A new approach to mapping permafrost and change incorporating
... In the past two decades, process-based models have been used to quantify the impact of climate change on permafrost conditions and their spatial distributions. These models can integrate climate and ground variables based on energy and water transfer and can capture transient changes from seasonal t ...
... In the past two decades, process-based models have been used to quantify the impact of climate change on permafrost conditions and their spatial distributions. These models can integrate climate and ground variables based on energy and water transfer and can capture transient changes from seasonal t ...
Macarthy, J.M. 12 - Newcastle University eTheses: Home
... Much of the climate change literature is replete with discussions about the potential impact of climate change on cities. Whilst urban planners are increasingly being urged to develop robust and clear strategies for dealing with the impacts, in reality there is very little knowledge about the way th ...
... Much of the climate change literature is replete with discussions about the potential impact of climate change on cities. Whilst urban planners are increasingly being urged to develop robust and clear strategies for dealing with the impacts, in reality there is very little knowledge about the way th ...
Free version - Derek Lemoine
... our explicit treatment of regime shifts in the climate and their damage implications. Our quantitative results have to be interpreted within this framework. For instance, alternate discount rate calibrations can greatly increase the optimal emission tax in models without tipping points,32, 35, 36 an ...
... our explicit treatment of regime shifts in the climate and their damage implications. Our quantitative results have to be interpreted within this framework. For instance, alternate discount rate calibrations can greatly increase the optimal emission tax in models without tipping points,32, 35, 36 an ...
South America - International Institute for Sustainable Development
... Growing understanding of the need to adapt to the impacts of climate change has led to a significant rise in ongoing and planned adaptation action in the developing regions of the world, including South America. This upsurge in climate change adaptation action is a welcome occurrence, but enhanced c ...
... Growing understanding of the need to adapt to the impacts of climate change has led to a significant rise in ongoing and planned adaptation action in the developing regions of the world, including South America. This upsurge in climate change adaptation action is a welcome occurrence, but enhanced c ...
America's Climate Choices: Panel on Informing Effective
... granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the chart ...
... granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the chart ...
UNEP Regional Office for Africa
... Climate Change Challenges in Africa: A Practical Guide towards Sustainable Development. The Guidebook aims to translate available climate science analysis and current international climate policies into practical implementation in Africa in the context of sustainable development. In this regard the ...
... Climate Change Challenges in Africa: A Practical Guide towards Sustainable Development. The Guidebook aims to translate available climate science analysis and current international climate policies into practical implementation in Africa in the context of sustainable development. In this regard the ...
An investigation of the pattern scaling technique for describing future
... It is now generally recognised that climate change is real, and that humans are at least partly responsible. In 1996 a scientific consensus was reached that “the balance of evidence suggests a discernible human influence on global climate” (IPCC, 1996a, p5). In 2001 this scientific consensus was upd ...
... It is now generally recognised that climate change is real, and that humans are at least partly responsible. In 1996 a scientific consensus was reached that “the balance of evidence suggests a discernible human influence on global climate” (IPCC, 1996a, p5). In 2001 this scientific consensus was upd ...
http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au/R?func=dbin
... through the course of completing my thesis. Firstly I wish to thank my supervisory team. To Brian Bishop for his unfaltering unflappability in the face of my many manic ramblings; anyone who quotes Jethro Tull to elucidate complex social phenomena was bound to be a good fit for me. To Lauren Hewitt, ...
... through the course of completing my thesis. Firstly I wish to thank my supervisory team. To Brian Bishop for his unfaltering unflappability in the face of my many manic ramblings; anyone who quotes Jethro Tull to elucidate complex social phenomena was bound to be a good fit for me. To Lauren Hewitt, ...
Climate change and human health RISKS AND RESPONSES Editors
... warmest since instrumental records began in the nineteenth century, and contained 9 of the 10 warmest years ever recorded. The causes of this change are increasingly well understood. The Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, published in 2001, goes further than it ...
... warmest since instrumental records began in the nineteenth century, and contained 9 of the 10 warmest years ever recorded. The causes of this change are increasingly well understood. The Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, published in 2001, goes further than it ...
