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... a tighter program in the future have drove prices up to $700, close to their expected level under a future program. In contrast, a restricted or absent bank creates circumstances where prices can spike up by a factor of 5, 10, or even 20 times in the face of a shortage. Uncertainty about Climate Cha ...
... a tighter program in the future have drove prices up to $700, close to their expected level under a future program. In contrast, a restricted or absent bank creates circumstances where prices can spike up by a factor of 5, 10, or even 20 times in the face of a shortage. Uncertainty about Climate Cha ...
variability of freezing levels, melting season indicators, and snow
... significant. The pre-1958 data may contain biases, particularly in the Southern Hemisphere, arising from changes in the observing system (Kistler et al., 2001). However, we note that the cooler temperatures and lower FLH evident for these early years of the record are consistent with the generally l ...
... significant. The pre-1958 data may contain biases, particularly in the Southern Hemisphere, arising from changes in the observing system (Kistler et al., 2001). However, we note that the cooler temperatures and lower FLH evident for these early years of the record are consistent with the generally l ...
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON FISHERIES: IMPLICATIONS
... moderately exploited, 52 per cent are fully exploited with no further increases anticipated, 19 per cent are overexploited, 8 per cent are depleted and 1 per cent are recovering from previous depletion (FAO, 2009). Changes in biophysical characteristics of the aquatic environment and frequent occurr ...
... moderately exploited, 52 per cent are fully exploited with no further increases anticipated, 19 per cent are overexploited, 8 per cent are depleted and 1 per cent are recovering from previous depletion (FAO, 2009). Changes in biophysical characteristics of the aquatic environment and frequent occurr ...
Effect of climate and landcover change
... Surface evaporation and plant transpiration comprise the water sink in the model. Evaporation of intercepted rain on leaves is at the potential rate. After the intercepted rain is evaporated, plant transpiration starts and is calculated using a Penman–Monteith formula. At the ground, evaporation fro ...
... Surface evaporation and plant transpiration comprise the water sink in the model. Evaporation of intercepted rain on leaves is at the potential rate. After the intercepted rain is evaporated, plant transpiration starts and is calculated using a Penman–Monteith formula. At the ground, evaporation fro ...
Effects of Climate Warming, North Atlantic Oscillation, and
... warming rate since around 1976[144,145]. The five warmest years in the Northern Hemisphere since at least 1400 A.D. all were recorded in the 1990s[146,147]. Much of this temperature increase is ascribed to the increasing long-term trends in anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon ...
... warming rate since around 1976[144,145]. The five warmest years in the Northern Hemisphere since at least 1400 A.D. all were recorded in the 1990s[146,147]. Much of this temperature increase is ascribed to the increasing long-term trends in anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon ...
Impacts of Climate Change on all European islands
... Climate change poses significant risks to many if not all European islands with associated impacts in several key areas including security, migration, and biodiversity. Climate risk is a particular challenge to islands as their pressure absorption capacity and territorial redeployment abilities are ...
... Climate change poses significant risks to many if not all European islands with associated impacts in several key areas including security, migration, and biodiversity. Climate risk is a particular challenge to islands as their pressure absorption capacity and territorial redeployment abilities are ...
A Complex Constellation: Displacement, Climate Change and Arctic
... (f) Measures to enhance understanding, coordination and cooperation with regard to climate change induced displacement, migration and planned relocation, where appropriate, at national, regional and international levels;10 In other words, for the first time in the UNFCCC framework, migration, displa ...
... (f) Measures to enhance understanding, coordination and cooperation with regard to climate change induced displacement, migration and planned relocation, where appropriate, at national, regional and international levels;10 In other words, for the first time in the UNFCCC framework, migration, displa ...
Weathercaster Views on Informal Climate Education: Similarities
... are universally agreed upon by all parties? (5) What do you see as your role as a weathercaster to educate your viewers about climate change? Weathercasters were recruited at a professional meeting of the American Meteorological Society (n = 48), and were given 20–30 minutes to write their answers s ...
