Intended Nationally Determined Contribution of Viet Nam
... II. GHG Mitigation Component 2.1. GHG mitigation activities prior to 2020 Viet Nam is one of the first countries to ratify the UNFCCC and the KP and has actively been researching and implementing GHG mitigation measures. As of June 2015, Viet Nam had 254 Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects ac ...
... II. GHG Mitigation Component 2.1. GHG mitigation activities prior to 2020 Viet Nam is one of the first countries to ratify the UNFCCC and the KP and has actively been researching and implementing GHG mitigation measures. As of June 2015, Viet Nam had 254 Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects ac ...
Beyond collapse - Climate change and causality
... livelihoods and migration undertaken within the context of development studies, since the 1950s (e.g. Jónsson, 2010). The extent to which such recent historical evidence can be used as a basis for understanding how human populations might respond to climate change over the coming decades, and even c ...
... livelihoods and migration undertaken within the context of development studies, since the 1950s (e.g. Jónsson, 2010). The extent to which such recent historical evidence can be used as a basis for understanding how human populations might respond to climate change over the coming decades, and even c ...
COP22: Strengthening the world`s response to climate change
... necessary for delivering the Paris Agreement. However, some clear signals for business emerged from the meeting: —— Whatever climate policy the new US administration adopts, at least 110 other countries will press ahead with cutting their emissions in line with the Paris Agreement. Critically, these ...
... necessary for delivering the Paris Agreement. However, some clear signals for business emerged from the meeting: —— Whatever climate policy the new US administration adopts, at least 110 other countries will press ahead with cutting their emissions in line with the Paris Agreement. Critically, these ...
Climate Change and National Security
... droughts, heat waves, and storms. Each of these has potential consequences, direct and indirect, for national security. National security extends well beyond protecting the homeland against armed attack by other states, and indeed, beyond threats from people who purposefully seek to damage or destr ...
... droughts, heat waves, and storms. Each of these has potential consequences, direct and indirect, for national security. National security extends well beyond protecting the homeland against armed attack by other states, and indeed, beyond threats from people who purposefully seek to damage or destr ...
Executive Summary - A New Climate for Peace
... need to be linked to long-term peacebuilding efforts. The UNFCCC has been a key resource, helping countries prepare vulnerability assessments and climate change adaptation plans, as well as providing funding for the implementa- ...
... need to be linked to long-term peacebuilding efforts. The UNFCCC has been a key resource, helping countries prepare vulnerability assessments and climate change adaptation plans, as well as providing funding for the implementa- ...
Polar Bears on Ice - Canadian Geographic Education
... the last thing you want to see is for them to become extinct (which is a possibility if things continue the way they are). What can you do about it, though? Well… Global warming has natural causes, for example the release of methane gas from arctic tundra and wetlands. Methane is a greenhouse gas. A ...
... the last thing you want to see is for them to become extinct (which is a possibility if things continue the way they are). What can you do about it, though? Well… Global warming has natural causes, for example the release of methane gas from arctic tundra and wetlands. Methane is a greenhouse gas. A ...
Climate Change and Respiratory Health
... Climate change discussions often focus on extreme weather events such as floods, droughts, heat waves, and blizzards. For people with respiratory health issues, extreme weather presents a number of hazards. As the climate changes, extreme weather events are on the rise; in the Midwest, these events ...
... Climate change discussions often focus on extreme weather events such as floods, droughts, heat waves, and blizzards. For people with respiratory health issues, extreme weather presents a number of hazards. As the climate changes, extreme weather events are on the rise; in the Midwest, these events ...
What range of future scenarios should climate change policy be based on? -Modal falsificationism and its limitations
... Because the graph itself does not display the results from all emission scenarios, the range it indicates is slightly smaller than the corresponding range in the TAR (figure 1); but the bars at right, comprising all emission scenarios, span a slightly wider range than in the TAR, namely from 1.1 - 6 ...
... Because the graph itself does not display the results from all emission scenarios, the range it indicates is slightly smaller than the corresponding range in the TAR (figure 1); but the bars at right, comprising all emission scenarios, span a slightly wider range than in the TAR, namely from 1.1 - 6 ...
Arctic greening can cause earlier seasonality of Arctic amplification
... Since the beginning of the twentieth century, Arctic surface temperature has increased at twice the rate of global mean temperature [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change AR4, 2007]. This feature, referred to as Arctic amplification, is ubiquitous in climate models and observations [e.g., Manabe ...