Review of Current and Planned Adaptation Action: Central America
... completed prior to 2009 that may have contributed to building local and national capacity to adapt. The review only identifies those actions currently underway; it does not offer judgment of the effectiveness of the actions taking place. In addition, reflecting the desk-based nature of the review, ...
... completed prior to 2009 that may have contributed to building local and national capacity to adapt. The review only identifies those actions currently underway; it does not offer judgment of the effectiveness of the actions taking place. In addition, reflecting the desk-based nature of the review, ...
Climate change and human health
... warmest since instrumental records began in the nineteenth century, and contained 9 of the 10 warmest years ever recorded. The causes of this change are increasingly well understood. The Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, published in 2001, goes further than it ...
... warmest since instrumental records began in the nineteenth century, and contained 9 of the 10 warmest years ever recorded. The causes of this change are increasingly well understood. The Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, published in 2001, goes further than it ...
TowARD ReSiLienCe
... unpredictable extreme weather events. People have always adapted to climate variabilityG through a variety of means including, for example, planting late-transplant rice or switching to other, fastergrowing crops. However climate change is pushing at-risk populations beyond their capacityG to cope a ...
... unpredictable extreme weather events. People have always adapted to climate variabilityG through a variety of means including, for example, planting late-transplant rice or switching to other, fastergrowing crops. However climate change is pushing at-risk populations beyond their capacityG to cope a ...
a study of public understanding of and response to climate
... Prevalence of and reasons for energy-reduction action ..................................... 67 Theoretical perspectives relevant to energy conservation.................................. 68 Costs and benefits of energy conservation.......................................................... 69 Social a ...
... Prevalence of and reasons for energy-reduction action ..................................... 67 Theoretical perspectives relevant to energy conservation.................................. 68 Costs and benefits of energy conservation.......................................................... 69 Social a ...
Climate Change Adaptation in Clayoquot Sound
... Storm characteristics in the Clayoquot Sound may also change. Projections regarding rain and wind intensity are uncertain but there is reason to believe that these will increase as well during the coming century. ...
... Storm characteristics in the Clayoquot Sound may also change. Projections regarding rain and wind intensity are uncertain but there is reason to believe that these will increase as well during the coming century. ...
Plant ecophysiological responses to experimentally drier and L
... indicate that rising temperatures during the past century have advanced the timing of spring flowering and leaf unfolding in many species at northern latitudes both in Europe and the USA, whereas it has delayed the timing of leaf colouring and fall (see Peñuelas & Filella 2001 for a review; see also ...
... indicate that rising temperatures during the past century have advanced the timing of spring flowering and leaf unfolding in many species at northern latitudes both in Europe and the USA, whereas it has delayed the timing of leaf colouring and fall (see Peñuelas & Filella 2001 for a review; see also ...
Scoping study: Modelling the interaction between mitigation and adaptation
... associated with high levels of temperature rise. On the adaptation side, there are many aspects that are inherently difficult to capture in global scale simulations, for example local scale issues and the organisational and institutional contexts in which adaptation processes occur. Models fail to a ...
... associated with high levels of temperature rise. On the adaptation side, there are many aspects that are inherently difficult to capture in global scale simulations, for example local scale issues and the organisational and institutional contexts in which adaptation processes occur. Models fail to a ...
CLIMATE CHANGE AND TOURISM
... Traveling for tourism and recreation is not a new phenomenon. From ancient Greece to the European Grand Tour in the 20th century and the development of the first coastal resorts in Europe and America, people have been traveling for recreation, culture, religion or health. These first phases of the t ...
... Traveling for tourism and recreation is not a new phenomenon. From ancient Greece to the European Grand Tour in the 20th century and the development of the first coastal resorts in Europe and America, people have been traveling for recreation, culture, religion or health. These first phases of the t ...
South Asia - International Institute for Sustainable Development
... biased toward identification of large-scale projects funded by international development assistance organizations, and those projects about which information is available online. As such, small-scale projects that meet the review’s definition of adaptation action, particularly those occurring at the ...
... biased toward identification of large-scale projects funded by international development assistance organizations, and those projects about which information is available online. As such, small-scale projects that meet the review’s definition of adaptation action, particularly those occurring at the ...
