FIRST-ORDER DRAFT IPCC WGII AR5 Chapter 4 Do Not Cite
... properties, goods and services; Fischlin et al., 2007). Together they found that ‘Observational evidence from all ...
... properties, goods and services; Fischlin et al., 2007). Together they found that ‘Observational evidence from all ...
PDF
... quantity) of a good without policy intervention (status quo) and a proposed policy intervention to improve or prevent deterioration in the quality (or quantity) of that good. Traditionally, an unmitigated environmental problem is expected to cause utility loss for an affected group of the population ...
... quantity) of a good without policy intervention (status quo) and a proposed policy intervention to improve or prevent deterioration in the quality (or quantity) of that good. Traditionally, an unmitigated environmental problem is expected to cause utility loss for an affected group of the population ...
The Value of Linking Mitigation and Adaptation: A Case Study of
... raises (at this stage theoretical) concerns that ‘‘some countries might consider their national costs of adaptation to be so much lower than the costs of mitigation that ‘no mitigation action’ could be seen as a tempting prospect.’’ Such a line of argument has been taken in the past by Al Gore, curr ...
... raises (at this stage theoretical) concerns that ‘‘some countries might consider their national costs of adaptation to be so much lower than the costs of mitigation that ‘no mitigation action’ could be seen as a tempting prospect.’’ Such a line of argument has been taken in the past by Al Gore, curr ...
Assessing recent trends in high-latitude Southern
... driver of the recent trends in Antarctic sea ice33, in particular through the strengthening of the Amundsen Sea Low (ASL)34. Deepening of the ASL is linked to both changes in the SAM35 and to atmospheric teleconnections with the tropical Pacific11,29,34,36,37. The ASL has intensified onshore warm ai ...
... driver of the recent trends in Antarctic sea ice33, in particular through the strengthening of the Amundsen Sea Low (ASL)34. Deepening of the ASL is linked to both changes in the SAM35 and to atmospheric teleconnections with the tropical Pacific11,29,34,36,37. The ASL has intensified onshore warm ai ...
Do Not Cite, Quote, or Distribute IPCC WGII AR5 Chapter 7
... The chapter presents a very interesting analysis of likely climate change effecst on various food production systems. The discussion of literature on direct effects of climate change on crop yields and other food production systems is extensive and covers all important crops and regions. In contrast ...
... The chapter presents a very interesting analysis of likely climate change effecst on various food production systems. The discussion of literature on direct effects of climate change on crop yields and other food production systems is extensive and covers all important crops and regions. In contrast ...
Nitrogen deposition: how important is it for global
... emissions alone are between 25 and 40 TgN yr−1 for the year 2000 and 60–100 TgN yr−1 by 2100 (Lamarque et al., 2005). Global carbon budget studies suggest that the global terrestrial ecosystem has remained a large sink of carbon in recent decades, despite a widespread deforestation-related flux of c ...
... emissions alone are between 25 and 40 TgN yr−1 for the year 2000 and 60–100 TgN yr−1 by 2100 (Lamarque et al., 2005). Global carbon budget studies suggest that the global terrestrial ecosystem has remained a large sink of carbon in recent decades, despite a widespread deforestation-related flux of c ...
Climate Scenario Development
... Each of the stages of analysis required scenario information to be provided, including: • scenarios of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, affecting crop growth and water use, as an input to the crop models; • climate observations and scenarios of future climate, for the crop model simulations; • ad ...
... Each of the stages of analysis required scenario information to be provided, including: • scenarios of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, affecting crop growth and water use, as an input to the crop models; • climate observations and scenarios of future climate, for the crop model simulations; • ad ...
Climate Change in Zimbabwe - Konrad-Adenauer
... Earth will rise due to climate change. This will cause widespread melting of snow and ice at the poles. The extra water from this melting will cause sea levels to rise and weather patterns to change across the planet. Extreme events, including storms, droughts and floods, will be more frequent. Ever ...
... Earth will rise due to climate change. This will cause widespread melting of snow and ice at the poles. The extra water from this melting will cause sea levels to rise and weather patterns to change across the planet. Extreme events, including storms, droughts and floods, will be more frequent. Ever ...
