Foreword - Cap-Net
... As we look at our current knowledge of climate change it is clear that we are still in a state of uncertainty. For most countries there is still much debate as to how climate change will manifest itself and what the effects will be. Yet despite this uncertainty there is pressure to act now and to al ...
... As we look at our current knowledge of climate change it is clear that we are still in a state of uncertainty. For most countries there is still much debate as to how climate change will manifest itself and what the effects will be. Yet despite this uncertainty there is pressure to act now and to al ...
Climate Models: An Assessment of Strengths and Limitations
... evolved very slowly. The lower limit has been nearly unchanged over time, with very few recent models below 2°. Difficulties in simulating Earth’s clouds and their response to climate change are the fundamental reasons preventing a reduction in this range in model-generated climate sensitivity. Othe ...
... evolved very slowly. The lower limit has been nearly unchanged over time, with very few recent models below 2°. Difficulties in simulating Earth’s clouds and their response to climate change are the fundamental reasons preventing a reduction in this range in model-generated climate sensitivity. Othe ...
Climate Change Impacts on the Water Resources of the Cooper
... Table 1. Climate model simulations analysed in this report. The non-CSIRO simulations may be found at the IPCC Data Distribution Centre (http://ipcc-ddc.cru.uea.ac.uk/). Note that DARLAM125 and CC50 are regional climate models ................................................................11 Table ...
... Table 1. Climate model simulations analysed in this report. The non-CSIRO simulations may be found at the IPCC Data Distribution Centre (http://ipcc-ddc.cru.uea.ac.uk/). Note that DARLAM125 and CC50 are regional climate models ................................................................11 Table ...
Pennsylvania Climate Impact Assessment Report to
... utilization of fugitive greenhouse gas emissions, and other mitigation strategies. The Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) finds that “Warming of the climate system is unequivocal…” and that “Observational evidence from all continents and most ocean ...
... utilization of fugitive greenhouse gas emissions, and other mitigation strategies. The Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) finds that “Warming of the climate system is unequivocal…” and that “Observational evidence from all continents and most ocean ...
IFinland`s National Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change
... terms provision or adjustment are sometimes used in other contexts. Mitigation An anthropogenic intervention to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases. This is sometimes referred to as limiting climate change. ...
... terms provision or adjustment are sometimes used in other contexts. Mitigation An anthropogenic intervention to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases. This is sometimes referred to as limiting climate change. ...
Carbon to Climate Change
... near-surface permafrost. However, organic C pools can be much larger at depth than previously recognized because of cryogenic (freeze-thaw) mixing and sediment deposition (figure 2a) (Schirrmeister et al. 2002, Zimov et al. 2006b). The estimated size of the permafrost C pool can vary depending on th ...
... near-surface permafrost. However, organic C pools can be much larger at depth than previously recognized because of cryogenic (freeze-thaw) mixing and sediment deposition (figure 2a) (Schirrmeister et al. 2002, Zimov et al. 2006b). The estimated size of the permafrost C pool can vary depending on th ...
The Economic Impacts of Climate Change for Canada
... change can be. It shows the uncertainty of estimating economic impacts of climate change and increases our understanding of how to assess climate risk and our own willingness to accept — or not — the probability of more damages for future generations. It then identifies how adaptation measures can r ...
... change can be. It shows the uncertainty of estimating economic impacts of climate change and increases our understanding of how to assess climate risk and our own willingness to accept — or not — the probability of more damages for future generations. It then identifies how adaptation measures can r ...
Read the Adaptation Strategy
... Interior (DOI) to develop such a strategy. CEQ and DOI responded by assembling an unprecedented partnership of federal, state, and tribal fish and wildlife conservation agencies to draft the document. More than 90 diverse technical, scientific, and management experts from across the country particip ...
... Interior (DOI) to develop such a strategy. CEQ and DOI responded by assembling an unprecedented partnership of federal, state, and tribal fish and wildlife conservation agencies to draft the document. More than 90 diverse technical, scientific, and management experts from across the country particip ...
Adapting for a green economy updated
... UN Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20) will seek to secure new and comprehensive commitments to sustainable development. This publication aims to support the efforts leading up to Rio+20, as well as the activities, processes, commitments and partnerships that flow from it. By highlighting ...
... UN Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20) will seek to secure new and comprehensive commitments to sustainable development. This publication aims to support the efforts leading up to Rio+20, as well as the activities, processes, commitments and partnerships that flow from it. By highlighting ...