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... the high sensitivity of mountain ecosystems. Moreover, in many mountain economies, reliable snowpack plays a key role as an important resource for the winter tourism industry, one of the main income source and driving force of local development in such regions. For this reason, research on the effec ...
... the high sensitivity of mountain ecosystems. Moreover, in many mountain economies, reliable snowpack plays a key role as an important resource for the winter tourism industry, one of the main income source and driving force of local development in such regions. For this reason, research on the effec ...
Vulnerability Index to climate change in the Latin
... vulnerability is a multi-dimensional issue which can be influenced by a wider range of underlying factors. It is possible to lower vulnerability by reducing the sensitivity of the affected population and by improving society’s capacity to adapt to the changing climate. This requires understanding of ...
... vulnerability is a multi-dimensional issue which can be influenced by a wider range of underlying factors. It is possible to lower vulnerability by reducing the sensitivity of the affected population and by improving society’s capacity to adapt to the changing climate. This requires understanding of ...
A Changing Arctic Climate Science and Policy in the
... United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change United States Ultraviolet (radiation) World Climate Research Programme Working Group World Meteorological Organization World Wide Fund for Nature ...
... United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change United States Ultraviolet (radiation) World Climate Research Programme Working Group World Meteorological Organization World Wide Fund for Nature ...
Assessing the costs of adaptation to climate
... uncertainties in these estimates rather than to develop new cost estimates, which is a much larger task than can be accomplished here. The main reasons for under-estimation are that: (i) some sectors have not been included in an assessment of cost (e.g. ecosystems, energy, manufacturing, retailing, ...
... uncertainties in these estimates rather than to develop new cost estimates, which is a much larger task than can be accomplished here. The main reasons for under-estimation are that: (i) some sectors have not been included in an assessment of cost (e.g. ecosystems, energy, manufacturing, retailing, ...
An Analysis of Adaptation as a Response to Climate Change
... might be substantial if no immediate global action is undertaken. Even if all radiative forcing agents were held constant at the 2000 level, a further warming would be observed due to the inertia of oceans (IPCC, 2007). According to the main IPCC scenarios, world-average temperature is likely to inc ...
... might be substantial if no immediate global action is undertaken. Even if all radiative forcing agents were held constant at the 2000 level, a further warming would be observed due to the inertia of oceans (IPCC, 2007). According to the main IPCC scenarios, world-average temperature is likely to inc ...
Global warming controversy
The global warming controversy concerns the public debate over whether global warming is occurring, how much has occurred in modern times, what has caused it, what its effects will be, whether any action should be taken to curb it, and if so what that action should be. In the scientific literature, there is a strong consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused primarily by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. No scientific body of national or international standing disagrees with this view, though a few organizations with members in extractive industries hold non-committal positions. Disputes over the key scientific facts of global warming are now more prevalent in the popular media than in the scientific literature, where such issues are treated as resolved, and more in the United States than globally.Political and popular debate concerning the existence and cause of climate change includes the reasons for the increase seen in the instrumental temperature record, whether the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations, and whether human activities have contributed significantly to it. Scientists have resolved many of these questions decisively in favour of the view that the current warming trend exists and is ongoing, that human activity is the primary cause, and that it is without precedent in at least 2000 years. Disputes that also reflect scientific debate include estimates of how responsive the climate system might be to any given level of greenhouse gases (climate sensitivity), and what the consequences of global warming will be.Global warming remains an issue of widespread political debate, often split along party political lines, especially in the United States. Many of the largely settled scientific issues, such as the human responsibility for global warming, remain the subject of politically or economically motivated attempts to downplay, dismiss or deny them – an ideological phenomenon categorised by academics and scientists as climate change denial. The sources of funding for those involved with climate science – both supporting and opposing mainstream scientific positions – have been questioned by both sides. There are debates about the best policy responses to the science, their cost-effectiveness and their urgency. Climate scientists, especially in the United States, have reported official and oil-industry pressure to censor or suppress their work and hide scientific data, with directives not to discuss the subject in public communications. Legal cases regarding global warming, its effects, and measures to reduce it have reached American courts. The fossil fuels lobby and free market think tanks have often been identified as overtly or covertly supporting efforts to undermine or discredit the scientific consensus on global warming.