... Since the beginning of the twentieth century, Arctic surface temperature has increased at twice the rate of global mean temperature [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change AR4, 2007]. This feature, referred to as Arctic amplification, is ubiquitous in climate models and observations [e.g., Manabe ...
Global response of terrestrial ecosystem structure and function to
... structure in¯uence the magnitude and spatial pattern of the carbon sink and, in combination with changing climate, also freshwater availability (runoff). It is shown that these changes, once set in motion, would continue to evolve for at least a century even if atmospheric CO2 concentration and clim ...
... structure in¯uence the magnitude and spatial pattern of the carbon sink and, in combination with changing climate, also freshwater availability (runoff). It is shown that these changes, once set in motion, would continue to evolve for at least a century even if atmospheric CO2 concentration and clim ...
Pacific Region Climate Change Science and Learning Opportunities
... natural and historic resources within parks. “Studies like this are critical to inform national park managers and visitors alike about their local climate impacts so they can take proactive steps to address climate change,” Jarvis said. “Although the National Park Service alone cannot reverse the cl ...
... natural and historic resources within parks. “Studies like this are critical to inform national park managers and visitors alike about their local climate impacts so they can take proactive steps to address climate change,” Jarvis said. “Although the National Park Service alone cannot reverse the cl ...
The Positive Feedback Loop between the Impacts of Climate
... Climate and agricultural change form a two-way feedback loop. Agriculture affects the climate through the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) associated with agricultural productivity (e.g., from livestock and nitrogen fertiliser) and also through agricultural expansion into areas of natural vegeta ...
... Climate and agricultural change form a two-way feedback loop. Agriculture affects the climate through the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) associated with agricultural productivity (e.g., from livestock and nitrogen fertiliser) and also through agricultural expansion into areas of natural vegeta ...
Chapter 9 Climate Research and Climate Politics in Germany
... Science and politics can be coupled by myriad different means (through, e.g., symbols, procedures, institutions, rule systems), and it can be done unintentionally or consciously. Most important internationally, and in Germany, have been special hybrid institutions that combine scientists and politic ...
... Science and politics can be coupled by myriad different means (through, e.g., symbols, procedures, institutions, rule systems), and it can be done unintentionally or consciously. Most important internationally, and in Germany, have been special hybrid institutions that combine scientists and politic ...
Understanding the Links between Climate Change and Development
... 9 billion, barring substantial changes in demographic trends, with 2.5 billion more people in today’s developing countries. Larger populations put more pressure on ecosystems and natural resources, intensify the competition for land and water, and increase the demand for energy. Most of the populati ...
... 9 billion, barring substantial changes in demographic trends, with 2.5 billion more people in today’s developing countries. Larger populations put more pressure on ecosystems and natural resources, intensify the competition for land and water, and increase the demand for energy. Most of the populati ...
A guide to climate change and adaptation in agriculture in South
... basin scales, numerous long-term changes in climate have been observed. These include changes in Arctic temperatures and ice, widespread ...
... basin scales, numerous long-term changes in climate have been observed. These include changes in Arctic temperatures and ice, widespread ...
Human Impacts on Climate: A Broader View than Reported in the IPCC
... the current IPCC focus is an ineffective climate policy. ÎThe current IPCC focus is to use the focus on CO2 to promote changes in energy policy. ÎThe use of carbon dioxide as the instrument to promote energy policy changes, however, is an inappropriately blunt instrument for this purpose, and can le ...
... the current IPCC focus is an ineffective climate policy. ÎThe current IPCC focus is to use the focus on CO2 to promote changes in energy policy. ÎThe use of carbon dioxide as the instrument to promote energy policy changes, however, is an inappropriately blunt instrument for this purpose, and can le ...
Paving_the_Road_to_Paris_v2
... deal after the US, China, India and Australia confirmed their targets at the beginning of October? To what extent and under what circumstances will the European Union (EU) be able to influence a higher level of ambition and can it continue to strive for a leadership role? This strategic update argue ...
... deal after the US, China, India and Australia confirmed their targets at the beginning of October? To what extent and under what circumstances will the European Union (EU) be able to influence a higher level of ambition and can it continue to strive for a leadership role? This strategic update argue ...