A multistage crucible of revision and approval shapes IPCC
... for the WGII AR4 and WGIII AR5 (Fig. 2), highlighting substantial deletions that occurred during their revision. Across AR5 SPM revisions, we also evaluate several examples of politically sensitive material emphasized in published perspectives and notes (7, 8, 11, 16, 17, 21, 34–36). For some of the ...
... for the WGII AR4 and WGIII AR5 (Fig. 2), highlighting substantial deletions that occurred during their revision. Across AR5 SPM revisions, we also evaluate several examples of politically sensitive material emphasized in published perspectives and notes (7, 8, 11, 16, 17, 21, 34–36). For some of the ...
Working Paper 235 - Watkiss and Cimato (opens in new window)
... decision making under uncertainty. The analysis has first considered the mainstreaming of adaptation, recognising the recent emphasis on integrating (mainstreaming) adaptation into current policy and development, rather than implementing measures as a stand-alone activity. This requires the integrat ...
... decision making under uncertainty. The analysis has first considered the mainstreaming of adaptation, recognising the recent emphasis on integrating (mainstreaming) adaptation into current policy and development, rather than implementing measures as a stand-alone activity. This requires the integrat ...
Using climate information for drought planning
... Planning is a task of basic problem-solving, and has been incorporated into many disciplines, including environmental issues related to land management, natural resources, water, and, more recently, drought (Bergman 2014). Water planners are used to dealing with uncertainty. The actual trajectory of ...
... Planning is a task of basic problem-solving, and has been incorporated into many disciplines, including environmental issues related to land management, natural resources, water, and, more recently, drought (Bergman 2014). Water planners are used to dealing with uncertainty. The actual trajectory of ...
R Cook Master Thesis 2010
... negotiate a post 2012 agreement on global climate change.1 It was the largest environmental negotiation to have taken place2 and the most contentious. The expectations were extremely high, yet the outcome was disappointing. However, the size of the negotiations and the acute disagreement between par ...
... negotiate a post 2012 agreement on global climate change.1 It was the largest environmental negotiation to have taken place2 and the most contentious. The expectations were extremely high, yet the outcome was disappointing. However, the size of the negotiations and the acute disagreement between par ...
Climate Adaptation Outlook
... inundation. On the other hand, there has been progress in reducing risks in some areas with where impacts on livelihoods are more immediate — for example through increased capacity to manage risks to activities that depend on water resources. In many cases (such as natural ecosystems) risks are know ...
... inundation. On the other hand, there has been progress in reducing risks in some areas with where impacts on livelihoods are more immediate — for example through increased capacity to manage risks to activities that depend on water resources. In many cases (such as natural ecosystems) risks are know ...
Phenology, biomass and community composition changes in European shrublands submitted to
... 2- Effects of experimental warming and drought on photosynthesis shoot elongation and biomass accumulation in the dominant species of a Mediterranean shrubland. 3- Acceleration of the onset of shrubland species spring growth in response to an experimental warming along a north-south gradient in Euro ...
... 2- Effects of experimental warming and drought on photosynthesis shoot elongation and biomass accumulation in the dominant species of a Mediterranean shrubland. 3- Acceleration of the onset of shrubland species spring growth in response to an experimental warming along a north-south gradient in Euro ...
Climate Change Adaptation Plan
... Because many of the environmental outcomes that EPA is working to attain (e.g., clean air, safe drinking water) are sensitive to changes in weather and climate, these changes are posing new challenges to EPA’s ability to fulfill its mission of protecting human health and the ...
... Because many of the environmental outcomes that EPA is working to attain (e.g., clean air, safe drinking water) are sensitive to changes in weather and climate, these changes are posing new challenges to EPA’s ability to fulfill its mission of protecting human health and the ...
Climate Change: Adaptation for Queensland Issues Paper
... to avoid catastrophic climate change. These efforts are commonly referred to as mitigation and will need to be continued and strengthened. At the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change conference in Cancun in December 2010 the world agreed to take action to limit global warming to 2°C ...
... to avoid catastrophic climate change. These efforts are commonly referred to as mitigation and will need to be continued and strengthened. At the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change conference in Cancun in December 2010 the world agreed to take action to limit global warming to 2°C ...
Impact of Climate Change on Households in the Indonesian
... activities, whether direct or indirect, which cause a change in the composition of the atmosphere globally and also a change in the natural climate variability which monitored in comparable period. Yet, society has a diverse concept of conceiving what climate change is. Generally society comprehends ...