Thomas Sheffer Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of
... particularly true for vulnerable coastal regions where projected impacts are the most severe. While substantial attention and action is being given to mitigating the human contribution to climate change, the US has been slow to initiate adaptation planning for both projected changes and those alread ...
... particularly true for vulnerable coastal regions where projected impacts are the most severe. While substantial attention and action is being given to mitigating the human contribution to climate change, the US has been slow to initiate adaptation planning for both projected changes and those alread ...
Case Study: Climate Change Resilience of Melbourne
... private enterprise and commercial interest are included in problem solving and actioning of initiatives. ...
... private enterprise and commercial interest are included in problem solving and actioning of initiatives. ...
Climate change impacts, vulnerability and adaptation in
... Recent reports produced by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2001, 2007, 2012) conclude not only that green-house gas emissions are already beginning to change the global climate, but also that Africa will experience increased water stress, decreased yields from rain-fed agricult ...
... Recent reports produced by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2001, 2007, 2012) conclude not only that green-house gas emissions are already beginning to change the global climate, but also that Africa will experience increased water stress, decreased yields from rain-fed agricult ...
A Question of Balance - Yale Economics
... signals—such as greater high-latitude warming—that are distinguishing indicators of this particular type of warming. Recent evidence and model predictions suggest that global mean surface temperature will rise sharply in the next century and beyond. Climate Change 2007, the Fourth Assessment Report ...
... signals—such as greater high-latitude warming—that are distinguishing indicators of this particular type of warming. Recent evidence and model predictions suggest that global mean surface temperature will rise sharply in the next century and beyond. Climate Change 2007, the Fourth Assessment Report ...
Contrasting the direct radiative effect and direct radiative forcing of
... et al., 2008). Of these three categories of SOA, only yields for SOA formed from aromatic precursors include a dependence on (NOx ) concentrations. Note that the anthropogenic SOA (and the DRF associated with it) in GC–RT is only that formed from aromatic species. The soil dust simulation uses the s ...
... et al., 2008). Of these three categories of SOA, only yields for SOA formed from aromatic precursors include a dependence on (NOx ) concentrations. Note that the anthropogenic SOA (and the DRF associated with it) in GC–RT is only that formed from aromatic species. The soil dust simulation uses the s ...
The implications for climate sensitivity of AR5 forcing and heat...
... response‟ (TCR), represents the extent of global warming at the time of the CO2 doubling following a linear increase in CO2 forcing over a period of 70 years. For three decades up to 2007, scientific assessments (including those by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change – IPCC) provided a ran ...
... response‟ (TCR), represents the extent of global warming at the time of the CO2 doubling following a linear increase in CO2 forcing over a period of 70 years. For three decades up to 2007, scientific assessments (including those by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change – IPCC) provided a ran ...
Book of abstracts for download
... Dell’Aquila A. Reconstructing the past, projecting the future: a regional earth system perspective for the Mediterranean region...................................................................................... 4 Déqué, M. Simulation of extreme events in climate projections ...................... ...
... Dell’Aquila A. Reconstructing the past, projecting the future: a regional earth system perspective for the Mediterranean region...................................................................................... 4 Déqué, M. Simulation of extreme events in climate projections ...................... ...
How trees and people can co-adapt to climate change
... planning this overview we developed sections aimed at 'understanding' and those aimed at 'action'. The idea for this book was warmly welcomed by the group of researchers and practitioners in the RUPES and PRESA networks and many agreed to contribute their experience and perspectives. We hope the tex ...
... planning this overview we developed sections aimed at 'understanding' and those aimed at 'action'. The idea for this book was warmly welcomed by the group of researchers and practitioners in the RUPES and PRESA networks and many agreed to contribute their experience and perspectives. We hope the tex ...
UK Climate action following the Paris Agreement
... and delivering policies in line with the plan. Meeting the carbon budgets will require economy-wide improvements to efficiency, decarbonisation of electricity and scaling up of markets for zero-emission vehicles and heating. Current policies, at best, will deliver about half the required reduction i ...