ICLEI Milestone 2 Report Climate Changes and Impacts for the City
... the City’s climate will hardly be recognizable by the end of the century, and without adequate planning and adaptation these changes will have extensive impacts on the liveability of the City. Regional climate projections and local historic trends Within Metro Vancouver the historical rates at which ...
... the City’s climate will hardly be recognizable by the end of the century, and without adequate planning and adaptation these changes will have extensive impacts on the liveability of the City. Regional climate projections and local historic trends Within Metro Vancouver the historical rates at which ...
Paleoclimate Implications for Human-Made Climate Change
... changes of atmospheric composition include (1) Earth's paleoclimate history, showing how climate responded in the past to changes of boundary conditions including atmospheric composition, (2) modern observations of climate change, especially global satellite observations, coincident with rapidly cha ...
... changes of atmospheric composition include (1) Earth's paleoclimate history, showing how climate responded in the past to changes of boundary conditions including atmospheric composition, (2) modern observations of climate change, especially global satellite observations, coincident with rapidly cha ...
Climate sensitivity of shrub growth across the tundra biome
... change and tundra shrub expansion5,12–15 has yet to be quantified across the tundra biome as a whole. Shrubs are woody perennial species that live from decades to centuries. In seasonal climates, they form annual growth rings, allowing analysis of radial growth over time. Many shrub species are wide ...
... change and tundra shrub expansion5,12–15 has yet to be quantified across the tundra biome as a whole. Shrubs are woody perennial species that live from decades to centuries. In seasonal climates, they form annual growth rings, allowing analysis of radial growth over time. Many shrub species are wide ...
Climate Change Science - Stephen Schneider
... mined that they represent important issues in climate change science and could serve as a useful framework for addressing the two general questions from the White House. For the task of comparing IPCC Reports and Summaries, the committee focused its review on the work of IPCC Working Group I, which ...
... mined that they represent important issues in climate change science and could serve as a useful framework for addressing the two general questions from the White House. For the task of comparing IPCC Reports and Summaries, the committee focused its review on the work of IPCC Working Group I, which ...
Climate Change Science: An Analysis of Some Key Questions
... mined that they represent important issues in climate change science and could serve as a useful framework for addressing the two general questions from the White House. For the task of comparing IPCC Reports and Summaries, the committee focused its review on the work of IPCC Working Group I, which ...
... mined that they represent important issues in climate change science and could serve as a useful framework for addressing the two general questions from the White House. For the task of comparing IPCC Reports and Summaries, the committee focused its review on the work of IPCC Working Group I, which ...
Global warming controversy
The global warming controversy concerns the public debate over whether global warming is occurring, how much has occurred in modern times, what has caused it, what its effects will be, whether any action should be taken to curb it, and if so what that action should be. In the scientific literature, there is a strong consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused primarily by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. No scientific body of national or international standing disagrees with this view, though a few organizations with members in extractive industries hold non-committal positions. Disputes over the key scientific facts of global warming are now more prevalent in the popular media than in the scientific literature, where such issues are treated as resolved, and more in the United States than globally.Political and popular debate concerning the existence and cause of climate change includes the reasons for the increase seen in the instrumental temperature record, whether the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations, and whether human activities have contributed significantly to it. Scientists have resolved many of these questions decisively in favour of the view that the current warming trend exists and is ongoing, that human activity is the primary cause, and that it is without precedent in at least 2000 years. Disputes that also reflect scientific debate include estimates of how responsive the climate system might be to any given level of greenhouse gases (climate sensitivity), and what the consequences of global warming will be.Global warming remains an issue of widespread political debate, often split along party political lines, especially in the United States. Many of the largely settled scientific issues, such as the human responsibility for global warming, remain the subject of politically or economically motivated attempts to downplay, dismiss or deny them – an ideological phenomenon categorised by academics and scientists as climate change denial. The sources of funding for those involved with climate science – both supporting and opposing mainstream scientific positions – have been questioned by both sides. There are debates about the best policy responses to the science, their cost-effectiveness and their urgency. Climate scientists, especially in the United States, have reported official and oil-industry pressure to censor or suppress their work and hide scientific data, with directives not to discuss the subject in public communications. Legal cases regarding global warming, its effects, and measures to reduce it have reached American courts. The fossil fuels lobby and free market think tanks have often been identified as overtly or covertly supporting efforts to undermine or discredit the scientific consensus on global warming.