... activities, whether direct or indirect, which cause a change in the composition of the atmosphere globally and also a change in the natural climate variability which monitored in comparable period. Yet, society has a diverse concept of conceiving what climate change is. Generally society comprehends ...
Climate Change Issues and Impacts in the Wet Tropics
... This report has been generated jointly by James Cook University and the Commonwealth Science and Industrial Research Organisation for the purposes of reporting to the Commonwealth of Australia and should not be used for any other purposes. The views expressed herein are not necessarily the views of ...
... This report has been generated jointly by James Cook University and the Commonwealth Science and Industrial Research Organisation for the purposes of reporting to the Commonwealth of Australia and should not be used for any other purposes. The views expressed herein are not necessarily the views of ...
the state of city climate finance - Cities Climate Finance Leadership
... “While during COP21 Local Governments are recognized for the first time as key actors to face climate change, this publication will help to better understand the challenges and opportunities addressed to mobilize the necessary resources to engage actions to develop a low-carbon economy and invest in ...
... “While during COP21 Local Governments are recognized for the first time as key actors to face climate change, this publication will help to better understand the challenges and opportunities addressed to mobilize the necessary resources to engage actions to develop a low-carbon economy and invest in ...
Climate Change: An Australian Guide to the Science and Potential
... of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is to be achieved. Increased research is needed to quantify the probability and global and local consequences of these high impact scenarios. ...
... of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is to be achieved. Increased research is needed to quantify the probability and global and local consequences of these high impact scenarios. ...
sea level rise in the caribbean - M
... The nations of CARICOM3 (the Caribbean Community) exemplify many of these characteristics, and even though they contribute less than 1% to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions4, these countries are expected to be among the earliest and most impacted by climate change in the coming decades. Caribbea ...
... The nations of CARICOM3 (the Caribbean Community) exemplify many of these characteristics, and even though they contribute less than 1% to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions4, these countries are expected to be among the earliest and most impacted by climate change in the coming decades. Caribbea ...
a i5188e
... lives. Population and income increase as well as urbanization are driving increased and changing food and feed demand. FAO estimates that, to satisfy the growing demand driven by population growth and diet changes, food production will have to increase by at least 60 percent in the next decades. Acc ...
... lives. Population and income increase as well as urbanization are driving increased and changing food and feed demand. FAO estimates that, to satisfy the growing demand driven by population growth and diet changes, food production will have to increase by at least 60 percent in the next decades. Acc ...
Global warming controversy
The global warming controversy concerns the public debate over whether global warming is occurring, how much has occurred in modern times, what has caused it, what its effects will be, whether any action should be taken to curb it, and if so what that action should be. In the scientific literature, there is a strong consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused primarily by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. No scientific body of national or international standing disagrees with this view, though a few organizations with members in extractive industries hold non-committal positions. Disputes over the key scientific facts of global warming are now more prevalent in the popular media than in the scientific literature, where such issues are treated as resolved, and more in the United States than globally.Political and popular debate concerning the existence and cause of climate change includes the reasons for the increase seen in the instrumental temperature record, whether the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations, and whether human activities have contributed significantly to it. Scientists have resolved many of these questions decisively in favour of the view that the current warming trend exists and is ongoing, that human activity is the primary cause, and that it is without precedent in at least 2000 years. Disputes that also reflect scientific debate include estimates of how responsive the climate system might be to any given level of greenhouse gases (climate sensitivity), and what the consequences of global warming will be.Global warming remains an issue of widespread political debate, often split along party political lines, especially in the United States. Many of the largely settled scientific issues, such as the human responsibility for global warming, remain the subject of politically or economically motivated attempts to downplay, dismiss or deny them – an ideological phenomenon categorised by academics and scientists as climate change denial. The sources of funding for those involved with climate science – both supporting and opposing mainstream scientific positions – have been questioned by both sides. There are debates about the best policy responses to the science, their cost-effectiveness and their urgency. Climate scientists, especially in the United States, have reported official and oil-industry pressure to censor or suppress their work and hide scientific data, with directives not to discuss the subject in public communications. Legal cases regarding global warming, its effects, and measures to reduce it have reached American courts. The fossil fuels lobby and free market think tanks have often been identified as overtly or covertly supporting efforts to undermine or discredit the scientific consensus on global warming.