... are universally agreed upon by all parties? (5) What do you see as your role as a weathercaster to educate your viewers about climate change? Weathercasters were recruited at a professional meeting of the American Meteorological Society (n = 48), and were given 20–30 minutes to write their answers s ...
global warming, climate change and tourism: a review of
... governments to work on policy changes which may include subsidies to enable efficient private adaptations. Some articles highlighted hotels and what they have been doing to mitigate the climate change problem or how to make decisions for business planning. Adaptation and mitigation was the main them ...
... governments to work on policy changes which may include subsidies to enable efficient private adaptations. Some articles highlighted hotels and what they have been doing to mitigate the climate change problem or how to make decisions for business planning. Adaptation and mitigation was the main them ...
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... Departments of Anand Agricultural University, Anand and Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh. Vulnerability to climate change is a comprehensive multidimensional process affected by a large number of related indicators and hence it is necessary to measure the quantum of vulnerability by constr ...
... Departments of Anand Agricultural University, Anand and Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh. Vulnerability to climate change is a comprehensive multidimensional process affected by a large number of related indicators and hence it is necessary to measure the quantum of vulnerability by constr ...
Building Social Resilience: Protecting and Empowering Those Most
... systems is already evident. For example, rising temperatures have caused changes in the physical ...
... systems is already evident. For example, rising temperatures have caused changes in the physical ...
Working Paper Series: The Global Energy Market: Comprehensive Strategies to Meet
... the most difficult collective action problem in the history of international relations, one made intractable by its global scope, its differential impact upon various countries, and the multigenerational scale of both the problem and any plausible solution. In sum, addressing global climate change i ...
... the most difficult collective action problem in the history of international relations, one made intractable by its global scope, its differential impact upon various countries, and the multigenerational scale of both the problem and any plausible solution. In sum, addressing global climate change i ...
HFA 2 Priorities from Nepal National and local governments, NGOs
... Nepal is one of the most vulnerable countries in the world to natural disaster. 1 This vulnerability is due to a lack of technical capacity and resources to adopt and implement resilience strategies. Political instability and the absence of locally elected authorities have only compounded the challe ...
... Nepal is one of the most vulnerable countries in the world to natural disaster. 1 This vulnerability is due to a lack of technical capacity and resources to adopt and implement resilience strategies. Political instability and the absence of locally elected authorities have only compounded the challe ...
An Ounce of Prevention
... practice, we found that decisions about responses to humanitarian crises could be skewed by short-term political considerations that come from outside OFDA and disaster assistance providers. In the future it will be essential for key decision-makers to understand how decisions based on short-term po ...
... practice, we found that decisions about responses to humanitarian crises could be skewed by short-term political considerations that come from outside OFDA and disaster assistance providers. In the future it will be essential for key decision-makers to understand how decisions based on short-term po ...
New Zealand`s Journey toward a Low-Emission Future
... Executive summary In the coming decades, New Zealand will face important choices shaped by both the risks and opportunities created by climate change. This paper provides an overview of the current climate change landscape from which New Zealand is starting the next stage of its journey toward a glo ...
... Executive summary In the coming decades, New Zealand will face important choices shaped by both the risks and opportunities created by climate change. This paper provides an overview of the current climate change landscape from which New Zealand is starting the next stage of its journey toward a glo ...
Climate politics in the lower Mekong basin
... which a system is exposed, its sensitivity, and its adaptive capacity’ (IPCC 2001, p. 995). Climate vulnerabilities vary between countries and regions, providing different incentives for action. However, what is at stake here is not the scientific assessment of vulnerabilities but the political risk ...
... which a system is exposed, its sensitivity, and its adaptive capacity’ (IPCC 2001, p. 995). Climate vulnerabilities vary between countries and regions, providing different incentives for action. However, what is at stake here is not the scientific assessment of vulnerabilities but the political risk ...
Future changes in climate, ocean circulation, ecosystems, and
... evidence suggests a discernible human influence on global climate’’ (2nd AR [IPCC, 1995]). ‘‘There is new and stronger evidence that most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities’’ (3rd AR [IPCC, 2001]). ‘‘Most of the observed increase in globally averaged t ...
... evidence suggests a discernible human influence on global climate’’ (2nd AR [IPCC, 1995]). ‘‘There is new and stronger evidence that most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities’’ (3rd AR [IPCC, 2001]). ‘‘Most of the observed increase in globally averaged t ...
