natural solutions to climate change
... sources—a shift away from fossil fuels that will take decades to achieve. Similarly, efforts to help people and species adapt to climate change will include technologies and infrastructure such as sea walls, levees and irrigation works. These “hard engineering” solutions, while essential, must be co ...
... sources—a shift away from fossil fuels that will take decades to achieve. Similarly, efforts to help people and species adapt to climate change will include technologies and infrastructure such as sea walls, levees and irrigation works. These “hard engineering” solutions, while essential, must be co ...
Lecture A1
... • If the THC weakens dramatically, will it return to “normal” after GHG concentration has returned to pre-industrial? • Could a THC collapse occur much faster than indicated by the extant models? • Which, if any, of the models is correct? ...
... • If the THC weakens dramatically, will it return to “normal” after GHG concentration has returned to pre-industrial? • Could a THC collapse occur much faster than indicated by the extant models? • Which, if any, of the models is correct? ...
Physiological effects of climate warming on
... several New Zealand species generally increased as a result of increasing temperatures, as well (Schauber et al., 2002). The mixed effects of warming on flower production suggest that particular species are stressed by higher temperatures while others are not. In many studies that involve experiment ...
... several New Zealand species generally increased as a result of increasing temperatures, as well (Schauber et al., 2002). The mixed effects of warming on flower production suggest that particular species are stressed by higher temperatures while others are not. In many studies that involve experiment ...
pdf - The Paleoindian Database of the Americas
... As scientific knowledge of the causes of climate change has grown, so, too, has public interest in the subject. ‘‘An Inconvenient Truth,’’ a film about global warming produced by former United States Vice President Al Gore, won an Oscar for best documentary in February 2007 (see also Gore, 2006). Earl ...
... As scientific knowledge of the causes of climate change has grown, so, too, has public interest in the subject. ‘‘An Inconvenient Truth,’’ a film about global warming produced by former United States Vice President Al Gore, won an Oscar for best documentary in February 2007 (see also Gore, 2006). Earl ...
The road to Paris and beyond (opens in new window)
... Effective international cooperation can enable the world to (i) develop along a pathway that provides a reasonable chance that global average temperatures will not increase by more than 2°C above pre-industrial levels; and (ii) adapt to the climatic changes already locked-in as a result of past and ...
... Effective international cooperation can enable the world to (i) develop along a pathway that provides a reasonable chance that global average temperatures will not increase by more than 2°C above pre-industrial levels; and (ii) adapt to the climatic changes already locked-in as a result of past and ...
Climate change in the Sahel
... scenarios, despite its marginal contribution to GHG emissions. The IPCC (2007) confirms these perspectives on the continent. In the 21st century, global warming will be greatest in Africa than in the rest of the world. The rise in average temperatures between 1980/99 and 2080/99 will range between 3 ...
... scenarios, despite its marginal contribution to GHG emissions. The IPCC (2007) confirms these perspectives on the continent. In the 21st century, global warming will be greatest in Africa than in the rest of the world. The rise in average temperatures between 1980/99 and 2080/99 will range between 3 ...
Adapting to Climate Change
... Risk management provides a useful framework for most climate change decision making. Iterative risk management is most suitable in situations characterised by large uncertainties, long time frames, the potential for learning over time, and the influence of both climate as well as other socio-economi ...
... Risk management provides a useful framework for most climate change decision making. Iterative risk management is most suitable in situations characterised by large uncertainties, long time frames, the potential for learning over time, and the influence of both climate as well as other socio-economi ...
Feng and Oppenheimer Krueger PNAS 2012 pub
... 2010) indicate 1) a preference for short-range movement within national borders, and 2) a complex relationship to income or wealth, age and gender status with some indication that the poorest are less able to avail themselves of the opportunity to migrate. Pre-existing immigrant networks are critica ...
... 2010) indicate 1) a preference for short-range movement within national borders, and 2) a complex relationship to income or wealth, age and gender status with some indication that the poorest are less able to avail themselves of the opportunity to migrate. Pre-existing immigrant networks are critica ...
3B.9 THE U.S. GLOBAL CLIMATE OBSERVING SYSTEM (GCOS
... States has begun fielding and commissioning a system known as the Climate Reference Network (CRN). The CRN is designed to answer the question: How has the U.S. climate changed over the past 50 years at national, regional, and local levels? Since 2002, 100 CRN stations have been put into operation o ...
