A Galaxy Full of Black Holes Script
... If Sun and the rest of the stars in our Galaxy were not orbiting, we’d all eventually get pulled in to central black hole and the closer we got, the faster we’d be pulled. (Place a marble at the edge of the bucket with a weight in the middle and release it – it falls in) But we ARE orbiting. (Push m ...
... If Sun and the rest of the stars in our Galaxy were not orbiting, we’d all eventually get pulled in to central black hole and the closer we got, the faster we’d be pulled. (Place a marble at the edge of the bucket with a weight in the middle and release it – it falls in) But we ARE orbiting. (Push m ...
Basic Concepts of Thermodynamics Thermal Sciences
... – where R is the gas constant for the specified gas of interest (R = Ru/M̃ ) Ru = Universal gas constant, ≡ 8.314 kJ/(kmol · K) M̃ = molecular wieght (or molar mass) of the gas (see Table A-1)) • When is the ideal gas assumption viable? – for a low density gas where: ∗ the gas particles take up neg ...
... – where R is the gas constant for the specified gas of interest (R = Ru/M̃ ) Ru = Universal gas constant, ≡ 8.314 kJ/(kmol · K) M̃ = molecular wieght (or molar mass) of the gas (see Table A-1)) • When is the ideal gas assumption viable? – for a low density gas where: ∗ the gas particles take up neg ...
Resolving Very Small Temperature Differences with the LTC2402
... temperature sensing using a number of different sensors. Extremely good matching between channels allows two absolute temperature measurements to be compared in order to determine the differential or gradient between two points. In the circuits shown below, the LTC2402, with averaging, can resolve a ...
... temperature sensing using a number of different sensors. Extremely good matching between channels allows two absolute temperature measurements to be compared in order to determine the differential or gradient between two points. In the circuits shown below, the LTC2402, with averaging, can resolve a ...
Temperature, Thermal Energy, and Heat
... becomes less dense than the surrounding water. As a result, it rises to the surface, where it cools, contracts, and sinks— only to be reheated and circulated again. This movement of a fluid due to differences in density is called a convection current. 3. Radiation: Radiation is the transfer of heat ...
... becomes less dense than the surrounding water. As a result, it rises to the surface, where it cools, contracts, and sinks— only to be reheated and circulated again. This movement of a fluid due to differences in density is called a convection current. 3. Radiation: Radiation is the transfer of heat ...
Effect of radiation losses on hotspot formation and propagation in
... heating occurs in the bulk of the material, and not just at the surface as in conventional heating. However, this rapid rate of heating causes a number of serious problems. One of these is the so-called hotspot, which has been observed in a number of industrial applications. A hotspot is a thermal i ...
... heating occurs in the bulk of the material, and not just at the surface as in conventional heating. However, this rapid rate of heating causes a number of serious problems. One of these is the so-called hotspot, which has been observed in a number of industrial applications. A hotspot is a thermal i ...
Work, Energy and Momentum Notes
... Suppose the Magic Bullet operates at 250 W for 100 s. During this time 4500 J of heat flow from the now warm food to the surroundings. How much does the internal energy of the food change? ...
... Suppose the Magic Bullet operates at 250 W for 100 s. During this time 4500 J of heat flow from the now warm food to the surroundings. How much does the internal energy of the food change? ...
Black body
A black body (also blackbody) is an idealized physical body that absorbs all incident electromagnetic radiation, regardless of frequency or angle of incidence. A white body is one with a ""rough surface [that] reflects all incident rays completely and uniformly in all directions.""A black body in thermal equilibrium (that is, at a constant temperature) emits electromagnetic radiation called black-body radiation. The radiation is emitted according to Planck's law, meaning that it has a spectrum that is determined by the temperature alone (see figure at right), not by the body's shape or composition.A black body in thermal equilibrium has two notable properties:It is an ideal emitter: at every frequency, it emits as much energy as – or more energy than – any other body at the same temperature.It is a diffuse emitter: the energy is radiated isotropically, independent of direction.An approximate realization of a black surface is a hole in the wall of a large enclosure (see below). Any light entering the hole is reflected indefinitely or absorbed inside and is unlikely to re-emerge, making the hole a nearly perfect absorber. The radiation confined in such an enclosure may or may not be in thermal equilibrium, depending upon the nature of the walls and the other contents of the enclosure.Real materials emit energy at a fraction—called the emissivity—of black-body energy levels. By definition, a black body in thermal equilibrium has an emissivity of ε = 1.0. A source with lower emissivity independent of frequency often is referred to as a gray body.Construction of black bodies with emissivity as close to one as possible remains a topic of current interest.In astronomy, the radiation from stars and planets is sometimes characterized in terms of an effective temperature, the temperature of a black body that would emit the same total flux of electromagnetic energy.