection between greenhouse gas increases in the atmosphere and global warming." ...
... gases since 1850. This compares favorably with a modeled prediction of 2.55 W/m2. • They concluded: "This experimental data should effectively end the argument by skeptics that no experimental evidence exists for the connection between greenhouse gas increases in the atmosphere and global warming." ...
climate change adaptation in nigeria
... One major issue is the response of nations to the signing and compliance with the Kyoto Agreement to reduce carbon emission rates. Another political partitioning in global reaction to the issues of climate change is in terms of academic research and findings. While some frontline climate scientists ...
... One major issue is the response of nations to the signing and compliance with the Kyoto Agreement to reduce carbon emission rates. Another political partitioning in global reaction to the issues of climate change is in terms of academic research and findings. While some frontline climate scientists ...
Changing Pollen Types/Concentrations
... (chlorofluorocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, halons, and sulfur hexafluoride) also contribute to warming, although most of these are declining because of restrictions imposed by the Montreal Protocol to protect upper atmospheric ozone. Models of carbon dioxide use project increases in ...
... (chlorofluorocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, halons, and sulfur hexafluoride) also contribute to warming, although most of these are declining because of restrictions imposed by the Montreal Protocol to protect upper atmospheric ozone. Models of carbon dioxide use project increases in ...
The physical concept of climate forcing
... focuses on explaining to an interdisciplinary audience the physical interpretation of the concept, including its limitations. It also examines new developments, such as polluter-based emission scenarios, energy budget approaches, and climate impacts other than temperature change. 2010 John Wiley & ...
... focuses on explaining to an interdisciplinary audience the physical interpretation of the concept, including its limitations. It also examines new developments, such as polluter-based emission scenarios, energy budget approaches, and climate impacts other than temperature change. 2010 John Wiley & ...
Misdefining ``climate change``: consequences for science and action
... International Institute for Sustainable Development reported on ‘‘the core problem of addressing adaptation in the context of the UNFCCC.’’ The report continues, Adaptation is an integral part of development, and as such, no project directed at adaptation will fall squarely within the scope of the U ...
... International Institute for Sustainable Development reported on ‘‘the core problem of addressing adaptation in the context of the UNFCCC.’’ The report continues, Adaptation is an integral part of development, and as such, no project directed at adaptation will fall squarely within the scope of the U ...
Smoke, Mirrors & Hot Air How ExxonMobil Uses Big Tobacco’s Tactics
... to government, Tobacco’s size and power gave it enormous leverage. In reviewing the tobacco industry’s disinformation campaign, the first thing to note is that the tobacco companies quickly realized they did not need to prove their products were safe. Rather, as internal documents have long since ...
... to government, Tobacco’s size and power gave it enormous leverage. In reviewing the tobacco industry’s disinformation campaign, the first thing to note is that the tobacco companies quickly realized they did not need to prove their products were safe. Rather, as internal documents have long since ...
Recommendations on Early Actions on Climate Change for the 44th
... The following analysis provides concrete recommendations and a detailed timeline for early action addressing each of these seven benchmarks. These early efforts will be instrumental in building a foundation for successful climate change policy over an entire Presidential term. This report is unique ...
... The following analysis provides concrete recommendations and a detailed timeline for early action addressing each of these seven benchmarks. These early efforts will be instrumental in building a foundation for successful climate change policy over an entire Presidential term. This report is unique ...
Fred Singer
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/S_Fred_Singer_2011.jpg?width=300)
Siegfried Fred Singer (born September 27, 1924) is an Austrian-born American physicist and emeritus professor of environmental science at the University of Virginia. Singer trained as an atmospheric physicist and is known for his work in space research, atmospheric pollution, rocket and satellite technology, his questioning of the link between UV-B and melanoma rates, and that between CFCs and stratospheric ozone loss, his public denial of the health risks of passive smoking, and as an advocate for climate change denial. He is the author or editor of several books including Global Effects of Environmental Pollution (1970), The Ocean in Human Affairs (1989), Global Climate Change (1989), The Greenhouse Debate Continued (1992), and Hot Talk, Cold Science (1997). He has also co-authored Unstoppable Global Warming: Every 1,500 Years (2007) with Dennis Avery, and Climate Change Reconsidered (2009) with Craig Idso.Singer has had a varied career, serving in the armed forces, government, and academia. He designed mines for the U.S. Navy during World War II, before obtaining his Ph.D. in physics from Princeton University in 1948 and working as a scientific liaison officer in the U.S. Embassy in London. He became a leading figure in early space research, was involved in the development of earth observation satellites, and in 1962 established the National Weather Bureau's Satellite Service Center. He was the founding dean of the University of Miami School of Environmental and Planetary Sciences in 1964, and held several government positions, including deputy assistant administrator for the Environmental Protection Agency, and chief scientist for the Department of Transportation. He held a professorship with the University of Virginia from 1971 until 1994, and with George Mason University until 2000.In 1990 Singer founded the Science & Environmental Policy Project to advocate for climate change denial, and in 2006 was named by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation as one of a minority of scientists said to be creating a stand-off on a consensus on climate change. Singer argues there is no evidence that global warming is attributable to human-caused increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide, and that humanity would benefit if temperatures do rise.He is an opponent of the Kyoto Protocol, and has claimed climate models as not based on reality, and not evidence. Singer has been accused of rejecting peer-reviewed and independently confirmed scientific evidence in his claims concerning public health and environmental issues.