... States has begun fielding and commissioning a system known as the Climate Reference Network (CRN). The CRN is designed to answer the question: How has the U.S. climate changed over the past 50 years at national, regional, and local levels? Since 2002, 100 CRN stations have been put into operation o ...
Impacts of climate change on plant food allergens: a previously
... Implications for human health Impacts of climate change on allergens could have serious implications for human health. Impacts on aeroallergens such as pollens could result in changes in associated allergic diseases such as asthma and allergic rhinitis (Beggs and Bambrick 2005). Similarly, it has be ...
... Implications for human health Impacts of climate change on allergens could have serious implications for human health. Impacts on aeroallergens such as pollens could result in changes in associated allergic diseases such as asthma and allergic rhinitis (Beggs and Bambrick 2005). Similarly, it has be ...
APH-13 - Laboratory for Remote Sensing Hydrology and Spatial
... land surfaces and the ecosystems in them. • e.g., "Baja California has a desert climate” Weather: state of atmosphere and ocean at given ...
... land surfaces and the ecosystems in them. • e.g., "Baja California has a desert climate” Weather: state of atmosphere and ocean at given ...
Module β1
... All impacts are “potential” Only anthropogenic sources are included Different substances have different relative amounts of forcing ◦ Usually results are related to the equivalent release of a particular substance ...
... All impacts are “potential” Only anthropogenic sources are included Different substances have different relative amounts of forcing ◦ Usually results are related to the equivalent release of a particular substance ...
PDF
... difficult and almost impossible. International negotiations in other fields such as international trade, prove the complexity of these processes. For example, the Doha Round was launched in 2001, and it is still on the table, after almost ten years of discussion1. Having ...
... difficult and almost impossible. International negotiations in other fields such as international trade, prove the complexity of these processes. For example, the Doha Round was launched in 2001, and it is still on the table, after almost ten years of discussion1. Having ...
A P R
... the INDC tool will play a central role in the Paris negotiations: “Do not underestimate their [i.e. INDCs] significance: all countries are expected to submit INDCs that represent a ‘progression’ from their current commitment […]. This amounts to a significant shift from the original Convention, whic ...
... the INDC tool will play a central role in the Paris negotiations: “Do not underestimate their [i.e. INDCs] significance: all countries are expected to submit INDCs that represent a ‘progression’ from their current commitment […]. This amounts to a significant shift from the original Convention, whic ...
Global imprint of climate change on marine life
... (15.4 ± 8.7 km dec−1 ) were significantly slower than leading-edge expansions (72.0±13.5 km dec−1 ). Recent analysis suggests that both leading and trailing range edges for ectothermic marine organisms are equally responsive to warming13 . Thus, our faster leading-edge shifts might be driven by stro ...
... (15.4 ± 8.7 km dec−1 ) were significantly slower than leading-edge expansions (72.0±13.5 km dec−1 ). Recent analysis suggests that both leading and trailing range edges for ectothermic marine organisms are equally responsive to warming13 . Thus, our faster leading-edge shifts might be driven by stro ...
A Portfolio System of Climate Treaties
... emissions should be reduced 20 percent from the 1988 level by 2005. Through 2004, however, global emissions increased 32 percent. 3 This conception of the challenge has thus not helped. Of course, from the perspective of the climate, only global emissions matter, and so there is a logic to expressin ...
... emissions should be reduced 20 percent from the 1988 level by 2005. Through 2004, however, global emissions increased 32 percent. 3 This conception of the challenge has thus not helped. Of course, from the perspective of the climate, only global emissions matter, and so there is a logic to expressin ...
Is Strange Weather in the Air? A Study of US National Network News
... examination of the problems involved in monitoring long-term trends suggests that the issue of whether extreme events are increasing can only be profitably addressed for subsets of extreme events for specific regions in the future (Nicholls, 1995). In lieu of long-term homogeneous climatic observati ...
... examination of the problems involved in monitoring long-term trends suggests that the issue of whether extreme events are increasing can only be profitably addressed for subsets of extreme events for specific regions in the future (Nicholls, 1995). In lieu of long-term homogeneous climatic observati ...