Polar amplification as a preferred response in an idealized
... ocean, Boer (1995) found a polar amplified surface temperature response accompanied by a very modest change in total poleward atmospheric energy transport. The small change was found to occur due to a cancellation between a decrease in dry static energy transport and an increase in the latent heat t ...
... ocean, Boer (1995) found a polar amplified surface temperature response accompanied by a very modest change in total poleward atmospheric energy transport. The small change was found to occur due to a cancellation between a decrease in dry static energy transport and an increase in the latent heat t ...
View/Open
... could suggest that it would be appropriate to estimate the parameters of our regression equations with a fixed effect model (FE). However, agricultural production is strongly related to the local climatic conditions, and the climatic variations have been small during our sample period. Temperature a ...
... could suggest that it would be appropriate to estimate the parameters of our regression equations with a fixed effect model (FE). However, agricultural production is strongly related to the local climatic conditions, and the climatic variations have been small during our sample period. Temperature a ...
Climate Change and College Students
... be effective in promoting attitude change. However, in the case of climate change, attitude change about human’s role in global warming is not sufficient. That is, if everyone believes that the planet is warming, but individuals do not take actions to reduce their ‘‘carbon footprint,’’ then persuasi ...
... be effective in promoting attitude change. However, in the case of climate change, attitude change about human’s role in global warming is not sufficient. That is, if everyone believes that the planet is warming, but individuals do not take actions to reduce their ‘‘carbon footprint,’’ then persuasi ...
Climate policy under sustainable discounted utilitarianism: Working Paper 42 (830 kB) (opens in new window)
... Empirical evaluation of policies to mitigate climate change has been largely con ned to the application of discounted utilitarianism (DU). DU is controversial, both due to the conditions through which it is justi ed and due to its consequences for climate policies, where the discounting of future ut ...
... Empirical evaluation of policies to mitigate climate change has been largely con ned to the application of discounted utilitarianism (DU). DU is controversial, both due to the conditions through which it is justi ed and due to its consequences for climate policies, where the discounting of future ut ...
A brief description of models used in this staff working document
... PM10). There are three mechanisms for emission reductions: (i) substitution between fuels and between energetic and non-energetic inputs, (ii) emission reduction due to less production and consumption, and (iii) purchasing abatement equipment. The direct emissions and the potential for mitigation fr ...
... PM10). There are three mechanisms for emission reductions: (i) substitution between fuels and between energetic and non-energetic inputs, (ii) emission reduction due to less production and consumption, and (iii) purchasing abatement equipment. The direct emissions and the potential for mitigation fr ...
Flows of Power: unpacking equity implications of irrigating
... Southeast Asia (SEA) and farmers’ vulnerability – many of which face already now a precarious livelihood situation (Ballard et al. 2007, Scheidel et al. 2014) – is expected to increase further with the effects of climate change, such as alterations in precipitation patt ...
... Southeast Asia (SEA) and farmers’ vulnerability – many of which face already now a precarious livelihood situation (Ballard et al. 2007, Scheidel et al. 2014) – is expected to increase further with the effects of climate change, such as alterations in precipitation patt ...
Climate change implications for New Zealand
... cannot be, although we generally know the direction of the change. For example, we know that sea level will continue to rise for centuries and that heavy rainfall will become more frequent7, but that the amount of change is still uncertain. In a nutshell, the challenge for decision makers is that th ...
... cannot be, although we generally know the direction of the change. For example, we know that sea level will continue to rise for centuries and that heavy rainfall will become more frequent7, but that the amount of change is still uncertain. In a nutshell, the challenge for decision makers is that th ...
A Tale of Two Carbon Sinks - Scholarly Commons @ FAMU Law
... governance issue that humanity has ever faced. Traditional treaty negotiation and implementation efforts remain relevant to combat this crisis; however, these channels of governance and diplomacy have fallen short of expectations in significant respects in the past two decades. For example, the refu ...
... governance issue that humanity has ever faced. Traditional treaty negotiation and implementation efforts remain relevant to combat this crisis; however, these channels of governance and diplomacy have fallen short of expectations in significant respects in the past two decades. For example, the refu ...