... and delivering policies in line with the plan. Meeting the carbon budgets will require economy-wide improvements to efficiency, decarbonisation of electricity and scaling up of markets for zero-emission vehicles and heating. Current policies, at best, will deliver about half the required reduction i ...
Climate Change and India: A 4x4 Assessment
... institutions and over 220 scientists from across the country to undertake scientific assessments of different aspects of climate change assessment. As I have stated earlier, we need to make the “3 M’s” – Measure, Model and Monitor – the foundation of our decision-making and we need to build indigeno ...
... institutions and over 220 scientists from across the country to undertake scientific assessments of different aspects of climate change assessment. As I have stated earlier, we need to make the “3 M’s” – Measure, Model and Monitor – the foundation of our decision-making and we need to build indigeno ...
ACIA Ch01 Final - Arctic Climate Impact Assessment
... of the Arctic countries to the challenges posed by climate change and UV radiation.The ACIA Policy Document (ACIA, 2004b) accomplishes this task. An assessment of expected impacts is a difficult and long-term undertaking.The conclusions presented here, while as complete as present information allows ...
... of the Arctic countries to the challenges posed by climate change and UV radiation.The ACIA Policy Document (ACIA, 2004b) accomplishes this task. An assessment of expected impacts is a difficult and long-term undertaking.The conclusions presented here, while as complete as present information allows ...
How trees and people can co-adapt to climate change
... planning this overview we developed sections aimed at 'understanding' and those aimed at 'action'. The idea for this book was warmly welcomed by the group of researchers and practitioners in the RUPES and PRESA networks and many agreed to contribute their experience and perspectives. We hope the tex ...
... planning this overview we developed sections aimed at 'understanding' and those aimed at 'action'. The idea for this book was warmly welcomed by the group of researchers and practitioners in the RUPES and PRESA networks and many agreed to contribute their experience and perspectives. We hope the tex ...
C i T Climate n Wash Technic e Chan hingto cal Sum ge Imp n State
... vulnerabilities are similar to those of the broader Pacific Northwest region, results for Washington State are expected to generally align with those provided for the Pacific Northwest, with potential for some variation at any specific location. Research since 2007 is emphasized in order to capture ...
... vulnerabilities are similar to those of the broader Pacific Northwest region, results for Washington State are expected to generally align with those provided for the Pacific Northwest, with potential for some variation at any specific location. Research since 2007 is emphasized in order to capture ...
Global warming controversy
The global warming controversy concerns the public debate over whether global warming is occurring, how much has occurred in modern times, what has caused it, what its effects will be, whether any action should be taken to curb it, and if so what that action should be. In the scientific literature, there is a strong consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused primarily by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. No scientific body of national or international standing disagrees with this view, though a few organizations with members in extractive industries hold non-committal positions. Disputes over the key scientific facts of global warming are now more prevalent in the popular media than in the scientific literature, where such issues are treated as resolved, and more in the United States than globally.Political and popular debate concerning the existence and cause of climate change includes the reasons for the increase seen in the instrumental temperature record, whether the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations, and whether human activities have contributed significantly to it. Scientists have resolved many of these questions decisively in favour of the view that the current warming trend exists and is ongoing, that human activity is the primary cause, and that it is without precedent in at least 2000 years. Disputes that also reflect scientific debate include estimates of how responsive the climate system might be to any given level of greenhouse gases (climate sensitivity), and what the consequences of global warming will be.Global warming remains an issue of widespread political debate, often split along party political lines, especially in the United States. Many of the largely settled scientific issues, such as the human responsibility for global warming, remain the subject of politically or economically motivated attempts to downplay, dismiss or deny them – an ideological phenomenon categorised by academics and scientists as climate change denial. The sources of funding for those involved with climate science – both supporting and opposing mainstream scientific positions – have been questioned by both sides. There are debates about the best policy responses to the science, their cost-effectiveness and their urgency. Climate scientists, especially in the United States, have reported official and oil-industry pressure to censor or suppress their work and hide scientific data, with directives not to discuss the subject in public communications. Legal cases regarding global warming, its effects, and measures to reduce it have reached American courts. The fossil fuels lobby and free market think tanks have often been identified as overtly or covertly supporting efforts to undermine or discredit the scientific consensus on global warming.