Climate Refugees - Lutheran Office for Public Policy in Wisconsin
... 1st report recognized that the greatest single impact of climate change will be on human migration People will move temporarily (due to severe weather events) or permanently (severe drought, lack of resources or in the case of small island states) – is a form of adaptation Projected numbers range ...
... 1st report recognized that the greatest single impact of climate change will be on human migration People will move temporarily (due to severe weather events) or permanently (severe drought, lack of resources or in the case of small island states) – is a form of adaptation Projected numbers range ...
World Meteorological Organization
... following topics: agrometeorological products for farmers and extension services; communication of weather and climate products for farmers and extension services; case studies of applications of weather and climate products for agriculture; agrometeorological analyses: gaps and limitations; new pro ...
... following topics: agrometeorological products for farmers and extension services; communication of weather and climate products for farmers and extension services; case studies of applications of weather and climate products for agriculture; agrometeorological analyses: gaps and limitations; new pro ...
United States television news coverage of anthropogenic climate
... this statement, AGU President Robert Dickenson responded to a question about whether all scientific papers agree with this 2003 AGU position statement. He commented, “We are not saying you can’t come up with other conclusions by finding one or two papers somewhere. We are saying [that] if you look a ...
... this statement, AGU President Robert Dickenson responded to a question about whether all scientific papers agree with this 2003 AGU position statement. He commented, “We are not saying you can’t come up with other conclusions by finding one or two papers somewhere. We are saying [that] if you look a ...
PDF
... same discounting procedure to evaluate changes in expected future risks from climate change. Instead, these changes in future risk are treated as benefits reaped by the current generation, and their value reflects the marginal rate of substitution for the current generation between their own welfare ...
... same discounting procedure to evaluate changes in expected future risks from climate change. Instead, these changes in future risk are treated as benefits reaped by the current generation, and their value reflects the marginal rate of substitution for the current generation between their own welfare ...
European Temperate, Humid Continental Climate Building
... Exemplarily the capital of Austria, Vienna is taken as the reference location for all further investigations. Vienna’s climate is characterized by its significant winter, with roughly 3.500 heating degree days, by its, mild spring and summer and by a foggy autumn. There’s precipitation throughout th ...
... Exemplarily the capital of Austria, Vienna is taken as the reference location for all further investigations. Vienna’s climate is characterized by its significant winter, with roughly 3.500 heating degree days, by its, mild spring and summer and by a foggy autumn. There’s precipitation throughout th ...
Global warming controversy
The global warming controversy concerns the public debate over whether global warming is occurring, how much has occurred in modern times, what has caused it, what its effects will be, whether any action should be taken to curb it, and if so what that action should be. In the scientific literature, there is a strong consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused primarily by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. No scientific body of national or international standing disagrees with this view, though a few organizations with members in extractive industries hold non-committal positions. Disputes over the key scientific facts of global warming are now more prevalent in the popular media than in the scientific literature, where such issues are treated as resolved, and more in the United States than globally.Political and popular debate concerning the existence and cause of climate change includes the reasons for the increase seen in the instrumental temperature record, whether the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations, and whether human activities have contributed significantly to it. Scientists have resolved many of these questions decisively in favour of the view that the current warming trend exists and is ongoing, that human activity is the primary cause, and that it is without precedent in at least 2000 years. Disputes that also reflect scientific debate include estimates of how responsive the climate system might be to any given level of greenhouse gases (climate sensitivity), and what the consequences of global warming will be.Global warming remains an issue of widespread political debate, often split along party political lines, especially in the United States. Many of the largely settled scientific issues, such as the human responsibility for global warming, remain the subject of politically or economically motivated attempts to downplay, dismiss or deny them – an ideological phenomenon categorised by academics and scientists as climate change denial. The sources of funding for those involved with climate science – both supporting and opposing mainstream scientific positions – have been questioned by both sides. There are debates about the best policy responses to the science, their cost-effectiveness and their urgency. Climate scientists, especially in the United States, have reported official and oil-industry pressure to censor or suppress their work and hide scientific data, with directives not to discuss the subject in public communications. Legal cases regarding global warming, its effects, and measures to reduce it have reached American courts. The fossil fuels lobby and free market think tanks have often been identified as overtly or covertly supporting efforts to undermine or discredit the scientific consensus on global warming.